International Journal of Population Data Science最新文献

Introduction: In England, life expectancy has stalled and significant decreases observed in certain geographical areas and populations. The cause of this involves complex dynamics between an individual's health, characteristics, lifestyle, and their wider environment known as the wider determinants of health which are key to good life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and prevention of long-term medical conditions. Knowing the availability, breadth, features, and linkage potential of datasets relevant to wider determinants of health is important for exploring trends and associations for policy and public health planning.

Methods: A systematic mapping of internet content identified accessible datasets relevant to wider determinants of health in England with town level geographical granularity or lower. Search terms were used in search engines and chatbots to identify weblinks subsequently examined for eligible datasets.

Results: 105 potential weblinks to datasets were identified. Of these, twenty-one weblinks were explored further after exclusion of those: not accessible or currently live (n = 13); duplicated across search engines (n = 17); providing information only (i.e. no raw data, n = 14); did not provide freely accessible data (n = 3); were not relevant to wider determinants of health (n = 17); lacked geographical granularity (n = 26). Eighty-nine datasets of interest were compiled with sub-town level data aggregation. Approximately half (n = 47, 52%) were from the England and Wales census 2021, with the remaining sources including government bodies, public services, and research datasets. Datasets covered many valuable categories of wider determinants of health. Key data gaps included food consumption, social care data and community/voluntary services.

Conclusion: In England, access to data relevant to wider determinants of health is good and available at relatively small geographical resolution. Accessible datasets were identified and compiled within multiple categories of wider determinants of health as a useful data resource to explore wider determinants of health at place if linked to relevant health data or population studies.

Key features: This data resource profile describes a systematic mapping of freely accessible population data on wider determinants of health in England. To the authors knowledge this is the first comprehensive compilation of freely accessible data resources of this kind.This data resource profile was created to support research into the mechanisms and impact of wider determinants on the health of populations in England but is applicable to research and populations studies wider than this.Eighty-nine datasets were identified that may be of use to researchers in health and other population data fields. Datasets are held separately but many have the potential to be linked through common geographical are

Introduction: The ORIGINS Project ("ORIGINS") is a longitudinal, population-level birth cohort with data and biosample collections that aim to facilitate research to reduce non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and encourage 'a healthy start to life'. ORIGINS has gathered millions of datapoints and over 400,000 biosamples over 15 timepoints, antenatally through to five years of age, from mothers, non-birthing partners and the child, across four health and wellness domains: 'Growth and development', 'Medical, biological and genetic', 'Biopsychosocial and cognitive', 'Lifestyle, environment and nutrition'.

Methods: Mothers, non-birthing partners and their offspring were recruited antenatally (between 18 and 38 weeks' gestation) from the Joondalup and Wanneroo communities of Perth, Western Australia from 2017 to 2024. Data come from several sources, including routine hospital antenatal and birthing data, ORIGINS clinical appointments, and online self-completed surveys comprising several standardised measures. Data are merged using the Medical Record Number (MRN), the ORIGINS Unique Identifier and the ORIGINS Pregnancy Number, as well as additional demographic data (e.g. name and date of birth) when necessary.

Results: The data are held on an integrated data platform that extracts, links, ingests, integrates and stores ORIGINS' data on an Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud-based data warehouse. Data are linked, transformed for cleaning and coding, and catalogued, ready to provide to sub-projects (independent researchers that apply to use ORIGINS data) to prepare for their own analyses. ORIGINS maximises data quality by checking and replacing missing and erroneous data across the various data sources.

Conclusion: As a wide array of data across several different domains and timepoints has been collected, the options for future research and utilisation of the data and biosamples are broad. As ORIGINS aims to extend into middle childhood, researchers can examine which antenatal and early childhood factors predict middle childhood outcomes. ORIGINS also aims to link to State and Commonwealth data sets (e.g. Medicare, the National Assessment Program - Literacy and Numeracy, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme) which will cater to a wide array of research questions.

Introduction: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is one of the leading non-genetic causes of developmental disability worldwide and is thought to be particularly common in the UK. Despite this, there is a lack of data on FASD in the UK.

Objective: To conduct public and professional involvement work to establish stakeholder views on the feasibility, acceptability, key purposes, and design of a national linked longitudinal research database for FASD in the UK.

Methods: We consulted with stakeholders using online workshops (one for adults with FASD [and their supporters] N = 5; one for caregivers of people with FASD (N=7), 1:1/small-team video calls/email communication with clinicians, policymakers, data-governance experts, third-sector representatives, and researchers [N=35]), and one hybrid clinical workshop (N = 17). Discussions covered data availability, benefits, challenges, and design preferences for a national pseudonymised linked database for FASD. We derived key themes from the notes and recordings collected across all involvement activities.

Results: Our tailored, multi-method approach generated high levels of stakeholder engagement. Stakeholders expressed support for a pseudonymised national linked database for FASD. Key anticipated benefits were the potential for: increased awareness and understanding of FASD leading to better support; new insights into clinical profiles leading to greater diagnostic efficiency; facilitating international collaboration; and increased knowledge of the long-term impacts of FASD on health, social care, education, economic and criminal justice outcomes. Given the rich data infrastructure established in the UK, stakeholders expressed that a national linked FASD database could be world-leading. Common stakeholder concerns were around privacy and data-sharing and the importance of retaining space for clinical judgement alongside insights gained from quantitative analyses.

Conclusions: Multi-method and multidisciplinary public and professional involvement activities demonstrated support for a national linked database for FASD in the UK. Flexible, diverse, embedded stakeholder collaboration will be essential as we establish this database.

Background: Child poverty remains a major global concern and a child's experience of deprivation is heavily shaped by where they live and the stability of their local neighbourhood. This study examines frequencies and patterns of residential mobility in children and young people (CYP) at a population level using novel geospatial techniques to assess how often their physical environment changes and to identify geographical variations in social mobility.

Methods: We used routinely collected administrative records held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank for CYP aged under 18 years living in Wales between 2012 and 2022. We calculated the Moran's I statistic to assess the magnitude of Lower layer Super Output Area (LSOA)-level geographic variation in residential mobility and used the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) to identify clusters of LSOAs where there are higher rates of residential mobility.

Results: This study included 923,531 CYP, with 58% having moved at least once during the study period. A total number of 1,209,102 house moves were recorded, 59% of which occurred between the ages of 0 and 5 years. Almost 10% of the cohort resided in five or more dwellings before the age of 18 years. In terms of area-level (LSOA) deprivation, 75% of house moves were to areas with the same or higher levels of deprivation, leaving only 25% of house moves that achieved upward social mobility. Clustering of residential mobility was identified predominantly in areas of high deprivation.

Conclusion: The findings of this study show that residential mobility is linked with socio-economic circumstances and is experienced by over half of CYP in Wales. Understanding where CYP live, their mobility patterns and which areas have high levels of influx and efflux is crucial for policymakers to generate well-informed, targeted and effective child-focused interventions.

Introduction: Birth cohorts are valuable resources for studying early life, the determinants of health, disease, and development. They are essential for studying life course. Dynamic longitudinal electronic cohorts use routinely collected data, are live, and can reduce selection bias specifically associated with direct recruitment in traditional birth cohorts. However, they are limited to health and administrative data and may lack contextual information.The MIREDA (Mother and Infant Research Electronic Data Analysis) partnership creates a UK-wide birth cohort by aligning existing electronic birth cohorts to have the same structure, content, and vocabularies, enabling UK-wide federated analyses.

Objectives: Create a core dynamic, live UK-wide electronic birth cohort with approximately 500,000 new births per year using a common data model (CDM).Provide data linkage and automation for long-term follow up of births from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), MuM-PreDiCT and the 'Born in' initiatives of Bradford, Wales, Scotland, and South London for comparable analyses.

Methods: We will establish core data content and collate linkable data. A suite of extraction, transformation, and load (ETL) tools will be used to transform data for each birth cohort into the CDM. Transformed datasets will remain within each cohort's trusted research environment (TRE). Metadata will be uploaded for the public to the Health Data Research (HDRUK) Innovation Gateway. We will develop a single online data access request for researchers. A cohort profile will be developed for researchers to reference the resource.

Ethics: Each cohort has approval from their TRE through compliance with their project application processes and information governance.

Dissemination: We will engage with researchers in the field to promote our resource through partnership networking, publication, research collaborations, conferences, social media, and marketing communications strategies.

Introduction: People seeking sanctuary, including refugees and asylum seekers, face barriers and challenges in accessing high quality healthcare. In maternity care specifically, asylum-seeking and refugee women are less likely to access timely and adequate antenatal care and may be more likely to experience adverse perinatal outcomes.

Objectives: We aim to describe maternity care service users seeking sanctuary in Wales and determine whether their perinatal health outcomes and use of maternity care services differ from women born in the UK.

Methods: We will conduct a retrospective cohort study. Linking six datasets held by SAIL Databank, we will identify individuals recorded as refugees or asylum seekers in General Practitioner (GP) records. We will conduct a descriptive analysis of their demographic and health characteristics and conduct a comparative analysis of maternity care service use and perinatal health outcomes between refugees and asylum seekers and UK-born individuals. We will identify statistically significant differences between groups, and where the completeness and quality of the data allow, we will adjust for known covariates.

Results: This study will enable us to report on the characteristics of maternity care service users seeking sanctuary in Wales, their maternity care service use and perinatal health outcomes compared to UK-born women.

Conclusions: This data linkage study will enhance our understanding of health inequities in maternity care and perinatal outcomes related to asylum seeker or refugee status. Results will inform policy and practice to improve provision of maternity care to women seeking sanctuary.

Introduction: Obesity and asthma are two of the most common childhood conditions and their prevalence have increased over the last decades. Several cross-sectional studies provide strong evidence for a positive association between these two conditions. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the temporal relationship between them.

Objective: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) at school starting age and the risk of developing bronchial asthma later in childhood.

Methods: We used anthropometric measurements of children aged 4 to 5 years, obtained as part of a national surveillance programme in Wales, linked to multiple population-level longitudinal administrative and clinical datasets within a trusted research environment provided by the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank to examine whether obesity at age 4 to 5 years was associated with increased risk of having a recorded diagnosis of asthma during a nine year follow-up period.

Results: Out of 22,790 children included in the study, 7% had a recorded diagnosis of asthma during the nine years following anthropometric measurement. Children who were classified as obese (Body Mass Index [BMI] Z-score ≥98^th Centile) had a 41% increased risk of having a recorded diagnosis of asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.7). Females were 26% less likely to have a recorded diagnosis of asthma after adjusting for weight status and deprivation index (aOR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.67-0.82).

Conclusion: Obesity in children aged 4 to 5 years carries an increased risk of developing asthma. Anthropometric measurements obtained through standardised population-level surveillance programmes enable important research which would not be possible otherwise and expanding these programmes to older age groups is recommended. Lifestyle interventions aimed at weight loss may have a role in decreasing the risk of developing asthma.

Introduction: Health visiting is a community service provided to families with children under five in England and is a key focus of early years policy. Individual-level data on health visiting is captured in the Community Services Data Set (CSDS), an administrative dataset of publicly funded community services across England. Analyses of CSDS are considered experimental as the dataset matures.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to identify health visiting contacts in the CSDS and assess the completeness of these data from 2016/17 to 2019/20 compared to external reference data.

Methods: We identified the number of the four mandated postnatal health visiting contacts delivered, excluding those scheduled but not attended, between April 2016 and March 2020. We compared counts by local authority (LA) and financial quarter against the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities' Health Visitor Service Delivery Metrics (HVSDM) to identify a subnational subset of complete CSDS data. We explored the representativeness of this subset.

Results: During the study period, 10.2 million health visiting contacts were delivered to 2.4 million children in England. Of these, we identified 3.9 million mandated contacts based on CSDS codes and age at time of contact, which represented 44.7% of all mandated contacts reported in the HVSDM for the same period. There were 63 LAs with complete CSDS data in at least one quarter, which were broadly representative of English LAs overall. Variables related to staff characteristics were highly missing and only 13 LAs had four or more successive quarters of complete data needed for longitudinal, child-level analyses.

Conclusions: We identified a subnational subset of complete CSDS data, compared to external reference data, which can be used for health visiting research. Until improvements are made to its completeness, analyses (particularly those requiring longitudinal data) may not be generalisable to the whole child population.

Introduction: Linkage of public law family court care proceedings (CP) data to all women giving birth in NHS hospitals in England allows calculation of the cumulative incidence of CP involvement for mothers with first children born.

Objectives: To assess linkage accuracy and determine the 10-year cumulative incidence of CP after a first live birth (FLB) for population subgroups.

Method: NHS England linked records for mothers in Cafcass (Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service) involved in CP (2007-2021) to all mothers with a delivery in England using Hospital Episode Statistics (HES: 1997-21). We calculated match rates and assessed indirect evidence of potential false positive and missed links. We used survival analyses to estimate cumulative incidence of CP within 10 years overall and for five-year maternal age groups at first live birth.

Results: Of 120,937 mothers involved in CP, 6.6% (n = 8,010) were excluded due to missing postcode or date of birth, or age <15 or >50. Of the remaining 112,927 mothers, 92,891 (82.8%) were linked to a HES delivery record. Match rates were lowest for mothers with an ethnic minority background, older at first case, or residing in Greater London, but improved over time.Of 3,572,737 mothers with a FLB, 38,462 had CP involvement. The cumulative incidence of CP at 10 years from FLB was 1.31% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]; 1.29-1.32) overall and highest in mothers aged 15-19 years (6.79%, 95% CI: 6.69-6.89) and those living in the most deprived areas (2.47%, 95% CI: 2.43-2.51).

Conclusion: One in 77 of all mothers and one in 15 aged less than 20 at first live birth were involved in CP within 10 years. Linkage error may underestimate the incidence of CP for mothers in London or with an ethnic minority background.

Key points: Overall, 82.8% of women recorded as a mother in Cafcass care proceedings were linked to a hospital delivery record.Match rates were lowest for mothers with an ethnic minority background, older age at first child, or residing in Greater London.1.3% of all mothers (1 in 77) with a first birth were involved in care proceedings within 10 years and 6.8% (1 in 15) of mothers aged <20 at first live birth.

Introduction: In the UK, mental disorders are one of the most common reasons for claiming a benefit relating to unemployment, income, sickness and disability. Limited information exists regarding the demographic characteristics and psychiatric profiles of working age individuals claiming benefits in London. Until recently, detailed data on both mental disorders and benefit receipt were unavailable.

Objectives: To establish and describe a cohort of working age adults accessing secondary mental health services and benefits related to unemployment, income, sickness, and disability.

Methods: Using a novel data linkage containing electronic secondary mental health records from the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust and benefits data from the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP), we present descriptive statistics on sociodemographics, psychiatric diagnoses, and benefits received among a cohort of working age adults. The DWP benefits data window covers the period January 2007-June 2020, the SLaM data window covers the period January 2007-June 2019.

Results: We identified n = 150,348 patients (18-65 years), who had attended SLaM secondary mental health services, 78.3% of which had received a benefit relating to unemployment, income, sickness and disability. Of this group, 68% had a recorded primary psychiatric diagnosis. We found that a much higher percentage of those with a primary psychiatric diagnosis received more than one benefit (69.4%) compared to those who had not received a primary psychiatric diagnosis (30.6%). Almost 70% of claimants who obtained more than one benefit were identified as living within the two quintiles representing the highest levels of deprivation in the South-east London boroughs served by SLaM.

Conclusions: We showed types of benefits received among working age adults accessing secondary mental health services. This cohort will be further examined to explore trajectories of mental health care and benefit receipt and provide evidence that will help to inform both DWP policies and mental health care delivery.