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SARS-CoV-2 and thyroid diseases SARS-CoV-2和甲状腺疾病
IF 3.9 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100214
Małgorzata Staruszkiewicz , Anna Pituch-Noworolska , Szymon Skoczen

SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for acute respiratory disease affected other organs leading to co-existence symptoms or complications. Thyroid gland was one of them due to expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the protein facilitating viral binding to the host cells. Moreover, thyroid gland, important for regulation of hormonal network, is extremely sensitive to any changes in homeostasis and metabolism. It was shown, that COVID-19 was associated with induction of thyroid disease or increasing existing functional disturbances or autoimmune process. Thyroid diseases are mainly based on immunological pathomechanism although the relation between immune system and thyroid function is bidirectional e.g. thyroid hormones modulate specific immune responses, including cell-mediated immunity, NK cell activity, the production of antiviral interferon (IFN) and proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes. The effects of COVID-19 and mRNA vaccine on thyroid function and diseases are discussed.

导致急性呼吸道疾病的SARS-CoV-2病毒影响其他器官,导致症状或并发症并存。甲状腺是其中之一,因为它表达血管紧张素转换酶2 (ACE2),一种促进病毒与宿主细胞结合的蛋白质。此外,甲状腺是调节激素网络的重要器官,对体内平衡和代谢的任何变化都极为敏感。研究表明,COVID-19与甲状腺疾病的诱导或现有功能障碍或自身免疫过程的增加有关。尽管免疫系统与甲状腺功能之间的关系是双向的,但甲状腺疾病的发病机制主要基于免疫机制,如甲状腺激素调节特异性免疫反应,包括细胞介导的免疫、NK细胞活性、抗病毒干扰素(IFN)的产生以及T淋巴细胞和b淋巴细胞的增殖。讨论新冠病毒和mRNA疫苗对甲状腺功能和疾病的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Accuracy of generative artificial intelligence models in differential diagnoses of familial Mediterranean fever and deficiency of Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist 生殖人工智能模型在家族性地中海热和白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂缺乏鉴别诊断中的准确性
IF 3.9 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100213
Joshua Pillai , Kathryn Pillai

With the increasing development of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have been utilized to solve problems in natural language processing tasks. More recently, LLMs have shown unique potential in numerous applications within medicine but have been particularly investigated for their ability in clinical reasoning. Although the diagnostic accuracy of LLMs in forming differential diagnoses has been reviewed in general internal medicine applications, much is unknown in autoinflammatory disorders. From the nature of autoinflammatory diseases, forming a differential diagnosis is challenging due to the overlapping symptoms between disorders and even more difficult without genetic screening. In this work, the diagnostic accuracy of the Generative Pre-Trained Transformer Model-4 (GPT-4), GPT-3.5, and Large Language Model Meta AI (LLaMa) were evaluated in clinical vignettes of Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA) and Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). We then compared these models to a control group including one internal medicine physician. It was found that GPT-4 did not significantly differ in correctly identifying DIRA and FMF patients compared to the internist. However, the physician maintained a significantly higher accuracy than GPT-3.5 and LLaMa 2 for either disease. Overall, we explore and discuss the unique potential of LLMs in diagnostics for autoimmune diseases.

随着人工智能的不断发展,大型语言模型(large language models, llm)已被用于解决自然语言处理任务中的问题。最近,法学硕士在医学领域的众多应用中显示出独特的潜力,但他们在临床推理方面的能力也受到了特别的研究。虽然LLMs在形成鉴别诊断中的诊断准确性已经在一般内科应用中得到了回顾,但在自身炎症性疾病中仍有很多未知。从自身炎症性疾病的本质来看,由于疾病之间的症状重叠,形成鉴别诊断是具有挑战性的,如果没有遗传筛查就更加困难。在这项工作中,我们评估了生成预训练变压器模型4 (GPT-4)、GPT-3.5和大型语言模型Meta AI (LLaMa)在白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(DIRA)缺乏症和家族性地中海热(FMF)的诊断准确性。然后,我们将这些模型与包括一名内科医生在内的对照组进行比较。与内科医生相比,GPT-4在正确识别DIRA和FMF患者方面没有显著差异。然而,对于任何一种疾病,医生都保持了比GPT-3.5和LLaMa 2更高的准确性。总之,我们探索和讨论llm在自身免疫性疾病诊断中的独特潜力。
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引用次数: 1
Role of autoantibodies targeting interferon type 1 in COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis 靶向干扰素1型自身抗体在新冠肺炎严重程度中的作用:系统综述和荟萃分析。
IF 3.9 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100219
Abolfazl Akbari , Alireza Hadizadeh , Mahdi Amiri , Neshat Najaf Najafi , Zahra Shahriari , Tannaz Jamialahmadi , Amirhossein Sahebkar

Introduction

Impairment of the type I interferon (IFN–I) signaling pathway is associated with increased severity of COVID-19 disease. Here we have undertaken a systematic review and meta = analysis on the association between the severity of COVID-19 and IFN-1 autoantibodies (AAbs; aIFN-1, aIFN-α, aIFN-ω, and aIFN-β).

Methods

Four databases, including Medline [PubMed], Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, were systematically searched to find papers on the role of aIFN-1 and its subtype AAbs in the severity of COVID-19 infection. Data on the prevalence of aIFN-1, aIFN-α, aIFN-ω, and aIFN-β were pooled using random- or fixed-effects models. Subgroup analysis was performed based on disease severity. Odds ratios (OR) for COVID-19 disease outcome, including length of hospital stay, ICU admission and death, were calculated in relation to positive or negative plasma IFN-1 AAbs.

Results

A total of 33 studies with 13023 patients were included. The overall prevalence of circulating aIFN-1, aIFN-α, and aIFN-ω AAbs was 17.8 % [13.8, 22.8], 7.2 % [4.7, 10.9], and 4.4 % [2.1, 8.6], respectively, and the overall prevalence of neutralizing aIFN-1, aIFN-α, aIFN-ω, and aIFN-β AAbs was 7.1 % [4.9, 10.1], 7.5 % [5.9, 9.5], 8.0 % [5.7, 11.1] and 1.2 % [0.4, 3.5], respectively. Circulating aIFN-α (OR = 4.537 [2.247, 9.158]), neutralizing aIFN-α (O = 17.482 [8.899, 34.342]), and neutralizing aIFN-ω (OR = 12.529 [7.397, 21.222]) were significantly more frequent in critical/severe patients than in moderate/mild patients (p < 0.001 for all). Anti–IFN–1 was more common in male subjects (OR = 2.248 [1.366, 3.699], p = 0.001) and two COVID-19 outcomes including ICU admission (OR = 2.485 [1.409, 4.385], p = 0.002) and death (OR = 2.593 [1.199, 5.604], p = 0.015) occurred more frequently in patients with positive anti–IFN–1.

Conclusion: aIFN-1 and its subtypes AAbs are associated with severe and critical COVID-19 disease and may be a predictive marker for a poor prognosis, particularly in men.

简介:I型干扰素(IFN-I)信号通路的损伤与新冠肺炎疾病的严重程度增加有关。在此,我们对新冠肺炎严重程度与IFN-1自身抗体(AAbs;aIFN-1、aIFN-α、aIFA-ω和aIFN-β)之间的关系进行了系统回顾和meta分析。方法:四个数据库,包括Medline[PubMed]、Embase、Web of Science和Scopus,系统检索了关于aIFN-1及其亚型AAbs在新冠肺炎感染严重程度中的作用的论文。关于aIFN-1、aIFN-α、aIFN-ω和aIFN-β患病率的数据使用随机或固定效应模型进行汇总。根据疾病严重程度进行亚组分析。计算新冠肺炎疾病结果的比值比(OR),包括住院时间、入住ICU和死亡,与血浆IFN-1 AAbs阳性或阴性相关。结果:共纳入33项研究,涉及13023名患者。循环aIFN-1、aIFN-α和aIFN-ωAAbs的总患病率分别为17.8%[13.8,22.8]、7.2%[4.7,109]和4.4%[2.1,8.6],中和性aIFN-1、aIFN-α、aIFM-ω和aIFN-βAAbs的总体患病率分别是7.1%[4.9,110.1]、7.5%[5.9,9.5]、8.0%[5.7,111]和1.2%[0.4,3.5]。循环aIFN-α(OR=4.537[2.247,9.158])、中和aIFN-β(O=17.482[8.899,34.342])和中和aIFNω(OR=12.529[7.397,22.222])在危重/重症患者中的发生率明显高于中轻度患者(p
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引用次数: 0
A novel web-based online nomogram to predict advanced liver fibrosis in patients with autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome 一种新的基于网络的在线图预测自身免疫性肝炎-原发性胆管炎重叠综合征患者的晚期肝纤维化
IF 3.9 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100215
Zhiyi Zhang , Jian Wang , Yun Chen , Yiguang Li , Li Zhu , Huali Wang , Yilin Liu , Jiacheng Liu , Shengxia Yin , Xin Tong , Xiaomin Yan , Yuxin Chen , Chuanwu Zhu , Jie Li , Yuanwang Qiu , Chao Wu , Rui Huang

Background

Patients with autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis (AIH-PBC) overlap syndrome have a worse prognosis compared to AIH or PBC alone and accurately predicting the severity and dynamically monitoring the progression of disease are therefore essential. We aimed to develop a nomogram-based model to predict advanced liver fibrosis in patients with AIH-PBC overlap syndrome.

Methods

A total of 121 patients with AIH-PBC overlap syndrome were retrospectively included and randomly assigned to a development set and a validation set. Backward stepwise regression's best model with the lowest AIC was employed to create a nomogram. Diagnose accuracy was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC), calibration analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA) and was compared with aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio (APRI) and fibrosis index based on four factors-4 (FIB-4) score.

Results

The median age of patients was 53.0 years (IQR: 46.0–63.0), and female patients accounted for 95.0 %. Platelets, globulin, total bilirubin, and prothrombin time were associated with advanced fibrosis (≥S3) and used to construct an AIH-PBC overlap syndrome fibrosis (APOSF)-nomogram (available online at https://ndth-zzy.shinyapps.io/APOSF-nomogram/). The AUROCs of APOSF-nomogram were 0.845 (95 % CI: 0.754–0.936) and 0.843 (95 % CI: 0.705–0.982) in development set and validation set respectively, which was significantly better than APRI and FIB-4. Calibration revealed that the estimated risk fits well with biopsy-proven observation. DCA outperformed APRI and FIB4 in terms of net benefit, demonstrating clinical utility.

Conclusion

This novel non-invasive web-based online APOSF-nomogram provided a convenient tool for identifying advanced fibrosis in patients with AIH-PBC overlap syndrome. Further prospective, multicenter studies with large sample size are necessary to validate the applicability of APOSF-nomogram.

背景:自身免疫性肝炎-原发性胆管炎(AIH-PBC)重叠综合征患者的预后比单独的AIH或PBC更差,因此准确预测严重程度和动态监测疾病进展至关重要。我们旨在开发一种基于nomogram模型来预测AIH-PBC重叠综合征患者的晚期肝纤维化。方法回顾性分析121例AIH-PBC重叠综合征患者,随机分为发展组和验证组。采用逆向逐步回归中AIC最小的最佳模型生成nomogram。采用受试者操作者特征曲线下面积(AUROC)、校准分析和决策曲线分析(DCA)评估诊断准确性,并与天门冬氨酸转肽酶血小板比(APRI)和基于四因素-4 (FIB-4)评分的纤维化指数进行比较。结果患者中位年龄为53.0岁(IQR: 46.0 ~ 63.0),女性患者占95.0%。血小板、球蛋白、总胆红素和凝血酶原时间与晚期纤维化(≥S3)相关,并用于构建AIH-PBC重叠综合征纤维化(APOSF)-图(可在https://ndth-zzy.shinyapps.io/APOSF-nomogram/在线获取)。APOSF-nomogram在开发集和验证集的auroc分别为0.845 (95% CI: 0.754 ~ 0.936)和0.843 (95% CI: 0.705 ~ 0.982),显著优于APRI和FIB-4。校正显示,估计的风险与活检证实的观察结果吻合得很好。就净收益而言,DCA优于APRI和FIB4,证明了临床实用性。结论:这种基于网络的新型无创在线aposf图为AIH-PBC重叠综合征患者的晚期纤维化提供了一种方便的识别工具。需要进一步的前瞻性、多中心、大样本量的研究来验证APOSF-nomogram的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
suPAR and WT1 modify the adhesion of podocytes and are related to proteinuria in class IV lupus nephritis suPAR和WT1改变足细胞的粘附,并与IV类狼疮性肾炎的蛋白尿有关。
IF 3.9 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100216
Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia , Felipe-de-Jesús Torres-Del-muro , Sara-Paola Hernández-Martínez , Esperanza Avalos-Díaz , Rafael Herrera-Esparza

Introduction

Lupus nephritis (LN) affects up to 60 % of the patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and renal damage progression is associated with proteinuria, caused in part by the integrity of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and by podocyte injury. The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) have been related to podocyte effacement and consequently with proteinuria which raises questions about its pathogenic role in LN.

Objective

Define whether suPAR levels and WT1 expression influence in podocyte anchorage destabilization in LN class IV.

Materials and methods

This is a cross-sectional study of cases and controls. We studied patients with SLE without renal involvement (n = 12), SLE and LN class IV with proteinuria ≤0.5 g/24 h (n = 12), LN class IV with proteinuria ≥0.5 g/24 h (n = 12) and compared them with renal tissue control (CR) (n = 12) and control sera (CS) (n = 12). The CR was integrated by cadaveric samples without SLE or renal involvement and the CS was integrated by healthy participants. The expression and cellular localization of WT1, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), ac-α-tubulin, vimentin, and β3-integrin was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The concentration of suPAR in serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

In patients with LN, the activation of anchoring proteins was increased, such as podocyte β3-integrin, as well as the acetylation of alpha-acetyl-tubulin and uPAR, in contrast to the decrease in vimentin; interestingly, the cellular localization of WT1 was cytoplasmic and the number of podocytes per glomerulus decreased. The concentrations of suPAR was increased in patients with LN.

Conclusion

The destabilization of podocyte anchorage modulated by β3-integrin activation, and tubulin acetylation, associated with decreased WT1 cytoplasmic expression, and increased suPAR levels could be involved in kidney damage in patients with LN class IV.

引言:高达60%的系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者患有狼疮性肾炎(LN),肾损伤进展与蛋白尿有关,部分原因是肾小球基底膜(GBM)的完整性和足细胞损伤。可溶性尿激酶纤溶酶原激活物受体(suPAR)和肾母细胞瘤1(WT1)与足细胞消失有关,因此与蛋白尿有关,这引发了人们对其在LN中的致病作用的质疑。目的:确定suPAR水平和WT1表达是否影响LN IV级足细胞锚定不稳定。材料和方法:这是一项病例和对照的横断面研究。我们研究了无肾脏受累的SLE患者(n=12)、蛋白尿≤0.5 g/24 h的SLE和LN IV级患者(n=2)、蛋白蛋白尿≥0.5 g/24小时的LN IV级病例(n=12。CR由没有SLE或肾脏受累的尸体样本整合,CS由健康参与者整合。免疫组织化学(IHC)检测WT1、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(uPAR)、ac-α-微管蛋白、波形蛋白和β3-整合素的表达和细胞定位。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清中suPAR的浓度。结果:LN患者的锚定蛋白如足细胞β3-整合素的激活增加,α-乙酰微管蛋白和uPAR的乙酰化增加,而波形蛋白的激活减少;有趣的是,WT1的细胞定位是细胞质的,每个肾小球的足细胞数量减少。LN患者的suPAR浓度升高。结论:由β3-整合素激活和微管蛋白乙酰化调节的足细胞锚定的不稳定,与WT1细胞质表达的降低和suPAR水平的升高有关,可能与LN IV级患者的肾损伤有关。
{"title":"suPAR and WT1 modify the adhesion of podocytes and are related to proteinuria in class IV lupus nephritis","authors":"Juan-José Bollain-y-Goytia ,&nbsp;Felipe-de-Jesús Torres-Del-muro ,&nbsp;Sara-Paola Hernández-Martínez ,&nbsp;Esperanza Avalos-Díaz ,&nbsp;Rafael Herrera-Esparza","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Lupus nephritis (LN) affects up to 60 % of the patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and renal damage progression is associated with proteinuria, caused in part by the integrity of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and by podocyte injury. The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) have been related to podocyte effacement and consequently with proteinuria which raises questions about its pathogenic role in LN.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Define whether suPAR levels and WT1 expression influence in podocyte anchorage destabilization in LN class IV.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This is a cross-sectional study of cases and controls. We studied patients with SLE without renal involvement (n = 12), SLE and LN class IV with proteinuria ≤0.5 g/24 h (n = 12), LN class IV with proteinuria ≥0.5 g/24 h (n = 12) and compared them with renal tissue control (CR) (n = 12) and control sera (CS) (n = 12). The CR was integrated by cadaveric samples without SLE or renal involvement and the CS was integrated by healthy participants. The expression and cellular localization of WT1, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), ac-α-tubulin, vimentin, and β3-integrin was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The concentration of suPAR in serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In patients with LN, the activation of anchoring proteins was increased, such as podocyte β3-integrin, as well as the acetylation of alpha-acetyl-tubulin and uPAR, in contrast to the decrease in vimentin; interestingly, the cellular localization of WT1 was cytoplasmic and the number of podocytes per glomerulus decreased. The concentrations of suPAR was increased in patients with LN.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The destabilization of podocyte anchorage modulated by β3-integrin activation, and tubulin acetylation, associated with decreased WT1 cytoplasmic expression, and increased suPAR levels could be involved in kidney damage in patients with LN class IV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anti-adenylate kinase 5 encephalitis: Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of this rare entity 抗腺苷酸激酶5脑炎:这种罕见疾病的临床特征、诊断和治疗
IF 3.9 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100218
Er-Chuang Li , Qi-Lun Lai , Meng-Ting Cai , Gao-Li Fang , Chun-Hong Shen , Mei-Ping Ding , Yin-Xi Zhang

The spectrum and understanding of antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis (AE) have expanded over the past few decades. In 2007, a rare subtype of AE known as anti-adenylate kinase 5 (AK5) encephalitis, was first reported. This disease is more common in elderly males, with limbic encephalitis as the core phenotype (characterized by subacute anterograde amnesia, sometimes with psychiatric symptoms, and rarely with seizures). Brain magnetic resonance imaging typically demonstrated initial temporal lobe T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities, and subsequent atrophy. No concomitant tumors have been found yet. AK5 antibody, targeting the intracellular antigen, is a biomarker for a non-paraneoplastic T-cell autoimmunity response, and can be detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid using tissue-based and cell-based assays. Cytotoxic T-cell-mediating neuronal injury and loss play a pivotal role in the immunopathogenesis of anti-AK5 encephalitis. Patients mostly show poor response to immunotherapy and thus a poor prognosis in the long run. Herein, we review the literature and provide updated knowledge of this less-known entity, focusing on clinical characteristics, paraclinical findings, diagnosis process, and therapeutic approaches.

在过去的几十年里,抗体阳性自身免疫性脑炎(AE)的范围和理解已经扩大。2007年,一种罕见的AE亚型——抗腺苷酸激酶5 (AK5)脑炎首次被报道。此病常见于老年男性,以边缘脑炎为核心表型(以亚急性顺行性遗忘为特征,有时伴有精神症状,很少伴有癫痫发作)。脑磁共振成像典型表现为初始颞叶T2/液体衰减反转恢复高强度,随后萎缩。尚未发现伴发肿瘤。针对细胞内抗原的AK5抗体是非副肿瘤t细胞自身免疫反应的生物标志物,可以通过基于组织和基于细胞的检测在血清和脑脊液中检测到。细胞毒性t细胞介导的神经元损伤和丢失在抗ak5脑炎的免疫发病机制中起关键作用。患者大多对免疫治疗反应差,因此长期预后差。在此,我们回顾了文献并提供了这一鲜为人知的实体的最新知识,重点是临床特征,临床旁发现,诊断过程和治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Are serum C3 levels or kidney C3 deposits useful markers for predicting outcomes in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis? 血清C3水平或肾脏C3沉积是预测anca相关性血管炎患者预后的有用指标吗?
IF 3.9 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100217
Alexis Cassard , Clément Kounde , Laurence Bouillet , Tiphaine Goulenok , David Ribes , Rafik Mesbah , Vincent Langlois , Audrey Delas , Françoise Fortenfant , Sébastien Humbert , Céline Lebas , Julie Belliere , Philippe Kerschen , Dominique Chauveau , Magali Colombat , Stanislas Faguer

Introduction

Complement activation emerged as a key actor of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis (AAV). Whether serum levels of C3 (sC3) or C3 kidney deposition may help to refine the prognosis of AAV remains elusive.

Methods

Retrospective multicentric study that included 154 patients with a first flare of AAV and sC3 (n = 143) or C3 kidney staining (n = 95) available at diagnosis. Clinical presentations, kidney pathology, and survival of patients with normal or low sC3 were compared using univariate analyses, Kaplan-Maier curves with log-rank comparison, or multivariate Cox’ model, as appropriate.

Results

20 patients (14 %) had low sC3. sC3 (as bivariate low/normal or as a continuous variable) was associated with 5-year mortality but not with kidney survival. C3 kidney deposition (C3+) was identified in 23 patients who were characterized by more frequent chronic hypertension and lower eGFR at presentation (p = 0.04). C3+ correlated with IgG, IgM, C1q deposition (p = 0.07, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Chronicity and activity scores were similar in C3+ and C3- patients. Among C3+ patients, those with C3 deposition ≥2+ had lower eGFR at presentation (p = 0.006) and were more frequently classified as sclerotic using the Berden classification (p = 0.04) and as ‘high risk’ using the Brix score (p = 0.03). However, eGFR improvement following induction regimen was similar between C3+ and C3- patients, and kidney survival at 5 years was similar.

Conclusions

Correlation of sC3 with mortality confirms mechanistic links between complement pathways and AAV, but the lack of clear predictive sC3 cut-off and the similar kidney outcome irrespective of C3 deposition precludes their use as biomarkers of AAV outcomes and response to treatment.

补体活化是抗中性粒细胞细胞质抗体相关血管炎(AAV)的关键因素。血清C3 (sC3)或C3肾沉积水平是否有助于改善AAV的预后尚不明确。方法回顾性多中心研究,纳入154例诊断时首次出现AAV和sC3 (n = 143)或C3肾脏染色(n = 95)的患者。临床表现、肾脏病理和正常或低sC3患者的生存比较采用单因素分析、Kaplan-Maier曲线和log-rank比较,或多因素Cox模型(视情况而定)。结果低sC3患者20例(14%)。sC3(作为双变量低/正常或作为连续变量)与5年死亡率相关,但与肾脏生存无关。在23例以更频繁的慢性高血压和较低的eGFR为特征的患者中发现C3肾沉积(C3+) (p = 0.04)。C3+与IgG、IgM、C1q沉积相关(p = 0.07, p <0.0001和p = 0.003)。C3+和C3-患者的慢性和活动性评分相似。在C3+患者中,C3沉积≥2+的患者在就诊时eGFR较低(p = 0.006),使用Berden分级(p = 0.04)和Brix评分(p = 0.03)更常被分类为硬化。然而,诱导方案后eGFR改善在C3+和C3-患者之间相似,5年肾脏生存期相似。结论:sC3与死亡率的相关性证实了补体途径与AAV之间的机制联系,但缺乏明确的预测sC3截止点和与C3沉积无关的类似肾脏结果,阻碍了它们作为AAV结局和治疗反应的生物标志物的使用。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of COVID-19 and vaccination campaign on 1,755 systemic sclerosis patients during first three years of pandemic. Possible risks for individuals with impaired immunoreactivity to vaccine, ongoing immunomodulating treatments, and disease-related lung involvement during the next pandemic phase COVID-19和疫苗接种运动对大流行前三年1755名系统性硬化症患者的影响在下一个大流行阶段,对疫苗免疫反应性受损、正在进行的免疫调节治疗和疾病相关肺部受累的个体可能面临的风险
IF 3.9 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100212
Clodoveo Ferri , Vincenzo Raimondo , Dilia Giuggioli , Laura Gragnani , Serena Lorini , Lorenzo Dagna , Silvia Laura Bosello , Rosario Foti , Valeria Riccieri , Serena Guiducci , Giovanna Cuomo , Antonio Tavoni , Rossella De Angelis , Fabio Cacciapaglia , Elisabetta Zanatta , Franco Cozzi , Giuseppe Murdaca , Ilaria Cavazzana , Nicoletta Romeo , Veronica Codullo , Alessandro Antonelli
<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The impact of COVID-19 pandemic represents a serious challenge for ‘frail’ patients' populations with inflammatory autoimmune systemic diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). We investigated the prevalence and severity of COVID-19, as well the effects of COVID-19 vaccination campaign in a large series of SSc patients followed for the entire period (first 38 months) of pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and method</h3><p>This prospective survey study included 1755 unselected SSc patients (186 M, 1,569F; mean age 58.7 ± 13.4SD years, mean disease duration 8.8 ± 7.3SD years) recruited in part by telephone survey at 37 referral centers from February 2020 to April 2023. The following parameters were carefully evaluated: i. demographic, clinical, serological, and therapeutical features; ii. prevalence and severity of COVID-19; and iii. safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of COVID-19 recorded during the whole pandemic was significantly higher compared to Italian general population (47.3 % vs 43.3 %, p < 0.000), as well the COVID-19-related mortality (1.91 % vs 0.72 %, p < 0.001). As regards the putative prognostic factors of worse outcome, COVID-19 positive patients with SSc-related interstitial lung involvement showed significantly higher percentage of COVID-19-related hospitalization compared to those without (5.85 % vs 1.73 %; p < 0.0001), as well as of mortality rate (2.01 % vs 0.4 %; p = 0.002). Over half of patients (56.3 %) received the first two plus one booster dose of vaccine; while a fourth dose was administered to 35.6 %, and only few of them (1.99 %) had five or more doses of vaccine. Of note, an impaired seroconversion was recorded in 25.6 % of individuals after the first 2 doses of vaccine, and in 8.4 % of patients also after the booster dose. Furthermore, the absence of T-cell immunoreactivity was observed in 3/7 patients tested by QuantiFERON® SARSCoV-2 Starter Set (Qiagen). The efficacy of vaccines, evaluated by comparing the COVID-19-related death rate recorded during pre- and post-vaccination pandemic periods, revealed a quite stable outcome in SSc patients <em>(</em>death rate from 2.54 % to 1.76 %; p = ns), despite the significant drop of mortality observed in the Italian general population (from 2.95 % to 0.29 %; p < 0.0001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>An increased COVID-19 prevalence and mortality rate was recorded in SSc patients; moreover, the efficacy of vaccines in term of improved outcomes was less evident in SSc compared to Italian general population. This discrepancy might be explained by concomitant adverse prognostic factors: increased rate of non-responders to vaccine in SSc series, low percentage of individuals with four or more doses of vaccine, ongoing immunomodulating treatments, disease-related interstitial lung disease, and/or reduced preventive measures in the second half of pandemic. A c
COVID-19大流行的影响对患有炎症性自身免疫性全身性疾病(如系统性硬化症(SSc))的“虚弱”患者群体构成了严峻挑战。我们调查了COVID-19的流行程度和严重程度,以及在大流行期间(前38个月)随访的大量SSc患者中开展COVID-19疫苗接种活动的效果。患者和方法本前瞻性调查研究纳入了1755例未选择的SSc患者(186例M, 1569例f;平均年龄58.7±13.4SD年,平均病程8.8±7.3SD年),部分通过电话调查于2020年2月至2023年4月在37个转诊中心招募。仔细评估以下参数:1 .人口学、临床、血清学和治疗特征;2COVID-19的流行和严重程度;ⅲ。COVID-19疫苗的安全性、免疫原性和有效性。结果在整个大流行期间记录的COVID-19患病率明显高于意大利普通人群(47.3% vs 43.3%, p <0.000),以及与covid -19相关的死亡率(1.91%对0.72%,p <0.001)。至于预后较差的推定预后因素,伴有ssc相关间质性肺受损伤的COVID-19阳性患者的COVID-19相关住院率明显高于未伴有ssc相关肺间质性肺受损伤的患者(5.85% vs 1.73%;p & lt;0.0001),以及死亡率(2.01% vs 0.4%;p = 0.002)。超过一半的患者(56.3%)接种了前两剂加一剂加强剂疫苗;而35.6%的人接种了第四剂疫苗,其中只有少数人(1.99%)接种了五剂或更多剂疫苗。值得注意的是,25.6%的人在接种前两剂疫苗后血清转化受损,8.4%的患者在接种加强剂后也出现血清转化受损。此外,在QuantiFERON®SARSCoV-2 Starter Set (Qiagen)检测的患者中,有3/7观察到t细胞免疫反应性缺失。通过比较疫苗接种前和接种后大流行期间记录的covid -19相关死亡率来评估疫苗的有效性,结果显示SSc患者的结果相当稳定(死亡率从2.54%降至1.76%;p = ns),尽管意大利普通人群的死亡率显著下降(从2.95%降至0.29%;p & lt;0.0001)。结论SSc患者的COVID-19患病率和死亡率均有升高;此外,与意大利普通人群相比,疫苗在SSc中改善结果的功效不太明显。这种差异可能是由伴随的不良预后因素解释的:SSc系列疫苗无应答率增加,接种四剂或四剂以上疫苗的个体百分比低,正在进行的免疫调节治疗,疾病相关的间质性肺疾病,和/或大流行后半期预防措施减少。强烈建议在这一虚弱患者群体大流行的近期过程中,仔细监测对COVID-19疫苗的反应,并制定适当的预防/治疗战略。
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 and vaccination campaign on 1,755 systemic sclerosis patients during first three years of pandemic. Possible risks for individuals with impaired immunoreactivity to vaccine, ongoing immunomodulating treatments, and disease-related lung involvement during the next pandemic phase","authors":"Clodoveo Ferri ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Raimondo ,&nbsp;Dilia Giuggioli ,&nbsp;Laura Gragnani ,&nbsp;Serena Lorini ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Dagna ,&nbsp;Silvia Laura Bosello ,&nbsp;Rosario Foti ,&nbsp;Valeria Riccieri ,&nbsp;Serena Guiducci ,&nbsp;Giovanna Cuomo ,&nbsp;Antonio Tavoni ,&nbsp;Rossella De Angelis ,&nbsp;Fabio Cacciapaglia ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Zanatta ,&nbsp;Franco Cozzi ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Murdaca ,&nbsp;Ilaria Cavazzana ,&nbsp;Nicoletta Romeo ,&nbsp;Veronica Codullo ,&nbsp;Alessandro Antonelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100212","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The impact of COVID-19 pandemic represents a serious challenge for ‘frail’ patients' populations with inflammatory autoimmune systemic diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). We investigated the prevalence and severity of COVID-19, as well the effects of COVID-19 vaccination campaign in a large series of SSc patients followed for the entire period (first 38 months) of pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Patients and method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This prospective survey study included 1755 unselected SSc patients (186 M, 1,569F; mean age 58.7 ± 13.4SD years, mean disease duration 8.8 ± 7.3SD years) recruited in part by telephone survey at 37 referral centers from February 2020 to April 2023. The following parameters were carefully evaluated: i. demographic, clinical, serological, and therapeutical features; ii. prevalence and severity of COVID-19; and iii. safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The prevalence of COVID-19 recorded during the whole pandemic was significantly higher compared to Italian general population (47.3 % vs 43.3 %, p &lt; 0.000), as well the COVID-19-related mortality (1.91 % vs 0.72 %, p &lt; 0.001). As regards the putative prognostic factors of worse outcome, COVID-19 positive patients with SSc-related interstitial lung involvement showed significantly higher percentage of COVID-19-related hospitalization compared to those without (5.85 % vs 1.73 %; p &lt; 0.0001), as well as of mortality rate (2.01 % vs 0.4 %; p = 0.002). Over half of patients (56.3 %) received the first two plus one booster dose of vaccine; while a fourth dose was administered to 35.6 %, and only few of them (1.99 %) had five or more doses of vaccine. Of note, an impaired seroconversion was recorded in 25.6 % of individuals after the first 2 doses of vaccine, and in 8.4 % of patients also after the booster dose. Furthermore, the absence of T-cell immunoreactivity was observed in 3/7 patients tested by QuantiFERON® SARSCoV-2 Starter Set (Qiagen). The efficacy of vaccines, evaluated by comparing the COVID-19-related death rate recorded during pre- and post-vaccination pandemic periods, revealed a quite stable outcome in SSc patients &lt;em&gt;(&lt;/em&gt;death rate from 2.54 % to 1.76 %; p = ns), despite the significant drop of mortality observed in the Italian general population (from 2.95 % to 0.29 %; p &lt; 0.0001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;An increased COVID-19 prevalence and mortality rate was recorded in SSc patients; moreover, the efficacy of vaccines in term of improved outcomes was less evident in SSc compared to Italian general population. This discrepancy might be explained by concomitant adverse prognostic factors: increased rate of non-responders to vaccine in SSc series, low percentage of individuals with four or more doses of vaccine, ongoing immunomodulating treatments, disease-related interstitial lung disease, and/or reduced preventive measures in the second half of pandemic. A c","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/3d/main.PMC10580042.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metformin-induced activation of Ca2+ signaling prevents immune infiltration/pathology in Sjogren’s syndrome-prone mouse models 二甲双胍诱导的Ca2+信号激活可防止干燥综合征易发小鼠模型的免疫浸润/病理
IF 3.9 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100210
Viviane Nascimento Da Conceicao , Yuyang Sun , Xiufang Chai , Julian L. Ambrus , Bibhuti B. Mishra , Brij B. Singh

Immune cell infiltration and glandular dysfunction are the hallmarks of autoimmune diseases such as primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS), however, the mechanism(s) is unknown. Our data show that metformin-treatment induces Ca2+ signaling that restores saliva secretion and prevents immune cell infiltration in the salivary glands of IL14α-transgenic mice (IL14α), which is a model for pSS. Mechanistically, we show that loss of Ca2+ signaling is a major contributing factor, which is restored by metformin treatment, in IL14α mice. Furthermore, the loss of Ca2+ signaling leads to ER stress in salivary glands. Finally, restoration of metformin-induced Ca2+ signaling inhibited the release of alarmins and prevented the activation of ER stress that was essential for immune cell infiltration. These results suggest that loss of metformin-mediated activation of Ca2+ signaling prevents ER stress, which inhibited the release of alarmins that induces immune cell infiltration leading to salivary gland dysfunction observed in pSS.

免疫细胞浸润和腺体功能障碍是原发性干燥综合征(pSS)等自身免疫性疾病的标志,但其机制尚不清楚。我们的数据表明,二甲双胍处理诱导Ca2+信号,恢复唾液分泌,阻止免疫细胞浸润IL14α-转基因小鼠(IL14α)的唾液腺,这是pSS的模型。在机制上,我们发现Ca2+信号的丢失是一个主要的促成因素,在IL14α小鼠中通过二甲双胍治疗恢复。此外,Ca2+信号的丢失导致唾液腺内质网应激。最后,二甲双胍诱导的Ca2+信号的恢复抑制了警报的释放,并阻止了免疫细胞浸润所必需的内质网应激的激活。这些结果表明,二甲双胍介导的Ca2+信号激活的丧失可以阻止内质网应激,从而抑制诱发免疫细胞浸润的警报器的释放,从而导致pSS中观察到的唾液腺功能障碍。
{"title":"Metformin-induced activation of Ca2+ signaling prevents immune infiltration/pathology in Sjogren’s syndrome-prone mouse models","authors":"Viviane Nascimento Da Conceicao ,&nbsp;Yuyang Sun ,&nbsp;Xiufang Chai ,&nbsp;Julian L. Ambrus ,&nbsp;Bibhuti B. Mishra ,&nbsp;Brij B. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Immune cell infiltration and glandular dysfunction are the hallmarks of autoimmune diseases such as primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS), however, the mechanism(s) is unknown. Our data show that metformin-treatment induces <em>Ca2+ signaling that restores saliva secretion and prevents immune cell infiltration in</em> the salivary glands of IL14α-transgenic mice (IL14α), which is a model for pSS. Mechanistically, we show that loss of <em>Ca2+ signaling is a major contributing factor, which is restored by metformin treatment,</em> in IL14α mice. Furthermore, the loss of <em>Ca2+ signaling leads to ER stress in salivary glands.</em> Finally, restoration of metformin-induced <em>Ca2+ signaling</em> inhibited the release of alarmins and prevented the activation of ER stress that was essential for immune cell infiltration. These results suggest that loss of metformin-mediated activation of <em>Ca2+</em> signaling prevents ER stress, which inhibited the release of alarmins that induces immune cell infiltration leading to salivary gland dysfunction observed in pSS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49858294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paradoxical psoriasis: The flip side of idiopathic psoriasis or an autocephalous reversible drug reaction? 矛盾型牛皮癣:特发性牛皮癣的另一面还是自体可逆药物反应?
IF 3.9 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100211
Jiawei Lu, Yan Lu

Psoriasis is a common, chronic skin disease that results mainly from the complex interplay between T cells, dendritic cells, and inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-17, IL-12, and IL-23. Successful therapy with anti-cytokine antibodies has proved the importance of these key cytokines, especially TNF-α. During the anti-TNF-α treatment of classical idiopathic psoriasis, a small portion of patients develop new psoriasiform lesions. This contradictory phenomenon was named paradoxical psoriasis which resembles idiopathic psoriasis clinically but presents overlapped histological patterns and distinct immunological processes. In this review, we discuss the differences between idiopathic psoriasis and paradoxical psoriasis with an emphasis on their innate immunity, as it is predominant in paradoxical psoriasis which exhibits type I IFN-mediated immunity without the activation of autoreactive T cells and memory T cells. We also put up an instructive algorithm for the management of paradoxical psoriasis. The decision on drug discontinuation or switching of biologics should be made based on the condition of underlying diseases and the severity of lesions.

银屑病是一种常见的慢性皮肤病,主要由T细胞、树突状细胞和炎性细胞因子(包括TNF-α、IL-17、IL-12和IL-23)之间复杂的相互作用引起。抗细胞因子抗体的成功治疗已经证明了这些关键细胞因子,特别是TNF-α的重要性。在经典特发性银屑病的抗tnf -α治疗过程中,一小部分患者出现新的银屑病样病变。这种矛盾的现象被命名为悖论型牛皮癣,它在临床上类似于特发性牛皮癣,但表现出重叠的组织学模式和不同的免疫过程。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了特发性银屑病和悖论型银屑病之间的差异,重点是它们的先天免疫,因为它在悖论型银屑病中占主导地位,表现出I型ifn介导的免疫,而不激活自身反应性T细胞和记忆T细胞。本文还提出了一种具有指导意义的治疗矛盾性牛皮癣的算法。停药或切换生物制剂的决定应根据潜在疾病的情况和病变的严重程度作出。
{"title":"Paradoxical psoriasis: The flip side of idiopathic psoriasis or an autocephalous reversible drug reaction?","authors":"Jiawei Lu,&nbsp;Yan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Psoriasis is a common, chronic skin disease that results mainly from the complex interplay between T cells, dendritic cells, and inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-17, IL-12, and IL-23. Successful therapy with anti-cytokine antibodies has proved the importance of these key cytokines, especially TNF-α. During the <em>anti</em>-TNF-α treatment of classical idiopathic psoriasis, a small portion of patients develop new psoriasiform lesions. This contradictory phenomenon was named paradoxical psoriasis which resembles idiopathic psoriasis clinically but presents overlapped histological patterns and distinct immunological processes. In this review, we discuss the differences between idiopathic psoriasis and paradoxical psoriasis with an emphasis on their innate immunity, as it is predominant in paradoxical psoriasis which exhibits type I IFN-mediated immunity without the activation of autoreactive T cells and memory T cells. We also put up an instructive algorithm for the management of paradoxical psoriasis. The decision on drug discontinuation or switching of biologics should be made based on the condition of underlying diseases and the severity of lesions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36425,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/49/main.PMC10507642.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41151299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Translational Autoimmunity
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