BMC Nutrition最新文献

Background: A high-quality diet is an important strategy for preventing chronic diseases, including cancer. The Nutrient Rich Food Score (NRFS) is a very useful index that can compare the value of key micronutrients and macronutrients per calorie. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of this index with the risk of lung cancer based on gender for the first time.

Method: This paper is a hospital-based case-control study that includes 135 newly diagnosed lung cancer patient and 237 sex- and age-matched individuals in Iran. A 147-item food frequency questionnaire (147-item-FFQ) was used to assess participants' dietary intake. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to assess the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of lung cancer by the Nutrient Rich Food Score tertiles.

Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, a high Nutrient-Rich Food Score was associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19-0.74). Consistent with the overall result, the protective association remained for men (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08-0.61), while this relationship failed to reach significant level for women (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.16-1.32).

Conclusion: The results showed that a high NRFS is associated with a decrease in lung cancer risk. After stratifying by sex, the association was the same for men, but null among women.

Background: Outpatient therapeutic care (OTC) programs are essential for managing severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among children under 5 years. However, default rates in northern Uganda remain high- reaching up to 21.9%. This study explored the experiences of health workers delivering OTC services on outpatient therapeutic care treatment default at Gulu regional referral hospital (GRRH).

Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study that employed phenomenology. Semi structured interviews were conducted with nine purposively selected health workers. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically.

Results: Six core themes emerged from the data analysis: organization of the OTC program, causes of treatment default, consequences of default, management and prevention strategies, programmatic challenges, and recommendations for program improvement. Many health workers described multiple drivers of default, including structural and systemic barriers (e.g., long distances, transport costs, RUTF stockouts, staff absenteeism, and seasonal farming), caregiver-level challenges (e.g., Domestic violence, long distances, transport costs, family separation, poverty, seasonal farming, inadequate social support, and cultural beliefs), health literacy gaps (e.g., misinformation, misconceptions and negligence), and child-level clinical complications (comorbidities e.g., HIV, TB, cerebral palsy).

Conclusions: Outpatient therapeutic care treatment default is driven by a complex intersection of health system and structural limitations, caregiver socio-economic challenges, and child-related factors. Addressing these requires strengthening defaulter tracing via systematic tracking and community follow up, decentralizing OTC services to lower level facilities with dedicated staff, and ensuring consistent RUTF supply, staffing, and clinic schedules.

Introduction: Adequate nutrition is essential for proper growth, development, and disease prevention during the first 1000 days of life. Introducing solid, semi-solid, or liquid foods in addition to breast milk, also known as complementary feeding (CF), earlier or later than the recommended 6 months, is associated with poor nutritional outcomes in children under the age of two. Given the limited evidence, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with timely complementary feeding in children aged 6-23 months.

Methods: We used data from the first round of Kenya's 2017 Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) survey. The dependent variable, timely CF, was defined as "the introduction of other feeds apart from breast milk at 6 months." Frequencies, percentages, and 95% confidence intervals were used to describe the sample characteristics and prevalence of timely CF. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the determinants of timely complementary feeding.

Results: Of the 3,084 mothers included in the study, most were married (82.1%), aged 20-34 years (78.8%), and unemployed (75.5%). The overall weighted prevalence of timely CF was 51.7% (95% CI 47.6, 55.9), with a higher prevalence among the richest (66.6%), urban residents (60.6%), and mothers with a tertiary education (61.1%). After adjusting for other covariates, mothers aged 20-34 years had lower odds of practicing timely complementary feeding than those aged 35-49 years (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52-0.99). Similarly, children from wealthier households were more likely to receive timely complementary feeding, with the odds increasing across wealth quintiles from the poorer (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.30-2.19) to the richest (aOR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.97-5.60).

Conclusion: Timely complementary feeding remains suboptimal in Kenya despite strong policy frameworks, indicating implementation gaps and the need for targeted interventions to address socioeconomic and regional disparities.

Background: Amelioration of maternal nutrition is crucial in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), that experiences political instability and malnutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nutrition-specific interventions on nutritional knowledge, dietary practices, and hemoglobin (Hb) status among lactating mothers in the Bukavu region, DRC.

Methods: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted with 416 mother-infant pairs from 3-6 to 6-9 months postpartum. The mothers were classified according to their mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and subsequently assigned to the following intervention and control groups by block randomization: low MUAC-nutrition education, low MUAC-lipid-based nutrient supplements, low MUAC-control; normal MUAC-control; high MUAC-nutrition education, high MUAC-control. The pre- and post-intervention assessments included questionnaires on nutritional knowledge and practice to calculate scores (range 0-1); 24 h dietary recalls to calculate the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS, range 0-10); and measurement of maternal Hb. Changes of these parameters from pre- to post-intervention were analyzed by linear mixed models.

Results: The change of total knowledge score from pre- to post-intervention was significantly positively affected by reception of nutrition education with a model-based mean difference of 0.161 between mothers with nutrition education compared to those without (p = 0.000). The change in DDS was not affected, but there was a positive impact of nutrition education on the modification of complementary feeding practices (OR 2.930, p = 0.030). Change in maternal Hb was not different between the intervention and control groups with higher increases among mothers with anemia compared to all mothers.

Conclusion: Nutrition education can positively influence knowledge and potentially complementary feeding, while further measures may be required for beneficial effects on anemia.

Trial registration: The study was registered prospectively at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS; DRKS-ID DRKS00012842) on November 27, 2017.