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Commercialisation of Christianity in Nigeria: A Review 尼日利亚基督教的商业化:回顾
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol12n2114
Kehinde Oluwatoyin Adabembe
This review investigates the commercialization of Christianity in Nigeria, delving into its historical roots and modern expressions. A booming economy that includes mega-churches, televangelism, religious tourism, and a robust market for faith-based goods and services has resulted from the nexus of faith and commerce. Factors responsible for the commercialization of Christianity and the impacts of commercialization on religious practices, and the larger socio-cultural fabric are critically evaluated in this study. The article examines how some charismatic leaders have shaped the religious-business environment and considers how this has an impact on the genuineness of Christian teachingsin contemporary Nigeria. This review adds to the on-going conversation on how Nigerian religious practices are changing and highlights the intricate interactions that exist between faith and business within the framework of Christianity. This review recommends more investigation into viable ways to promote peaceful coexistence of religion and business in Nigeria's Christian community.
这篇评论调查了尼日利亚基督教的商业化,深入探讨了其历史根源和现代表现形式。信仰与商业的结合催生了蓬勃发展的经济,其中包括超大型教堂、电视布道、宗教旅游,以及以信仰为基础的商品和服务的强大市场。本研究对造成基督教商业化的因素以及商业化对宗教实践和更广泛的社会文化结构的影响进行了批判性评估。文章探讨了一些魅力型领袖如何塑造了宗教商业环境,并考虑了这对当代尼日利亚基督教教义的真实性有何影响。这篇综述为正在进行的关于尼日利亚宗教习俗如何变化的讨论增添了新的内容,并强调了基督教框架内信仰与商业之间错综复杂的互动关系。本评论建议对促进尼日利亚基督教社区宗教与商业和平共处的可行方法进行更多调查。
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引用次数: 0
Is Ideology an Enemy of the Text of the Arab Woman Writer? Or Is It Just a Mold of Rock That Clips Her Wings and Altercates with The Taboos 意识形态是阿拉伯女作家文本的敌人吗?抑或只是剪断她的翅膀、与禁忌争吵的岩石模子?
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol12n23448
Hanan Bishara
The novel's mission is to introduce public reality and break down taboos. The novel is a kind of art, and art is an uninterrupted yearning for beauty and thus other values, whether a historical value, cause-bearing speech, or taboo altercation. They are all present in the writer's mind at the time of writing, a condition that does not overshadow the aesthetic artistic goal that has priority in writing novels in my opinion. Any perception of literature, however extreme it may be to move away from ideology, or to declare its denial and opposition to its concepts, involves whether or not it wants to respond, a clear ideological dimension. Literature is a discourse that develops on this ground, involves it, and exercises its activity on. It is an ideologically saturated discourse to which values and relationships come after they have been popularized by relations of social, moral and political forces. It is therefore the function of criticism to reveal these implicit dimensions, and to learn about the ideology of the texts that it addresses. It is a function that is not connected only to exposing the ideology of texts, but also to identifying the transformations that have taken place throughout the history of modern literature
小说的使命是介绍公共现实,打破禁忌。小说是一种艺术,而艺术是对美的不间断的向往,因而也是对其他价值的向往,无论是历史价值、因果言说,还是禁忌争论。它们都存在于作家写作时的心中,在我看来,这种状况并不能掩盖审美的艺术目标,而审美的艺术目标在小说写作中具有优先权。对文学的任何认识,无论它如何极端地远离意识形态,或宣称否定和反对意识形态观念,无论它是否愿意回应,都包含着明确的意识形态维度。文学是在这一基础上发展起来的话语,涉及意识形态,并在此基础上开展活动。它是一种意识形态饱和的话语,其中的价值观和关系是在社会、道德和政治力量的作用下普及开来的。因此,批评的功能就是揭示这些隐含的层面,并了解其所涉及的文本的意识形态。这一功能不仅与揭示文本的意识形态有关,还与确定现代文学史上发生的转变有关。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Household Investment in Human Capital On Economic Development in Oyigbo Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria 尼日利亚河流州奥伊格博地方政府地区家庭人力资本投资对经济发展的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol12n21533
Ugochukwu Henry Agbarakwe
This study investigated the effect of “Household Investment in Human Capital on Economic Development in Oyigbo Local Government Area of Rivers State” using health care, poverty reduction and political participation as proxies for development. It made use of primary data collected using the instrument of questionnaire administered to the residents in the area. Statistical tools such as frequency distribution table, percentages and mean were used to present and analyze the data while the chi-square was used to test the formulated hypothesis. The study showed a significant positive effect of household investment in human capital investment on economic development in Oyigbo Local Government Area of Rivers State. It therefore recommended that households should be granted some tax reliefs to increase their disposable income capability for sustained human capital investment and sustainable economic development. The government is also advised to redouble their investment on infrastructure and the educational sector to support the effort the households.
本研究以医疗保健、减贫和政治参与作为发展的代用指标,调查了 "家庭人力资本投资对河流州奥伊格博地方政府地区经济发展的影响"。研究利用向该地区居民发放调查问卷的方式收集原始数据。使用了频率分布表、百分比和平均值等统计工具来呈现和分析数据,并使用卡方检验所提出的假设。研究结果表明,在河流州奥伊格博地方政府地区,家庭人力资本投资对经济发展有明显的积极影响。因此,研究建议,应给予家庭一些税收减免,以提高他们的可支配收入能力,从而实现持续的人力资本投资和可持续的经济发展。还建议政府加倍对基础设施和教育部门的投资,以支持家庭的努力。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring The Tourism Potential of the Odun Oba Festival Using Printmaking 利用版画探索奥敦奥巴节的旅游潜力
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol12n24964
Louis Emmanuel Etsename, Raphael Adeyemi Ojo
The Odun Oba festival is a major cultural celebration in Ondo, Nigeria, which annually serves to showcase the rich cultural heritage and traditions of the Ondo people. This study examines the festival’s socio-cultural viability as it relates to improving the kingdom’s tourism potential. This study deployed printmaking as a medium to capture and depict the Odun Oba festival, using printmaking’s diverse techniques and expressive capabilities to provide a distinctive platform to document the multifaceted nature of the Odun Oba Festival. The researcher has also tried to portray the lively attires, intricate and dynamic dance performances that are integral components of the festival through relief, intaglio and planographic print media respectively. The finished prints were exhibited physically and virtually, after which a survey (using Google form) was conducted to evaluate public perception of the works. The researcher recommends that the prints be displayed in galleries, cultural hubs, and public arenas, allowing people of diverse backgrounds access to connect with the festival's cultural legacy. It further suggests that the socio-cultural presentation of the Odun Oba Festival through the printmaking medium would not only encourage the flow of artistic expression but also act as a vehicle for preserving and passing down knowledge of the kingdom’s cultural heritage. Thus, promoting intergenerational discussions, and the nurturing of indigenous cultural identity and pride.
Odun Oba 节是尼日利亚翁多的一项重要文化庆祝活动,每年都会展示翁多人丰富的文化遗产和传统。本研究探讨了该节日的社会文化可行性,因为它关系到提高王国的旅游潜力。本研究采用版画作为捕捉和描绘奥敦奥巴节的媒介,利用版画的多种技术和表现能力,为记录奥敦奥巴节的多面性提供了一个独特的平台。研究人员还尝试分别通过浮雕、凹版和平面版画媒介,描绘节日中不可或缺的活泼服饰、复杂而动感的舞蹈表演。完成的版画作品通过实物和虚拟方式进行了展出,随后进行了一项调查(使用谷歌表格),以评估公众对作品的看法。研究人员建议在画廊、文化中心和公共场所展出这些版画,让不同背景的人都能接触到艺术节的文化遗产。研究人员还建议,通过版画媒介展示奥顿-奥巴节的社会文化,不仅能鼓励艺术表达的流动,还能成为保护和传承王国文化遗产知识的载体。从而促进代际讨论,培养土著文化认同感和自豪感。
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引用次数: 0
Old Testament Perspective on Migration and Its Implications for Africans in Diaspora 旧约》关于移民的观点及其对散居非洲人的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol12n26580
O. Opade
This paper explores the Old Testament perspective on migration and its implications for Africans in the diaspora. Migration has been a significant aspect of human history, shaping societies and cultures across the globe. Africans in the diaspora have a unique experience of migration, often driven by historical factors such as the transatlantic slave trade. By examining Old Testament narratives, this paper aims to shed light on the theological and ethical dimensions of migration and provide insights into the experiences of Africans in the diaspora. The paper emphasizes themes of displacement, liberation, justice, and cultural preservation within the context of migration while acknowledging the complexity and diversity of the African diaspora experience.
本文探讨了《旧约》中关于移民的观点及其对散居各地的非洲人的影响。移民是人类历史的一个重要方面,塑造了全球的社会和文化。散居海外的非洲人有着独特的移民经历,这往往是由跨大西洋奴隶贸易等历史因素造成的。通过研究《旧约圣经》的叙事,本文旨在阐明移民的神学和伦理层面,并为散居各地的非洲人的经历提供启示。本文强调移民背景下的流离失所、解放、正义和文化保护等主题,同时承认非洲移民社群经历的复杂性和多样性。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on the Characteristics and the Meaning of the 'baoxianghua' Patterns in the Dun Huang Murals, China 中国敦煌壁画中 "宝相花 "图案的特征和含义研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol11n116980
Zhang Yan, Elis Syuhaila Binti Mokhtar
The study explores the distinctive 'baoxianghua' designs intrinsic to the art of China's Tang Dynasty. Unlike typical Chinese patterns that usually replicate specific natural forms or shapes, the 'baoxianghua' patterns depict an idealized plant emblem that carried significant symbolic weight in the Tang period. The main goal of this project is to investigate the unique characteristics and significances of the 'baoxianghua' motifs during the four stages of the Tang Dynasty, with a specific focus on the Dun Huang frescoes. The research aims to unravel and examine the relationships between the features and symbolic components of the 'baoxianghua' patterns in these works of art, laying the groundwork for further scholarly discussion. The methodology selected for this study is a qualitative approach with a strong emphasis on visual investigation. This study employs analysis to investigate the 'baoxianghua' motifs across various phases of the Tang Dynasty as depicted in the Dun Huang frescoes. Furthermore, it involves iconographic analysis of images and text, conducted to unravel metaphors and symbols ingrained in these motifs. Principally, this research underscores the uniqueness of the 'baoxianghua' motif in classical Chinese art, emphasizing its absence of literal natural correspondences and its deep-rooted cultural and symbolic significance within the context of the Tang Dynasty. The research strives to provide extensive theoretical insight into these motifs, particularly in the context of the Dun Huang frescoes, using a qualitative method and a technique of visual analysis.
本研究探讨了中国唐代艺术中独具特色的 "宝相花 "图案。与通常复制特定自然形态或形状的典型中国图案不同,"宝相花 "图案描绘的是一种理想化的植物徽记,在唐代具有重要的象征意义。本项目的主要目标是研究唐代四个阶段中 "宝相花 "图案的独特特征和意义,重点是敦煌壁画。研究旨在揭示和探讨这些艺术作品中 "宝相花 "图案的特征和象征成分之间的关系,为进一步的学术讨论奠定基础。本研究选择的方法是强调视觉调查的定性方法。本研究通过分析敦煌壁画中描绘的唐代不同阶段的 "宝相花 "图案。此外,本研究还对图像和文本进行了图示分析,以揭示这些图案中根深蒂固的隐喻和象征。主要而言,本研究强调了 "宝相花 "图案在中国古典艺术中的独特性,强调了它没有字面的自然对应关系,以及在唐代背景下根深蒂固的文化和象征意义。本研究采用定性方法和视觉分析技术,力图对这些图案,尤其是敦煌壁画中的图案,提供广泛的理论见解。
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引用次数: 0
Economic Recession and Science Students’ Enrolment in Senior Secondary School in Nigeria 经济衰退与尼日利亚高中理科学生的入学率
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol11n116168
M.F. Ayeni
The study investigated economic recession as a determinant of Science Students’ Enrolment in South West Nigeria. The research design of the expo-facto type was adopted for the study. The study population consisted of all public Senior Secondary School Science Students in South West Nigeria. This entails 360 science students who enrolled for 2017, 2018 and 2019 sessions in the stated schools. The selection of the schools was done through Multistage Sampling procedure. A research question was raised and three research hypotheses were formulated for the study. Inventory of Senior Secondary School Science Students Enrolment-list (ISSSSSE) was used as an instrument for data collection. Data collected were analysed using Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test. Findings from the study revealed that economic recession determined the numbers of science students who enrolled in these three consecutive years used for the study. Also, a significant difference was recorded in science students’ enrolment in urban and rural areas in favour of urban area. Gender has no significant difference on the enrolment of science students based on the result from the findings. It was recommended based on the findings that government should avert any problem that could result into economic recession for sustainable development of education. Also, government should try to make policies that will favour social-economic development in the rural areas of the country. Parents should have a sort of understanding that science subjects are not just for the male child, but that girls can as well perform excellently in science subjects.
本研究调查了经济衰退对尼日利亚西南部理科学生入学率的影响。研究采用了 "暴露事实 "式的研究设计。研究对象包括尼日利亚西南部所有公立高中理科学生。这包括上述学校 2017、2018 和 2019 学年注册的 360 名理科学生。学校的选择是通过多阶段抽样程序进行的。本研究提出了一个研究问题和三个研究假设。研究使用了《高中理科学生入学情况一览表》(ISSSSE)作为数据收集工具。使用百分比、平均值、标准偏差和 t 检验对收集到的数据进行分析。研究结果表明,经济衰退决定了研究中连续三年的理科学生入学人数。此外,城市和农村地区理科学生的入学率也存在明显差异,城市地区的入学率更高。根据研究结果,性别对理科学生的入学率没有明显影响。根据调查结果,建议政府应避免任何可能导致经济衰退的问题,以实现教育的可持续发展。此外,政府应努力制定有利于该国农村地区社会经济发展的政策。家长应认识到,理科科目不仅是男生的专利,女生也可以在理科科目中取得优异成绩。
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引用次数: 0
Decolonizing Epistemic Approaches to Theological Education in The Nigerian Context: A Philosophical Analysis 尼日利亚神学教育的非殖民化认识论方法:哲学分析
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol11n111626
Joseph Onuche, Jonathan Aminu Abbas
Theology is a course or discipline studied in some universities and seminaries in Nigeria. It is a scholarly discipline recognized in Nigeria as a means of transmitting knowledge about God and His relationship with His creation. Various Christian denominations established theological Institutions in Nigeria. These institutions engaged in developing theological education for their various denominational purposes. The findings of this paper reveals that the approaches to theological education in Nigeria appears to be inadequate, abstract, foreign, and unable to address the existential needs of Africans and Nigerians in particular. The paper employed descriptive-analytical methods and argued that the theological epistemic approach, which deals with African existential issues, should be encouraged to help handle the African existential crises. Decolonizing epistemic approaches to theological education in the Nigerian context must be existential. This concerns the holistic development of Africa, such as health, science education, politics and the likes. The paper recommends emphasizing practicalizing theological education to help Africa overcome her peculiar developmental challenges. This means that theological education in Nigeria must pay attention to the types of knowledge and skills needed for self and societal transformation. This requires knowledge that goes beyond cognitive understanding (episteme) to include practical wisdom (phronesis) and skill (techne). Thus, there is a need for a paradigm shift in Nigeria’s theological epistemic approach from a theoretical exercise to a practical discipline that can influence people’s lives directly.
神学是尼日利亚一些大学和神学院的一门课程或学科。它是尼日利亚公认的一门学术学科,是传播有关上帝及其与被造物之间关系的知识的一种手段。各基督教派在尼日利亚建立了神学机构。这些机构为其不同教派的目的发展神学教育。本文的研究结果表明,尼日利亚的神学教育方法似乎不够充分、抽象、陌生,无法满足非洲人,尤其是尼日利亚人的生存需求。本文采用了描述-分析方法,认为应鼓励神学认识论方法来处理非洲的生存问题,以帮助解决非洲的生存危机。尼日利亚神学教育的非殖民化认识论方法必须是存在论的。这涉及非洲的整体发展,如卫生、科学教育、政治等。本文建议强调神学教育的实用化,以帮助非洲克服其特有的发展挑战。这意味着尼日利亚的神学教育必须关注自我和社会转型所需的各类知识和技能。这就需要超越认知理解(episteme)的知识,包括实践智慧(phronesis)和技能(techne)。因此,尼日利亚的神学认识方法需要进行范式转变,从理论研究转向能够直接影响人们生活的实用学科。
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引用次数: 0
An Appraisal of Organizational Communication and Job Satisfaction Among Academic Staff in Akwa Ibom State University 阿夸伊博姆州立大学学术人员的组织沟通和工作满意度评估
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol11n11115
E. O. Akpan, D. Akarika, P. Umoren
This study appraised organisational communication and job satisfaction among academic staff in Akwa Ibom State University. The objectives of the study were ascertain the organisational communication flow pattern prevalent in Akwa Ibom State University, assess the extent to which the organisational communication policy/structure affected job satisfaction among academic staff of Aksu, find out the barriers to effective organisational communication flow and job satisfaction among academic staff of Aksu, determine from the perception of academic employees whether the organisational communication flow in their institution help to guarantee job satisfaction. The study adopted the survey research design, with questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. The population of the study comprise subjects who are academic staff of Aksu. The academic staff strength of Aksu stands at 488. The sample size for the study was determined at 10% systematically drawn from the population. The study which was anchored on the theory of transactional process and modern organaisational theory revealed that majority of respondents 25 (57%) were of the opinion that the prevalent communication flow pattern that management uses in communicating with academic staff in Aksu is vertical downward communication, furthermore, majority of respondents 24 (55%) agreed that organisational communication policy and structure greatly influence job satisfaction. This implies that policy and structure on job satisfaction. Majority of respondents 20, 10 (30) representing 45%, 23% (68%) were not satisfied with the present patterns of communication flow to enhance their job satisfaction. It was recommended that management of Aksu should encourage the use of upward communication. That is communication from the subordinates to those at the top, usually for the purpose of asking questions, providing feedback and making suggestions in order to improve morale and attitude of academic staff, management of Aksu should trust their academic staff and encourage them to participate effectively in decision making.
本研究评估了阿夸伊博姆州立大学学术人员的组织沟通和工作满意度。研究的目标是确定阿夸伊博姆州立大学普遍存在的组织交流模式,评估组织交流政策/结构对阿克苏学术人员工作满意度的影响程度,找出阿克苏学术人员有效组织交流和工作满意度的障碍,根据学术人员的看法确定其所在机构的组织交流是否有助于保证工作满意度。本研究采用调查研究设计,以问卷作为数据收集工具。研究对象包括阿克苏地区的学术人员。阿克苏大学的教职员工人数为 488 人。研究的样本量为从人口中系统抽取的 10%。研究以交易过程理论和现代组织理论为基础,结果显示,大多数受访者(25 人,占 57%)认为,阿克苏地区管理层在与教职员工沟通时普遍采用的沟通模式是垂直向下沟通,此外,大多数受访者(24 人,占 55%)同意组织沟通政策和结构对工作满意度有很大影响。这意味着政策和结构会影响工作满意度。大多数受访者(20 人,10 人,30 人,占 45%)、23%(68%)对目前的沟通模式不满意,认为这无法提高他们的工作满意度。建议阿克苏的管理层应鼓励使用向上沟通。为了提高学术人员的士气和态度,阿克苏的管理层应信任他们的学术人员,并鼓励他们有效地参与决策。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Implementation of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) for Housing Provision in Nigeria: A Case Study of Niger State 评估尼日利亚住房供应公私伙伴关系的实施情况:以尼日尔州为例
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol11n81221
C. U. Ugonabo
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) is a joint effort by the public and private sector for the financing, development, operation, and or ownership of public housing and infrastructure. The rapid increase in population and urbanization in Nigeria has resulted in a housing deficit of about 17-23 million. Mortgage financing which is the predominant means of funding housing eludes the low income earners due to their inability to access mortgage facilities. This paper evaluated the implementation of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as an option for public housing delivery in Nigeria using Niger State as a case study. Questionnaires were administered to 200 built-environment professionals in public and private sectors in Niger State and interview was conducted with NSPPPA officials on project conception and management. Official reports and guidance documents on PPP implementation for housing were also reviewed. The responses to the questions were categorized into political, project, financial, and environmental factors and the mean score of responses to each question were calculated before calculating the mean score of each category. Political (4.28) and project (4.24) factors were found to have the greatest influence in implementing PPPs in Niger State. Interview and document reviews also revealed that out of eight housing projects conceived under the Niger State PPP program in 2013 only four were implemented. Of the four implemented projects, two were completed while two were delayed due to lack of funds and disagreements between public and private sector partners. The study recommends among others that all stakeholders in Nigeria’s housing sector should work together to realize the goal of PPPs in housing as stated in the New National Housing and Urban Development Policy (NNHUDP) of 2002 and that government should focus more on the provision of housing for the low income earners as they are the most affected by the housing problem in Nigeria.
公私合作伙伴关系(ppp)是公共和私营部门在公共住房和基础设施的融资、开发、运营和/或所有权方面的共同努力。尼日利亚人口的快速增长和城市化导致了大约1700万到2300万的住房短缺。由于低收入者无法获得抵押贷款,抵押贷款融资是住房融资的主要手段。本文以尼日尔州为例,评估了公私伙伴关系(ppp)作为尼日利亚公共住房交付的一种选择的实施情况。对尼日尔州公共和私营部门的200名建筑环境专业人员进行了问卷调查,并就项目概念和管理问题与国家建筑和建筑工程协会官员进行了面谈。会议还审查了关于住房PPP实施的官方报告和指导文件。将问题的回答分为政治、项目、金融、环境四个方面,计算每个问题的回答的平均分,然后计算每个类别的平均分。政治因素(4.28分)和项目因素(4.24分)对尼日尔州实施公私伙伴关系的影响最大。采访和文件审查还显示,在2013年尼日尔国家公私合营项目构想的8个住房项目中,只有4个得到了实施。在四个已实施的项目中,两个已完成,另外两个由于缺乏资金和公私部门合作伙伴之间的分歧而推迟。该研究建议,除其他外,尼日利亚住房部门的所有利益相关者应共同努力,实现2002年新国家住房和城市发展政策(NNHUDP)中规定的住房ppp目标,政府应更多地关注为低收入者提供住房,因为他们是受尼日利亚住房问题影响最大的群体。
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引用次数: 0
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Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
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