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Cre-driven tdTomato expression unexpectedly confers resistance to peripheral but not central lupus in dLckCre mice 基因驱动的tdTomato表达意外地赋予dckcre小鼠外周性狼疮而非中枢性狼疮的抗性
IF 3.6 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100320
Ning Han , Keer Wang , Dan Yang , Mingxuan Han, Xiaoxiao Hou, Zhenghao Xu
The Cre-driven tdTomato reporter system is widely used to visualize gene expression and cellular dynamics. Here we tested the impact of the tdTomato reporter system on the progression of both central and peripheral manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in dLckCre mice. We crossed dLckCre mice with ROSA26floxed-Stop-tdTomato mice to generate conditional dLck-driven tdTomato reporter mice (DT mice). Then, SLE models were induced by pristane injection in DT mice or by crossing DT mice with B6/lpr mice. Central and peripheral manifestations of SLE were assessed. Surprisingly, we found that DT mice exhibited a significant reduction in the progression of peripheral manifestations of SLE, evidenced by decreased severity of lymph node and splenic lesions, and improved renal pathology. However, DT mice showed similar central manifestations of SLE as control mice, evidenced by similar behavioral performance, CD4+ T cell infiltration in the choroid plexus, and microglial activation in the hippocampus. Flow cytometry revealed a significant reduction in the proportion of double-negative (DN) T cells in the peripheral blood of DT mice. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed no significant differences in microglial morphology or choroid plexus CD4+ T cell infiltration between DT lupus mice and control mice. Notably, over 80 % of the infiltrating lymphocytes in the choroid plexus of lupus mice were CD4+ T cells. Adoptive transfer experiments further confirmed that these ectopically aggregated CD4+ T cells in the choroid plexus constitute a key pathogenic factor driving the onset and progression of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). Thus, conditional tdTomato expression alleviated peripheral but not central manifestations of SLE in dLckCre mice, suggesting a diverse role of dLck-labeled T lymphocytes in SLE development. Our results also provide additional evidence supporting the existence of a distinct separation mechanism between peripheral and central manifestations of SLE.
cred驱动的tdTomato报告系统被广泛用于基因表达和细胞动力学的可视化。在这里,我们测试了tdTomato报告系统对dckcre小鼠系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)中枢和外周表现进展的影响。我们将dckcre小鼠与ROSA26floxed-Stop-tdTomato小鼠杂交,生成条件dlck驱动的tdTomato报告小鼠(DT小鼠)。然后,用普里stane注射DT小鼠或将DT小鼠与B6/lpr小鼠杂交诱导SLE模型。评估SLE的中枢和外周表现。令人惊讶的是,我们发现DT小鼠在SLE周围表现的进展中表现出显著的减少,淋巴结和脾脏病变的严重程度降低,肾脏病理改善。然而,DT小鼠表现出与对照小鼠相似的SLE中枢表现,表现为相似的行为表现、脉络膜丛CD4+ T细胞浸润和海马小胶质细胞活化。流式细胞术显示,DT小鼠外周血中双阴性(DN) T细胞的比例显著降低。免疫荧光分析证实,DT狼疮小鼠与对照组小胶质细胞形态及脉络膜丛CD4+ T细胞浸润无显著差异。值得注意的是,狼疮小鼠脉络膜丛浸润淋巴细胞中超过80%是CD4+ T细胞。过继性转移实验进一步证实,脉络膜丛中这些异位聚集的CD4+ T细胞是驱动神经精神性SLE (NPSLE)发生和发展的关键致病因素。因此,条件tdTomato表达减轻了dclcre小鼠SLE的外周表现,而不是中枢表现,提示dclk标记T淋巴细胞在SLE发展中的多种作用。我们的研究结果还提供了额外的证据,支持SLE外周和中枢表现之间存在明显的分离机制。
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引用次数: 0
Vitamin D3 encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles to dampen the pro-inflammatory immune response 维生素D3封装在聚合纳米颗粒中,以抑制促炎免疫反应
IF 3.6 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100321
Julia Minnee , Jorge Cuenca-Escalona , Johanna Bödder , Georgina Flórez-Grau , Esther C. de Jong , I. Jolanda M. de Vries
1α25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active metabolite of vitamin D3 (VD3), is a modulator of inflammation well-known for its ability to promote anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic immune responses. It is therefore an attractive agent for the attenuation of inflammatory responses and the development of tolerogenic immunity in autoimmune diseases. To overcome VD3 toxicity and enhance its in vivo performance, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising delivery platform. Therefore, in this study, we have developed VD3-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (VD3-NPs) as a therapeutical strategy for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. We demonstrate that VD3-NPs could successfully be generated and that they significantly inhibit secretion of IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, and TNFα in human whole blood cultures. We observed that poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs are efficiently taken up by neutrophils, monocytes and B cells, prompting further investigation into the effect of VD3-NPs on these subsets. Investigation into each of the immune cell subsets demonstrated that the VD3-NPs were able inhibit cytokine secretion by both monocytes and neutrophils. Moreover, VD3-NPs induced a tolerogenic phenotype in monocytes. In B cells, we observed that VD3-NPs impaired in vitro plasma B cell differentiation and suppressed antibody production. Together, our results validate for the first time in primary human cells the therapeutic potential of VD3 encapsulated in PLGA NPs, posing an attractive strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
1α25-二羟基维生素D3是维生素D3 (VD3)的活性代谢物,是一种炎症调节剂,以其促进抗炎和耐受性免疫反应的能力而闻名。因此,对于自身免疫性疾病的炎症反应的衰减和耐受性免疫的发展,它是一种有吸引力的药物。为了克服VD3的毒性并提高其在体内的性能,纳米颗粒(NPs)已成为一种有前途的给药平台。因此,在这项研究中,我们开发了装载vd3的聚合物纳米颗粒(VD3-NPs)作为治疗自身免疫性疾病的治疗策略。我们证明了VD3-NPs可以成功生成,并且它们可以显著抑制人全血培养中IL-6、IL-10、IL-23和tnf - α的分泌。我们观察到聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA) NPs被中性粒细胞、单核细胞和B细胞有效吸收,这促使我们进一步研究VD3-NPs对这些亚群的影响。对每个免疫细胞亚群的研究表明,VD3-NPs能够抑制单核细胞和中性粒细胞的细胞因子分泌。此外,VD3-NPs在单核细胞中诱导耐受性表型。在B细胞中,我们观察到VD3-NPs损害了体外血浆B细胞的分化并抑制了抗体的产生。总之,我们的研究结果首次在人类原代细胞中验证了包裹在PLGA NPs中的VD3的治疗潜力,为治疗自身免疫性疾病提出了一种有吸引力的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Integrative mass spectrometry-driven multi-omics and single cell technologies in ankylosing spondylitis: insights into pathogenesis, biomarker discovery, and precision medicine 强直性脊柱炎的综合质谱驱动的多组学和单细胞技术:发病机制、生物标志物发现和精准医学的见解
IF 3.6 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100319
Yan Gao , Xinge Li , Fengting Luo , Ruibing Chen , Xiangyang Zhang
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the axial skeleton, presents significant clinical challenges due to its complex pathogenesis, delayed diagnosis, and heterogeneous therapeutic responses. This review highlights the pivotal role of mass spectrometry (MS)-based multi-omics technologies in elucidating AS pathogenesis, identifying disease-specific biomarkers, and advancing precision medicine for AS. The fundamental principles of MS are outlined, encompassing ionization methods like electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, mass analyzers such as orbitrap and time-of-flight, and separation systems including liquid and gas chromatography. These technologies enable highly sensitive and comprehensive profiling of proteomes, metabolomes, and lipidomes. Proteomics analyses have revealed dysregulated pathways and identified key biomarkers, including complement components, matrix metalloproteinases and the panel “C-reactive protein + serum amyloid A1”, for distinguishing active AS from healthy controls and stable AS. Metabolomics studies emphasize disturbances in tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and gut microbiome-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, thereby linking microbial imbalance to inflammatory responses. A combination of three metabolites (3-amino-2-piperidone, hypoxanthine, and octadecylamine) has shown promise as serum biomarkers for AS diagnosis. Lipidomics profiling reveals significant changes in phospholipid composition. Furthermore, emerging single cell technologies (e.g., mass cytometry) have dissected immune heterogeneity in AS, revealing chemokine signaling dysregulation in monocyte and T-cell subclusters. Persistent challenges and future advancements, such as data heterogeneity, cohort limitations, and the interpretability of artificial intelligence models for multi-omics integration were discussed. By integrating technological innovation with clinical insights, this review systematically summarizes multiple potential biomarker panels for AS, in which multi-omics-driven strategies facilitate early diagnosis, mechanistic subtyping, and personalized therapies, ultimately improving patient outcomes in AS.
强直性脊柱炎(AS)是一种主要影响中轴骨骼的慢性炎症性关节炎,由于其复杂的发病机制、延迟的诊断和异质性的治疗反应,给临床带来了重大挑战。本文综述了基于质谱(MS)的多组学技术在阐明AS发病机制、识别疾病特异性生物标志物和推进AS精准医学方面的关键作用。概述了质谱的基本原理,包括电离方法,如电喷雾和基质辅助激光解吸/电离,质量分析仪,如轨道阱和飞行时间,分离系统,包括液相和气相色谱。这些技术能够对蛋白质组、代谢组和脂质组进行高度敏感和全面的分析。蛋白质组学分析揭示了失调的途径,并确定了关键的生物标志物,包括补体成分、基质金属蛋白酶和“c反应蛋白+血清淀粉样蛋白A1”面板,用于区分活性AS与健康对照和稳定AS。代谢组学研究强调色氨酸-犬尿氨酸代谢和肠道微生物衍生代谢物(包括短链脂肪酸)的紊乱,从而将微生物失衡与炎症反应联系起来。三种代谢物(3-氨基-2-哌啶酮、次黄嘌呤和十八胺)的组合有望作为as诊断的血清生物标志物。脂质组学分析揭示了磷脂组成的显著变化。此外,新兴的单细胞技术(如大量细胞术)已经解剖了AS的免疫异质性,揭示了单核细胞和t细胞亚群中的趋化因子信号失调。讨论了持续的挑战和未来的进展,如数据异质性、队列限制和多组学集成人工智能模型的可解释性。通过将技术创新与临床见解相结合,本综述系统地总结了多个潜在的AS生物标志物面板,其中多组学驱动策略促进了AS的早期诊断,机制亚型和个性化治疗,最终改善了AS患者的预后。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical efficacy and immunomodulation of double-filtration plasmapheresis in autoimmune encephalitis: A prospective study highlighting the importance of timely initiation 双滤过血浆置换治疗自身免疫性脑炎的临床疗效和免疫调节作用:一项前瞻性研究,强调及时启动的重要性
IF 3.6 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100318
Hongyan Li , Kan Wang , Qiuju Li , Xuzhong Pei , Jie Ding , Jing Peng , Wanwan Li , Xiajun Zhou , Desheng Zhu , Yangtai Guan

Background and purpose

Double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) has emerged as a plasma-saving alternative to therapeutic plasma exchange for autoimmune encephalitis (AE), but prospective evidence regarding its dual effects on both clinical efficacy and immunomodulation remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and immunological effects of DFPP in AE.

Methods

In this prospective single-center cohort study, 57 patients diagnosed with AE according to international criteria were enrolled between 2018 and 2023. Participants received DFPP (median 3–5 sessions), either alone or combined with immunotherapies. The primary outcome was neurological improvement, measured by the change in modified Rankin Scale (ΔmRS). Secondary outcomes included symptomatic change (ΔCASE score), immunological parameter shifts, and adverse events. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on antibody type, treatment timing, and combination therapies.

Results

The cohort had a median age of 47 years (IQR: 24–65), with 49.1 % being female. DFPP significantly reduced median mRS scores from 3.00 to 1.00 (p < 0.001) and CASE scores from 3.00 to 1.00 (p < 0.001). The overall functional improvement rate was 71.9 %. Initiation of DFPP within 14 days of symptom onset was associated with significantly higher response rates (100 % vs. 63.6 %, p < 0.05) and greater neurological improvement (p < 0.05). Combination with IVMP or IVIG did not enhance efficacy compared to DFPP alone (p = 0.600). Immunological profiling revealed significant reductions in IgG (77.55 %), IgA (76.11 %), and IgM (79.96 %), along with modulation of lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels. Adverse events occurred in 28.1 % of patients, predominantly mild catheter-related thrombosis.

Conclusions

DFPP is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for autoimmune encephalitis, significantly improving neurological function modulates immune responses.
背景和目的双滤过血浆置换术(DFPP)已成为治疗自身免疫性脑炎(AE)的一种血浆保存替代方法,但关于其临床疗效和免疫调节双重作用的前瞻性证据仍然有限。本研究旨在评价DFPP治疗AE的临床和免疫学效果。方法在这项前瞻性单中心队列研究中,纳入了2018年至2023年间57例根据国际标准诊断为AE的患者。参与者接受DFPP(中位3-5个疗程),单独或联合免疫疗法。主要结果是神经系统改善,通过修改Rankin量表(ΔmRS)的变化来衡量。次要结局包括症状改变(ΔCASE评分)、免疫参数变化和不良事件。根据抗体类型、治疗时间和联合治疗进行亚组分析。结果该队列患者中位年龄为47岁(IQR: 24-65),女性占49.1%。DFPP显著降低mRS评分中位数,从3.00降至1.00 (p < 0.001), CASE评分从3.00降至1.00 (p < 0.001)。整体功能改善率为71.9%。症状出现后14天内开始DFPP治疗的有效率显著提高(100% vs. 63.6%, p < 0.05),神经系统改善显著(p < 0.05)。与单用DFPP相比,联合IVMP或IVIG没有提高疗效(p = 0.600)。免疫学分析显示IgG(77.55%)、IgA(76.11%)和IgM(79.96%)显著降低,淋巴细胞亚群和细胞因子水平也有调节。28.1%的患者发生不良事件,主要是轻度导管相关血栓形成。结论sdfpp治疗自身免疫性脑炎是一种有效且耐受性良好的治疗方法,可显著改善神经功能,调节免疫反应。
{"title":"Clinical efficacy and immunomodulation of double-filtration plasmapheresis in autoimmune encephalitis: A prospective study highlighting the importance of timely initiation","authors":"Hongyan Li ,&nbsp;Kan Wang ,&nbsp;Qiuju Li ,&nbsp;Xuzhong Pei ,&nbsp;Jie Ding ,&nbsp;Jing Peng ,&nbsp;Wanwan Li ,&nbsp;Xiajun Zhou ,&nbsp;Desheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Yangtai Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><div>Double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) has emerged as a plasma-saving alternative to therapeutic plasma exchange for autoimmune encephalitis (AE), but prospective evidence regarding its dual effects on both clinical efficacy and immunomodulation remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and immunological effects of DFPP in AE.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective single-center cohort study, 57 patients diagnosed with AE according to international criteria were enrolled between 2018 and 2023. Participants received DFPP (median 3–5 sessions), either alone or combined with immunotherapies. The primary outcome was neurological improvement, measured by the change in modified Rankin Scale (ΔmRS). Secondary outcomes included symptomatic change (ΔCASE score), immunological parameter shifts, and adverse events. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on antibody type, treatment timing, and combination therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort had a median age of 47 years (IQR: 24–65), with 49.1 % being female. DFPP significantly reduced median mRS scores from 3.00 to 1.00 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and CASE scores from 3.00 to 1.00 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The overall functional improvement rate was 71.9 %. Initiation of DFPP within 14 days of symptom onset was associated with significantly higher response rates (100 % vs. 63.6 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and greater neurological improvement (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Combination with IVMP or IVIG did not enhance efficacy compared to DFPP alone (<em>p</em> = 0.600). Immunological profiling revealed significant reductions in IgG (77.55 %), IgA (76.11 %), and IgM (79.96 %), along with modulation of lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels. Adverse events occurred in 28.1 % of patients, predominantly mild catheter-related thrombosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DFPP is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for autoimmune encephalitis, significantly improving neurological function modulates immune responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Serum test for secretory component-containing anti-citrullinated protein antibodies as a novel prognostic tool in rheumatoid arthritis at-risk subjects 血清检测含有抗瓜氨酸化蛋白抗体的分泌成分作为类风湿关节炎危险受试者的一种新的预后工具
IF 3.6 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100317
Klara Martinsson , Simon Åhammar , Alexandra Cîrciumaru , Bence Réthi , Michael Ziegelasch , Aase Hensvold , Alf Kastbom
Individuals with autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) and musculoskeletal symptoms face increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There are knowledge gaps concerning who will develop disease, and predictors of RA onset are highly warranted. A mucosal origin hypothesis in RA is gaining increasing support, for instance by a previous study showing that secretory component-containing ACPA (SC ACPA) in the circulation are prognostic for RA onset. This study aimed to confirm the prognostic value of serum SC ACPA in a large cohort of symptomatic at-risk subjects and to establish a cutoff level for the prognostic use of SC ACPA testing.
Baseline sera from an observational prospective cohort of IgG ACPA positive individuals with musculoskeletal complaints (Karolinska cohort, n = 266) were tested for SC ACPA by ELISA. SC ACPA levels were increased among subjects subsequently developing arthritis (n = 100, median 62 arbitrary units (AU)/mL) compared to those who did not (n = 166, median 40 AU/mL; p < 0.001). A cutoff level for the optimal discrimination concerning future arthritis onset was established by Youden's index, resulting in 81 subjects (30 %) testing positive for SC ACPA, whereof 45 (56 %) progressed to arthritis. Among those testing negative (n = 185), significantly fewer progressed (n = 55, 30 %; p < 0.001). This cutoff was then tested in the previously studied at-risk cohort (n = 82), revealing similar prognostic performance in both cohorts (sensitivity 45 % and 41 %; specificity 78 % and 81 %). We conclude that serum SC ACPA testing is of potential clinical value in symptomatic at-risk subjects and strengthens the mucosal association in RA development.
具有抗瓜氨酸化蛋白(ACPA)自身抗体和肌肉骨骼症状的个体患类风湿关节炎(RA)的风险增加。关于谁将会发展为疾病存在知识空白,而类风湿关节炎发病的预测因素是非常必要的。RA的粘膜起源假说正获得越来越多的支持,例如,先前的一项研究表明,循环中含有分泌成分ACPA (SC ACPA)是RA发病的预后因素。本研究旨在确认血清SC ACPA在一大群有症状的高危受试者中的预后价值,并建立SC ACPA检测用于预后的临界值。通过ELISA检测具有肌肉骨骼疾患的IgG ACPA阳性个体的基线血清(卡罗林斯卡队列,n = 266)。与未发生关节炎的受试者(n = 166,中位数40 AU/mL; p < 0.001)相比,随后发生关节炎的受试者SC ACPA水平升高(n = 100,中位数62任意单位(AU)/mL)。通过约登指数(Youden's index)建立了最佳鉴别未来关节炎发病的截止水平,结果81名受试者(30%)SC ACPA检测呈阳性,其中45名(56%)进展为关节炎。在检测呈阴性的患者(n = 185)中,进展明显较少(n = 55,30 %; p < 0.001)。然后在先前研究的高危队列(n = 82)中测试该截止值,结果显示两个队列的预后表现相似(敏感性为45%和41%;特异性为78%和81%)。我们得出结论,血清SC ACPA检测在有症状的高危受试者中具有潜在的临床价值,并加强了RA发展中的粘膜相关性。
{"title":"Serum test for secretory component-containing anti-citrullinated protein antibodies as a novel prognostic tool in rheumatoid arthritis at-risk subjects","authors":"Klara Martinsson ,&nbsp;Simon Åhammar ,&nbsp;Alexandra Cîrciumaru ,&nbsp;Bence Réthi ,&nbsp;Michael Ziegelasch ,&nbsp;Aase Hensvold ,&nbsp;Alf Kastbom","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) and musculoskeletal symptoms face increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There are knowledge gaps concerning who will develop disease, and predictors of RA onset are highly warranted. A mucosal origin hypothesis in RA is gaining increasing support, for instance by a previous study showing that secretory component-containing ACPA (SC ACPA) in the circulation are prognostic for RA onset. This study aimed to confirm the prognostic value of serum SC ACPA in a large cohort of symptomatic at-risk subjects and to establish a cutoff level for the prognostic use of SC ACPA testing.</div><div>Baseline sera from an observational prospective cohort of IgG ACPA positive individuals with musculoskeletal complaints (Karolinska cohort, n = 266) were tested for SC ACPA by ELISA. SC ACPA levels were increased among subjects subsequently developing arthritis (n = 100, median 62 arbitrary units (AU)/mL) compared to those who did not (n = 166, median 40 AU/mL; p &lt; 0.001). A cutoff level for the optimal discrimination concerning future arthritis onset was established by Youden's index, resulting in 81 subjects (30 %) testing positive for SC ACPA, whereof 45 (56 %) progressed to arthritis. Among those testing negative (n = 185), significantly fewer progressed (n = 55, 30 %; p &lt; 0.001). This cutoff was then tested in the previously studied at-risk cohort (n = 82), revealing similar prognostic performance in both cohorts (sensitivity 45 % and 41 %; specificity 78 % and 81 %). We conclude that serum SC ACPA testing is of potential clinical value in symptomatic at-risk subjects and strengthens the mucosal association in RA development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immune responses to infection and autoimmune diseases in the UK biobank 英国生物银行对感染和自身免疫性疾病的免疫反应
IF 3.6 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100315
Choa Yun , Dongwon Yoon , Sun Young Jung , Moonsuk Kim , May A. Beydoun , Lenore Launer , Minkyo Song

Background

Infections may trigger autoimmunity, but large-scale studies on antibodies to infections and their associations with autoimmune diseases are limited. We aim to better understand the etiologic role of infection.

Methods

We analyzed 9429 UK Biobank participants for 45 antibody responses to 20 pathogens. Association between seropositivity and autoimmune diseases was assessed with logistic regression for prevalence and Cox regression for incidence, applying Bonferroni correction. 49 autoimmune diseases were ascertained via International Classification of Diseases codes and self-reported diagnoses, of which 14 were analyzed.

Results

At baseline, 671 (7.1 %, 58 % female) had at least one autoimmune disease. In males, HSV-1 seropositivity was linked to lower odds of rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease (odds ratio 0.29 [95 % CI 0.12–0.68]), at Bonferroni significance. At nominal significance (p < 0.05), eight associations were observed—positive: HHV-6B–type 1 diabetes, H. pylori–sarcoidosis, HPV-18–type 1 diabetes, JCV–psoriasis; inverse: T. gondii–celiac disease, H. pylori–Crohn’s disease, HSV-1–multiple sclerosis, HHV-7–rheumatoid arthritis. Of 8758 autoimmune disease-free individuals, 627 developed autoimmune diseases. In females, seropositivity to HPV-18 was associated with rheumatoid arthritis (hazard ratio 2.26 [95 % CI 1.34–3.82]), at Bonferroni significance. HRs for 3 nominal seropositivity/autoimmune disease associations (1 inverse, 2 positive) ranged from 0.42 [95 % CI 0.21–0.87] (HHV-6B/vasculitis) to 3.62 [95 % CI 1.29–10.12] (C. trachomatis/psoriasis) in both sexes.

Conclusions

This study examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between antibodies to infectious agents and autoimmune diseases. Inverse associations may suggest infections could train the immune system or reflect altered host immunity, while positive associations indicate potential autoimmune triggers. These findings enhance understanding of autoimmune disease etiology and provide a foundation for future mechanistic studies and hypothesis-driven research.
感染可能引发自身免疫,但对感染抗体及其与自身免疫性疾病的关联的大规模研究是有限的。我们的目标是更好地了解感染的病因学作用。方法对9429名UK Biobank参与者进行20种病原菌45种抗体应答分析。血清阳性与自身免疫性疾病之间的关系采用流行率的logistic回归和发生率的Cox回归进行评估,并应用Bonferroni校正。通过国际疾病分类代码和自我报告诊断确定了49种自身免疫性疾病,并对其中14种进行了分析。结果基线时,671例(7.1%,58%为女性)至少有一种自身免疫性疾病。在男性中,HSV-1血清阳性与风湿热/风湿性心脏病的发生率较低相关(优势比0.29 [95% CI 0.12-0.68]),具有Bonferroni显著性。在名义意义上(p < 0.05), 8个相关性观察到阳性:hhv - 6b型1型糖尿病,幽门螺杆菌结节病,hpv -18型1型糖尿病,jcv -牛皮癣;逆:弓形虫-乳糜泻,幽门螺杆菌-克罗恩病,单纯疱疹病毒-1多发性硬化,单纯疱疹病毒-7类风湿性关节炎。在8758名无自身免疫性疾病的个体中,627人患上了自身免疫性疾病。在女性中,HPV-18血清阳性与类风湿关节炎相关(危险比2.26 [95% CI 1.34-3.82]),具有Bonferroni显著性。3种名义血清阳性/自身免疫性疾病相关(1例阴性,2例阳性)的hr在两性中范围从0.42 [95% CI 0.21-0.87] (HHV-6B/血管炎)到3.62 [95% CI 1.29-10.12](沙眼衣原体/牛皮癣)。结论:本研究探讨了传染性病原体抗体与自身免疫性疾病之间的横断面和前瞻性关联。负相关可能表明感染可能训练免疫系统或反映宿主免疫改变,而正相关表明潜在的自身免疫触发因素。这些发现增强了对自身免疫性疾病病因学的理解,并为未来的机制研究和假设驱动的研究提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Short-chain fatty acids from gut microbiota restore Th17/Treg balance in rheumatoid arthritis: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential 来自肠道菌群的短链脂肪酸恢复类风湿关节炎Th17/Treg平衡:机制和治疗潜力
IF 3.6 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100316
Aimei Pang , Shuangshuang Pu , Yinghui Pan , Ning Huang , Dake Li
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Dysregulation of the Th17/Treg balance is a key immunological hallmark of RA. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in maintaining immune homeostasis. This review systematically elucidates how SCFAs modulate the Th17/Treg equilibrium through three synergistic mechanisms: (1) metabolic reprogramming via AMPK/mTOR signaling, (2) epigenetic regulation by inhibiting HDAC, and (3) modulation of cytokine cascades. We integrate preclinical and clinical evidence showing that SCFAs reduce synovial inflammation by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, resulting in a 70 % decrease in IL-1β levels, while enhancing Treg suppressive function with a threefold increase in IL-10. Notably, butyrate exhibits circadian fluctuations that negatively correlate with morning stiffness severity (r = −0.82, p < 0.01), suggesting novel chronotherapeutic opportunities. Therapeutically, we evaluate promising microbiota-targeted strategies including high-fiber diets (which increase butyrate levels by 240 % and reduce Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) by 1.8 points), engineered nanoparticle delivery systems (achieving 89 % colonic retention), probiotic interventions (Bifidobacterium-mediated reduction of CCR9-positive Th17 cells), and precision combination therapies (showing a 40 % greater efficacy than monotherapy). Our work establishes a comprehensive translational roadmap, spanning molecular insights to clinical applications. We propose microbiome-guided personalized medicine as a paradigm shift in RA management, supported by the first systematic integration of multi-omics methods-metabolomics, single-cell sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics-to decode the gut-joint axis and identify actionable therapeutic targets for this refractory autoimmune condition.
类风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种以滑膜炎症和关节破坏为特征的慢性自身免疫性疾病。Th17/Treg平衡失调是RA的关键免疫学标志。新出现的证据强调了肠道微生物来源的短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)在维持免疫稳态中的关键作用。本综述系统阐述了SCFAs如何通过三种协同机制调节Th17/Treg平衡:(1)通过AMPK/mTOR信号通路进行代谢重编程,(2)通过抑制HDAC进行表观遗传调控,以及(3)调节细胞因子级联反应。我们综合临床前和临床证据表明,SCFAs通过抑制NLRP3炎性体激活来减少滑膜炎症,导致IL-1β水平降低70%,同时通过将IL-10增加三倍来增强Treg抑制功能。值得注意的是,丁酸盐表现出昼夜节律波动与晨僵严重程度负相关(r = - 0.82, p < 0.01),这表明有新的时间治疗机会。在治疗方面,我们评估了有希望的针对微生物群的策略,包括高纤维饮食(将丁酸盐水平提高240%,将疾病活动评分28 (DAS28)降低1.8分),工程纳米颗粒递送系统(实现89%的结肠保留),益生菌干预(双歧杆菌介导的ccr9阳性Th17细胞减少),以及精确的联合治疗(显示比单一治疗效率高40%)。我们的工作建立了一个全面的转化路线图,跨越分子的见解到临床应用。我们提出以微生物组为指导的个体化医学作为RA管理的范式转变,在多组学方法(代谢组学、单细胞测序和空间转录组学)的首次系统整合的支持下,解码肠道关节轴并确定这种难治性自身免疫性疾病的可行治疗靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Cell-specific epigenome-wide DNA methylation in peripheral CD4(+) lymphocytes from patients with primary biliary cholangitis 原发性胆管炎患者外周血CD4(+)淋巴细胞的细胞特异性表观基因组DNA甲基化
IF 3.6 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100314
Pinelopi Arvaniti , Kalliopi Zachou , Aggeliki Lyberopoulou , Eirini Sevdali , Stella Gabeta , Matthaios Speletas , Yves Renaudineau , George N. Dalekos

Background/aims

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic autoimmune liver disease, triggered by a complex interplay between genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors. We investigated the methylation profile of peripheral CD4(+) lymphocytes from PBC patients compared to healthy controls (HC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients, to elucidate gene specific epigenetic modifications that contribute to PBC pathogenesis, as similar data are limited.

Methods

CD4(+) lymphocytes were isolated from 8 PBC treatment-naïve patients, 9 HC and 10 AIH patients at diagnosis by ROBOSEP platform. Whole genome methylation analysis was performed by 850k array of Illumina. Candidate genes’ transcriptional expression was quantified by RT-PCR.

Results

Comparison between PBC patients and HC, revealed 1016 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) on autosomal chromosomes and 1203 DMPs on X chromosome (>98 % hypermethylated), corresponding to 695 and 322 genes, respectively (p < 0.05). Hypermethylation mainly affected pathways of immune cells differentiation and signalling (CAMTA1, PRKARB, LNC01993, TLR9). Methylation analysis between PBC and AIH revealed >5000 DMPs (98 % hypermethylated in PBC) corresponding to >4000 genes. Pathway analysis retrieved an enrichment of “cytokine” and “interleukin” signalling (C1GTNF3, SMAD3). Analysis of differentially methylated regions showed enrichment on gene promoters and hypermethylation of IFN-regulated genes (IFNGR2, TICAM2) in PBC patients. Genes expression at the transcriptional level showed over-expression of IFNGR2 in PBC patients.

Conclusions

Hypermethylation characterizes most genes of peripheral CD4(+) lymphocytes in PBC. The epigenetic modifications mainly affect pathways of immunological responses. The significant number of X chromosome located DMPs, further supports the role of sex in PBC pathogenesis.
背景/目的原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)是一种慢性胆汁淤积性自身免疫性肝病,由遗传、环境和表观遗传因素复杂的相互作用引发。与健康对照(HC)和自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)患者相比,我们研究了PBC患者外周血CD4(+)淋巴细胞的甲基化谱,以阐明导致PBC发病的基因特异性表观遗传修饰,因为类似数据有限。方法采用ROBOSEP平台分离8例PBC treatment-naïve患者、9例HC患者和10例AIH患者的scd4(+)淋巴细胞。全基因组甲基化分析采用Illumina 850k阵列进行。采用RT-PCR定量检测候选基因的转录表达。结果PBC患者与HC患者在常染色体上发现1016个差异甲基化位点(dmp),在X染色体上发现1203个差异甲基化位点(>; 98%高甲基化),分别对应695个和322个基因(p < 0.05)。高甲基化主要影响免疫细胞分化和信号通路(CAMTA1, PRKARB, LNC01993, TLR9)。PBC和AIH之间的甲基化分析显示,5000个DMPs (PBC中98%高甲基化)对应4000个基因。通路分析获得了“细胞因子”和“白细胞介素”信号(C1GTNF3, SMAD3)的富集。差异甲基化区分析显示PBC患者基因启动子富集,ifn调节基因(IFNGR2, TICAM2)高甲基化。转录水平基因表达显示IFNGR2在PBC患者中过表达。结论PBC患者外周血CD4(+)淋巴细胞大部分基因存在过甲基化。表观遗传修饰主要影响免疫应答途径。大量的X染色体位于dmp,进一步支持性别在PBC发病机制中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Splicing-based biomarkers define a robust multigene classifier for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis 基于剪接的生物标志物为复发缓解型多发性硬化症定义了一个强大的多基因分类器
IF 3.6 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100312
Federica Airi , Valeria Rimoldi , Elvezia Maria Paraboschi , Valentina Pellicanò , Damiano Verda , Giuseppe Liberatore , Claudia Cantoni , Laura Piccio , Alvino Bisecco , Anita Capalbo , Giulia Cardamone , Eduardo Nobile-Orazio , Giulia Soldà , Rosanna Asselta

Background

Alternative splicing (AS) is recognized as a key mechanism in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to construct and validate a multivariate AS-based classifier (MS-Splicing Score, MS-SS) for the discrimination of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients from healthy controls.

Methods

Three AS events (IFNAR2 exon-8 skipping, NFAT5 exon-2 skipping, PRKCA exon-3∗ inclusion) were selected based on functional and literature evidence. Isoforms were quantified via fluorescent-competitive RT-PCR in peripheral blood RNA from two independent cohorts (Italy: 37 RRMS, 50 controls; USA: 29 RRMS, 20 controls). A logistic regression model was trained to derive the MS-SS, followed by ROC analysis.

Results

The MS-SS distinguished RRMS patients from controls in both cohorts (Italy: p = 0.00083, AUC = 0.71, 95 %CI = 0.59–0.82; USA: p = 0.00074, AUC = 0.77, 95 %CI = 0.63–0.90). In the pooled dataset, the score remained significantly elevated in MS (p = 5.9 × 10−6, AUC = 0.72, 95 %CI = 0.64–0.81), and a PCA-based refinement improved classification accuracy, yielding an AUC = 0.87 (95 %CI = 0.81–0.94). At the optimal cutoff (Youden's index), the score achieved a sensitivity of 80 % and specificity of 86 %. Supervised rule-based modeling using a logic-learning machine algorithm identified interpretable splicing thresholds and enabled clinical classification at the individual level.

Conclusion

Our study introduces a novel, robust AS-based classifier for RRMS and proposes a strategy for transcriptome-based biomarker development in neuroimmunology. However, the relatively small sample sizes within each cohort may limit the generalizability of these findings, warranting larger validation studies to confirm the clinical utility of this biomarker.
选择性剪接(AS)被认为是多发性硬化症(MS)的关键机制。我们旨在构建并验证一个基于多变量as的分类器(MS- splicing Score, MS- ss),用于区分复发-缓解型MS (RRMS)患者和健康对照。方法根据功能和文献证据选择3个AS事件(IFNAR2外显子8跳变,NFAT5外显子2跳变,PRKCA外显子3 *包涵)。通过荧光竞争RT-PCR对来自两个独立队列(意大利:37个RRMS, 50个对照;美国:29个RRMS, 20个对照)的外周血RNA中的同种异构体进行定量。采用logistic回归模型推导MS-SS,并进行ROC分析。结果MS-SS将两组RRMS患者与对照组区分开来(意大利:p = 0.00083, AUC = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.59 ~ 0.82;美国:p = 0.00074, AUC = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.63 ~ 0.90)。在合并的数据集中,MS的评分仍然显著提高(p = 5.9 × 10−6,AUC = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.64-0.81),基于pca的改进提高了分类精度,AUC = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.81-0.94)。在最佳截止点(约登指数),该评分的灵敏度为80%,特异性为86%。使用逻辑学习机算法的基于规则的监督建模确定了可解释的剪接阈值,并在个体水平上实现了临床分类。我们的研究引入了一种新的、鲁棒的基于as的RRMS分类器,并提出了一种基于转录组的神经免疫学生物标志物开发策略。然而,每个队列中相对较小的样本量可能会限制这些发现的普遍性,因此需要更大规模的验证研究来确认该生物标志物的临床实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Redefining multiple sclerosis therapy through microbial immunomodulation and epigenetic control 通过微生物免疫调节和表观遗传控制重新定义多发性硬化治疗
IF 3.6 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2025.100313
Shan Xu , Christina James Thomas , Sunilgowda Sunnagatta Nagaraja , Rakesh Kumar , Kamlesh Sawant , Duminduni Hewa Angappulige , Andy Fang Song , Krish Suman , Benjamin Borja , Paul de Figueiredo , Jianxun Song
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by immune-driven demyelination and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. This Review explores the immunological, molecular, and epigenetic underpinnings of MS, emphasizing T and B cell involvement, dysregulated signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-β, Akt, Wnt), and the role of cell death in disease progression. Epigenetic mechanisms—such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, further modulate immune responses. While current therapies broadly suppress immunity, emerging approaches, including engineered bacteria, microbiome-based interventions, and cell therapies, offer targeted immune modulation and neuroprotection. Together, these strategies illuminate a path toward next-generation MS treatments with improved precision and efficacy.
多发性硬化症(MS)是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病,以免疫驱动的脱髓鞘和中枢神经系统的神经变性为特征。本综述探讨了MS的免疫学、分子和表观遗传学基础,强调T和B细胞的参与,信号通路失调(如TGF-β、Akt、Wnt),以及细胞死亡在疾病进展中的作用。表观遗传机制,如DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰,进一步调节免疫反应。虽然目前的治疗方法广泛抑制免疫,但新兴的方法,包括工程细菌,基于微生物组的干预和细胞治疗,提供了靶向免疫调节和神经保护。总之,这些策略为下一代MS治疗指明了一条更精确、更有效的道路。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Translational Autoimmunity
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