Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism最新文献_第2页

Retinal Microperimetry as a Novel Tool for Early Detection of Subclinical Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Damage in Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study 视网膜显微测量作为早期检测1型糖尿病亚临床认知功能障碍和脑损伤的新工具：一项初步研究

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.70018

Manel Mateu-Salat, Nicole Stanton-Yonge, Frederic Sampedro Santaló, José Ignacio Vela, Jesús Díaz Cascajosa, Eva Safont Pérez, Daniela Rego-Lorca, Ana Chico

Context

Retinal microperimetry (MPR) is a non-invasive method that measures retinal light sensitivity (RS) and gaze fixation stability (GFS). MPR has been described as a marker of cognitive impairment in people with Type 2 diabetes, but it has never been assessed in people with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our group described subclinical cognitive alterations, structural brain differences, and increased levels of light chain neurofilament (NfL) in people with T1D and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia.

Objective

To measure RS and GFS using MPR in individuals with T1D and evaluate its correlation with neuropsychological assessment, plasma NfL levels and CGM-derived glucometric parameters. Secondary objectives: to evaluate the possible differences of RS and GFS in people with T1D depending on hypoglycaemia awareness.

Design, Setting and Participants

Pilot observational study, people with T1D without clinical cognitive impairment, moderate–severe retinopathy or glaucoma. MPR was performed with MAIA3.

Results

A total of 30 subjects were studied: 40% women, age 58 ± 11 years; T1D duration 31 ± 9 years, mild retinopathy 33%. RS was 27.5 dB (26.1–28.3) and GFS(%) 97.6% (93.5%–99.5%). We found a correlation between RS and memory alteration tests (p = 0.016) and between GFS(%) and a composite of attention and executive neuropsychological tests (p = 0.025). An inverse correlation between GFS and time below range was found. No correlation was found with NfL.

Conclusion

This first exploratory study in people with T1D supports the potential utility of MPR as a screening tool for subclinical neurocognitive alterations in this population.

视网膜显微测量（MPR）是一种测量视网膜光敏性（RS）和注视稳定性（GFS）的非侵入性方法。MPR被认为是2型糖尿病患者认知障碍的标志，但从未在1型糖尿病（T1D）患者中进行过评估。我们的研究小组描述了T1D患者的亚临床认知改变、大脑结构差异和轻链神经丝（NfL）水平升高以及低血糖意识受损。目的应用MPR测量T1D患者的RS和GFS，并评价其与神经心理评估、血浆NfL水平和cgm衍生血糖参数的相关性。次要目的：评估T1D患者的RS和GFS在低血糖认知方面的可能差异。试验性观察研究，受试者为无临床认知障碍、中重度视网膜病变或青光眼的T1D患者。采用MAIA3进行MPR。结果共纳入30例研究对象：女性占40%，年龄58±11岁；T1D病程31±9年，轻度视网膜病变33%。RS为27.5 dB(26.1 - -28.3)和GFS(%) 97.6%(93.5% - -99.5%)。我们发现RS与记忆改变测试之间存在相关性（p = 0.016）， GFS（%）与注意和执行神经心理测试的复合测试之间存在相关性（p = 0.025）。GFS与低于区间的时间呈负相关。未发现与NfL相关。结论：这项针对T1D患者的首次探索性研究支持MPR作为该人群亚临床神经认知改变筛查工具的潜在效用。

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引用次数: 0

Obesity, Metabolic Health, and Diabetic Complications in People With Type 1 Diabetes 1 型糖尿病患者的肥胖、代谢健康和糖尿病并发症。

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.70017

Yuanjie Mao, Jen-Tzer Gau, Ning Jiang

Aim

The concept of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has not been studied in type 1 diabetes (T1D). By analysing datasets from the DCCT/EDIC study, we compared the development of diabetic complications by obesity and metabolic health over 30 years of follow up.

Materials and Methods

Insulin resistance was calculated by estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). The participants (n = 1127) were then divided into four groups based on time-weighted mean body mass index and mean eGDR: metabolically healthy non-obesity (MHN, n = 874), metabolically unhealthy non-obesity (MUN, n = 66), MHO (n = 146) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO, n = 41). Diabetic complications and cardiovascular events were compared across the four groups.

Results

MUO and MUN groups had significantly higher risk for peripheral neuropathy (p = 0.001 in MUO and p < 0.001 in MUN vs. MHN), cardiac autonomic neuropathy (p < 0.001 in both MUO and MUN vs. MHN), retinopathy (p = 0.001 in MUO and p < 0.001 in MUN vs. MHN) and microalbuminuria (p < 0.001 in both MUO and MUN vs. MHN) than MHN group. Moreover, MUO and MUN groups had significantly higher risks (HR [95%CI]) in any cardiovascular events (2.78 [1.51–5.11] and 1.88 [1.05–3.36]) and major atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (2.72 [1.16–6.37] and 2.31 [1.05–5.10]) compared to MHN group. However, the risk of these complications and cardiovascular events (except peripheral neuropathy and cardiac autonomic neuropathy) in MHO group was not different from that in MHN group.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of metabolic health represented by insulin resistance in the development of diabetic complications and cardiovascular events in T1D beyond their weight status.

目的：代谢健康型肥胖（MHO）的概念尚未在1型糖尿病（T1D）中进行研究。通过分析DCCT/EDIC研究的数据集，我们在30年的随访中比较了肥胖和代谢健康引起的糖尿病并发症的发展。材料与方法：采用估计葡萄糖处置率（eGDR）计算胰岛素抵抗。参与者（n = 1127）根据时间加权平均体重指数和平均eGDR分为四组：代谢健康的非肥胖（MHN, n = 874），代谢不健康的非肥胖（MUN, n = 66）， MHO （n = 146）和代谢不健康的肥胖（MUO, n = 41）。比较四组患者的糖尿病并发症和心血管事件。结果：MUO组和MUN组周围神经病变的风险显著增加（在MUO组和MUN组中p = 0.001）。结论：本研究强调了以胰岛素抵抗为代表的代谢健康在T1D患者体重之外糖尿病并发症和心血管事件发展中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative Effects of Crocin and Losartan on RAGE, TGF-β, TNF-α Gene Expression and Histopathological Changes of the Liver Tissue in Rats With Diabetes 藏红花素与氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肝组织RAGE、TGF-β、TNF-α基因表达及组织病理学变化的影响

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.70016

Shahnaz Rajabi, Yaser Mohammadi, Hamid Kabiri-rad, Mahdiyeh Rajabi-moghaddam, Azam Rezaei Farimani

Background and Objectives

AGEs, via RAGE, increase the development of hyperglycemia-induced liver damage, and blocking this axis is associated with a reduction in liver disease progression. The goal of this study was to determine how crocin and losartan influenced RAGE, TNF-α and TGF-β gene expression in diabetic rats, as well as histological changes in liver tissue.

Materials and Methods

Diabetes was induced in 40 male Wistar rats using Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, IP). There were five groups of rats: diabetic and healthy groups, diabetic rats given crocin (50 mg/kg), losartan (25 mg/kg) and both (crocin + Los). Serum glucose, ALT and AST levels were measured 4 weeks later. qPCR was used to examine the TNF-α, TGF-β and RAGE gene expression in liver tissue.

Results

Crocin was found to be effective in lowering FBG in the diabetes group. The serum levels of ALT and AST decreased in all treated groups, but this decrease was significant in the crocin + Los group (p < 0.05). The relative expression of RAGE, TNF-α and TGF-β genes was significantly higher in the diabetes group compared to the healthy group. The expression of these genes decreased in groups treated with crocin and Losartan compared to the diabetes group. The highest reduction in RAGE and TGF-β gene expression was reported in those treated with crocin + Los. Histopathology results showed that the diabetes group had more bile ducts and necrosis than the healthy control group, which had no tissue changes. Hepatocyte degeneration, bile duct proliferation, inflammatory changes and hepatocyte necrosis were mild in the treated groups, but no hepatocyte necrosis was observed in the crocin + Los group.

Conclusion

Crocin may be a feasible therapeutic agent for treating diabetes and its symptoms when combined with pharmaceutical medications. Human research is still needed to reach clear conclusions.

背景和目的AGEs通过RAGE增加高血糖诱导的肝损伤的发展，阻断该轴与肝脏疾病进展的减少有关。本研究旨在探讨藏红花素和氯沙坦对糖尿病大鼠RAGE、TNF-α、TGF-β基因表达及肝组织组织学变化的影响。材料与方法用链脲佐菌素（50 mg/kg， IP）诱导40只雄性Wistar大鼠发生糖尿病。大鼠分为糖尿病组和健康组、糖尿病大鼠分别给予藏红花素（50 mg/kg）、氯沙坦（25 mg/kg）和两组（藏红花素+ Los）。4周后测定血清葡萄糖、ALT、AST水平。采用qPCR检测肝组织中TNF-α、TGF-β、RAGE基因的表达。结果藏红花素能有效降低糖尿病组空腹血糖。各治疗组血清ALT和AST水平均下降，但藏红花素+ Los组下降显著（p < 0.05）。糖尿病组RAGE、TNF-α、TGF-β基因的相对表达量明显高于健康组。与糖尿病组相比，使用藏红花素和氯沙坦治疗组这些基因的表达有所下降。据报道，藏红花素+ Los治疗组RAGE和TGF-β基因表达降低幅度最大。组织病理学结果显示，糖尿病组比健康对照组胆管增多，胆管坏死，无组织改变。治疗组肝细胞变性、胆管增生、炎症改变及肝细胞坏死较轻，而藏红花素+ Los组未见肝细胞坏死。结论藏红花素与药物联用治疗糖尿病是一种可行的药物。要得出明确的结论，还需要进行人体研究。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the Association Between Family Socioeconomic Profile and Diabetes Control in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study From Sudan 调查家庭社会经济状况与儿童糖尿病控制之间的关系：来自苏丹的横断面研究

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.70014

Hiba Ali Elzaki Hajomer, Osama Ahmed Elkhidir, Rooa Mohammed, Suodad Elhassan, Aya Abdelrahim, Yousra Ibrahim Abdallah Mohammed

Aims

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in childhood which significantly impacts quality of life, morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic background of children with diabetes and their families and to assess its association with diabetes control.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State, Sudan, in 2018, at three outpatient diabetes clinics, using standardised questionnaires. We included 138 diabetic children (T1D and T2D) aged 2–18 years using systematic random sampling. Descriptive statistics, economic indicator and inferential statistics were applied using SPSS version 20. An HbA1C level of > 7.0% was set as the cut-point for uncontrolled diabetes. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The mean age of the children was 11.1 (3.64) years. Over half of the respondents were not covered by any insurance scheme and 73% lived in urban areas. Mothers had a mean age of 37.3 (7.8), with one-fourth being illiterate, while fathers had a mean age of 45.4 (9.3). Twenty per cent of parents had higher education. Two-thirds of the participants had their HbA1C levels checked within the last 3 months. The prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes was 78.0%. No statistically significant association was found between HbA1C levels and families' socioeconomic, demographic or clinical characteristics (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Neither children' nor parents' characteristics influenced HbA1C level. The high rate of uncontrolled diabetes (78.0%), and other countries showing better profiles of control, suggests the need for exploring other contributing factors. Insulin availability and lack of home glucose monitoring need to be considered. We recommend future prospective studies to consider these factors and use multiple HbA1C measures' average as a better indicator of diabetic control.

目的糖尿病是儿童最常见的内分泌疾病，严重影响儿童的生活质量、发病率和死亡率。本研究旨在调查糖尿病儿童及其家庭的社会经济背景，并评估其与糖尿病控制的关系。方法本横断面研究于2018年在苏丹喀土穆州的三家糖尿病门诊诊所进行，采用标准化问卷。我们采用系统随机抽样的方法纳入138名2-18岁的糖尿病儿童（T1D和T2D）。采用SPSS 20版进行描述性统计、经济指标统计和推理统计。HbA1C水平设定为7.0%为未控制糖尿病的临界值。p值为<； 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。结果患儿平均年龄11.1（3.64）岁。超过一半的受访者没有任何保险计划，73%的人居住在城市地区。母亲的平均年龄为37.3岁（7.8岁），其中四分之一是文盲，而父亲的平均年龄为45.4岁（9.3岁）。20%的父母受过高等教育。三分之二的参与者在过去3个月内检查了他们的HbA1C水平。未控制的糖尿病患病率为78.0%。HbA1C水平与家庭社会经济、人口学和临床特征之间无统计学意义的关联（p > 0.05）。结论患儿及家长的特征均不影响HbA1C水平。不受控制的糖尿病比例很高（78.0%），而其他国家的控制情况较好，这表明有必要探索其他影响因素。胰岛素可用性和缺乏家庭血糖监测需要考虑。我们建议未来的前瞻性研究考虑这些因素，并使用多种HbA1C测量的平均值作为糖尿病控制的更好指标。

{"title":"Investigating the Association Between Family Socioeconomic Profile and Diabetes Control in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study From Sudan","authors":"Hiba Ali Elzaki Hajomer, Osama Ahmed Elkhidir, Rooa Mohammed, Suodad Elhassan, Aya Abdelrahim, Yousra Ibrahim Abdallah Mohammed","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in childhood which significantly impacts quality of life, morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic background of children with diabetes and their families and to assess its association with diabetes control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State, Sudan, in 2018, at three outpatient diabetes clinics, using standardised questionnaires. We included 138 diabetic children (T1D and T2D) aged 2–18 years using systematic random sampling. Descriptive statistics, economic indicator and inferential statistics were applied using SPSS version 20. An HbA1C level of > 7.0% was set as the cut-point for uncontrolled diabetes. A <i>p</i>-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of the children was 11.1 (3.64) years. Over half of the respondents were not covered by any insurance scheme and 73% lived in urban areas. Mothers had a mean age of 37.3 (7.8), with one-fourth being illiterate, while fathers had a mean age of 45.4 (9.3). Twenty per cent of parents had higher education. Two-thirds of the participants had their HbA1C levels checked within the last 3 months. The prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes was 78.0%. No statistically significant association was found between HbA1C levels and families' socioeconomic, demographic or clinical characteristics (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neither children' nor parents' characteristics influenced HbA1C level. The high rate of uncontrolled diabetes (78.0%), and other countries showing better profiles of control, suggests the need for exploring other contributing factors. Insulin availability and lack of home glucose monitoring need to be considered. We recommend future prospective studies to consider these factors and use multiple HbA1C measures' average as a better indicator of diabetic control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plasma Glycated CD59 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review 血浆糖化 CD59 与妊娠糖尿病：系统回顾

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.70013

Zahra Asadi, Roya Safari-Faramani, Faranak Aghaz, Asad Vaisi-Raygani, Saba Jalilian

Aims

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy worldwide. The standard method for screening GDM is the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, the OGTT is difficult, time-consuming and requires fasting, making it an inconvenient test for GDM. Researchers have turned their attention to alternative biomarkers for GDM. This study aimed to systematically investigate the potential of plasma glycated CD59 (pGCD59) as a new biomarker for GDM and its associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

The systematic review was performed in the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases from 1/1/2000 to 4/1/2024, and relevant studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results

The study revealed that pGCD59 levels before 20 weeks and during the second trimester of pregnancy have the potential to predict the results of the OGTT and also forecast adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as postpartum glucose intolerance (PP GI), neonatal hypoglycaemia (NH) and having large for gestational age (LGA) infants. The predictive ability of pGCD59 was found to be affected by the GDM status, especially body mass index (BMI).

Conclusions

In conclusion, pGCD59 may be a promising indicator of glucose levels and could serve as a new biomarker for GDM. However, additional studies are needed to establish a reliable reference range and cut-off value for pGCD59.

目的：妊娠糖尿病（GDM）是全球常见的妊娠并发症。筛查 GDM 的标准方法是 75 克口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）。然而，OGTT 既困难又耗时，而且需要空腹，因此对 GDM 的检测并不方便。研究人员已将注意力转向 GDM 的替代生物标志物。本研究旨在系统研究血浆糖化 CD59（pGCD59）作为 GDM 及其相关不良妊娠结局的新生物标志物的潜力：方法：该研究于 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 1 月 4 日在 PubMed、ISI Web of Science、Scopus 和 Google Scholar 数据库中进行了系统回顾，并根据纳入和排除标准筛选出相关研究。研究质量采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行评估：研究结果表明，pGCD59 水平在妊娠 20 周前和妊娠后三个月有可能预测 OGTT 的结果，也有可能预测不良妊娠结局，如产后葡萄糖不耐受（PP GI）、新生儿低血糖（NH）和胎龄巨大儿（LGA）。pGCD59 的预测能力受到 GDM 状态的影响，尤其是体重指数（BMI）：总之，pGCD59 可能是一个很有前途的血糖水平指标，可作为 GDM 的新生物标志物。然而，还需要更多的研究来确定 pGCD59 的可靠参考范围和临界值。

{"title":"Plasma Glycated CD59 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review","authors":"Zahra Asadi, Roya Safari-Faramani, Faranak Aghaz, Asad Vaisi-Raygani, Saba Jalilian","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/edm2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy worldwide. The standard method for screening GDM is the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, the OGTT is difficult, time-consuming and requires fasting, making it an inconvenient test for GDM. Researchers have turned their attention to alternative biomarkers for GDM. This study aimed to systematically investigate the potential of plasma glycated CD59 (pGCD59) as a new biomarker for GDM and its associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The systematic review was performed in the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases from 1/1/2000 to 4/1/2024, and relevant studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study revealed that pGCD59 levels before 20 weeks and during the second trimester of pregnancy have the potential to predict the results of the OGTT and also forecast adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as postpartum glucose intolerance (PP GI), neonatal hypoglycaemia (NH) and having large for gestational age (LGA) infants. The predictive ability of pGCD59 was found to be affected by the GDM status, especially body mass index (BMI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In conclusion, pGCD59 may be a promising indicator of glucose levels and could serve as a new biomarker for GDM. However, additional studies are needed to establish a reliable reference range and cut-off value for pGCD59.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Influence of Age at Menarche on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Across Different Women's Birth Cohorts 探索不同妇女出生队列中初潮年龄对代谢综合征及其组成部分的影响。

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.70015

Maryam Farahmand, Maryam Mousavi, Fereidoun Azizi, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani

Purpose

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the primary cardiovascular risk factor, making it a global issue. Our objective was to assess the association between the age at menarche (AAM) and MetS and its components in different generations of women.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 5500 eligible women aged ≥ 20 who participated in the Tehran lipid and glucose study in 2015–2017 were selected. Participants were divided into groups by birth cohorts (BC) (born ≤ 1959, 1960–1979, and ≥ 1980) and AAM (≤ 11, 12–15, and ≥ 16 years, early, normal, and late, respectively). The status of MetS and its components were compared amongst participants using logistic regression.

Results

Normal AAM (12–15 years) was considered the reference group. The adjusted model revealed that AAM ≤ 11 is associated with a higher risk of 34% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.71) in MetS, and the prevalence of MetS in the early menarche group was higher in BCI, and BCII (odds ratio (OR): 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.36 and OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.89, respectively). Those with late menarche demonstrated a lower risk (OR:0.72; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.91) of abdominal obesity, and early menarche showed a higher risk (OR: 1.45; CI: 1.14, 1.86). This higher risk in early menarche was observed in BCI and BCII (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.66 and OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.64, respectively). However, the protective effect of late menarche was observed in BC II and BC III (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.00 and OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.96, respectively).

Conclusions

The influential effect of AAM on metabolic disturbances varies amongst different generations.

目的：代谢综合征（MetS）是主要的心血管风险因素，是一个全球性问题。我们的目的是评估不同年代女性的初潮年龄（AAM）与代谢综合征及其组成部分之间的关系：在这项横断面研究中，我们选取了 5500 名年龄≥ 20 岁、参加过 2015-2017 年德黑兰血脂和血糖研究的合格女性。参与者按出生队列（BC）（≤1959 年、1960-1979 年和≥1980 年出生）和 AAM（≤11 岁、12-15 岁和≥16 岁，分别为早期、正常和晚期）分为几组。采用逻辑回归法比较了参与者的 MetS 状况及其组成部分：结果：正常年龄组（12-15 岁）被视为参照组。调整模型显示，AAM ≤ 11 与 34% （95% 置信区间 (CI)：1.04, 1.71）的 MetS 风险较高相关，而 BCI 和 BCII 早期月经组的 MetS 患病率较高（几率比 (OR) 分别为 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.36 和 OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.89）。月经初潮晚者腹部肥胖的风险较低（OR：0.72；95% CI：0.57，0.91），月经初潮早者腹部肥胖的风险较高（OR：1.45；CI：1.14，1.86）。在 BCI 和 BCII 中也观察到了这种初潮早的较高风险（OR：1.76；95% CI：1.16，2.66 和 OR：1.80；95% CI：1.23，2.64）。然而，在 BC II 和 BC III 中观察到了月经初潮晚的保护作用（OR：0.74；95% CI：0.54，1.00 和 OR：0.64；95% CI：0.44，0.96）：结论：AAM 对代谢紊乱的影响在不同代际之间存在差异。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Salivary Adipokine Levels With Appetite and Anthropometric Indices in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes 评估 2 型糖尿病患者唾液脂肪因子水平与食欲和人体测量指标之间的关系

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.70012

Amir Reza Akbarzadeh, Shiva Borzouei, Salman Khazaei, Mina Jazaeri

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the association between salivary adipokine levels, including leptin, chemerin, resistin and interleukin-6, with body mass index (BMI), waist and wrist circumference and appetite in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 104 participants were divided into three groups: 35 diabetic patients, 35 pre-diabetic individuals and 34 healthy controls. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected using the spitting method, and salivary levels of leptin, chemerin, resistin and interleukin-6 were measured via ELISA. Appetite was assessed using a standard questionnaire, and BMI, waist and wrist circumferences were measured with a tape measure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26, with a significance threshold set at 0.01.

Results

Significant differences were found in the salivary levels of leptin, chemerin, and resistin among the three groups (p < 0.01), but no significant difference was observed in the salivary levels of interleukin-6 (p > 0.01). Analysis also revealed significant differences in appetite traits among the groups, with the highest appetite trait observed in pre-diabetic subjects (p = 0.0002). The salivary level of chemerin was significantly associated with appetite traits regardless of diabetic status (p = 0.009). Appetite was also significantly related to BMI (p = 0.002) and waist circumference (p = 0.001) in all subjects. However, no significant relationship was observed between appetite and fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c levels (p > 0.01).

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that salivary levels of certain adipokines, such as leptin, chemerin and resistin, may be significantly higher in diabetic patients, although this is not true for all adipokines. While pre-diabetic patients exhibited a higher level of appetite, no positive correlation was found between salivary adipokine levels (except chemerin) and appetite or anthropometric characteristics, irrespective of diabetic status.

研究目的本研究旨在评估唾液脂肪因子（包括瘦素、螯合素、抵抗素和白细胞介素-6）水平与 2 型糖尿病患者体重指数（BMI）、腰围和腕围以及食欲之间的关系：在这项横断面研究中，104 名参与者被分为三组：35 名糖尿病患者、35 名糖尿病前期患者和 34 名健康对照组。研究人员采用吐唾液法收集未受刺激的唾液样本，并通过酶联免疫吸附法测定唾液中瘦素、螯合素、抵抗素和白细胞介素-6的水平。采用标准问卷评估食欲，并用卷尺测量体重指数、腰围和腕围。使用 SPSS 26 进行统计分析，显著性阈值设定为 0.01：结果：三个组的唾液瘦素、螯合素和抵抗素水平存在显著差异（P 0.01）。分析还显示，各组之间的食欲特质也存在显著差异，糖尿病前期受试者的食欲特质最高（P = 0.0002）。唾液中的螯合素水平与食欲特征显著相关，与糖尿病状态无关（p = 0.009）。在所有受试者中，食欲还与体重指数（p = 0.002）和腰围（p = 0.001）明显相关。然而，在食欲与空腹血浆葡萄糖或 HbA1c 水平之间没有观察到明显的关系（p > 0.01）：本研究的结果表明，糖尿病患者唾液中某些脂肪因子（如瘦素、螯合素和抵抗素）的水平可能会明显升高，但并非所有脂肪因子都是如此。虽然糖尿病前期患者的食欲水平较高，但无论糖尿病状况如何，唾液脂肪因子水平（瘦素除外）与食欲或人体测量特征之间均未发现正相关。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of Serum FABP-4 Levels in Hypothyroidism Patients: A Comparative Analysis With a Control Group and Their Correlation With Liver Function Tests and Biochemical Factors 甲状腺功能减退症患者血清 FABP-4 水平的评估：与对照组的比较分析及其与肝功能检验和生化因素的相关性

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.70011

Mundher Mohammad Hamzeh Aldulaimi, Afsaneh Shafiei, Somayeh Ghorbani, Fatima Mohammadzadeh, Safoura Khajeniazi

Background

The association of serum FABP4 and other biochemical-related parameters is important to determine complications of hypothyroidism. This study aimed to evaluate serum FABP-4 levels in hypothyroidism patients in comparison with a control group.

Materials and Methods

Forty-five patients with hypothyroidism and 45 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Liver function tests, thyroid hormones panel, lipid profile and serum FABP-4 levels were measured and compared in both groups, and their correlations were analysed.

Results

Serum FABP-4 levels were significantly higher in patients with hypothyroidism compared to the control group (p = 0.002), and serum FABP-4 level in males was higher than it in females (p = 0.022). There was a significant difference between patients with hypothyroidism and the control group in the levels of AST (p = 0.012). Moreover, serum FABP-4 levels were negatively correlated with age (p = 0.016) and positively correlated with weight (p = 0.044).

Conclusion

In our study, there was a notable increase in serum FABP-4 concentration among hypothyroidism subjects. The data suggest that FABP-4 could potentially be a superior diagnostic indicator for hypothyroidism when contrasted with a control cohort in future studies.

背景：血清 FABP4 与其他生化相关参数的关联对于确定甲减并发症非常重要。本研究旨在评估甲减患者与对照组的血清 FABP-4 水平：本研究纳入了 45 名甲减患者和 45 名健康志愿者。测量并比较两组患者的肝功能检测、甲状腺激素检测、血脂谱和血清 FABP-4 水平，并分析其相关性：结果：与对照组相比，甲状腺功能减退症患者的血清FABP-4水平明显升高（P = 0.002），男性血清FABP-4水平高于女性（P = 0.022）。甲状腺功能减退症患者的谷草转氨酶水平与对照组有明显差异（p = 0.012）。此外，血清 FABP-4 水平与年龄呈负相关（p = 0.016），与体重呈正相关（p = 0.044）：结论：在我们的研究中，甲状腺功能减退症患者的血清 FABP-4 浓度明显升高。这些数据表明，在未来的研究中，如果与对照组进行对比，FABP-4 有可能成为甲状腺功能减退症的一个较好的诊断指标。

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引用次数: 0

Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP): The Most Accurate Indicator of Overweight and Obesity Among Lipid Indices in Type 2 Diabetes—Findings From a Cross-Sectional Study 血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数（AIP）：2型糖尿病患者血脂指标中最准确的超重和肥胖指标--一项横断面研究的结果。

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.70007

Sahar Karimpour Reyhan, Amirhossein Yadegar, Sahar Samimi, Pooria Nakhaei, Alireza Esteghamati, Manouchehr Nakhjavani, Soheil Karimpour Reihan, Soghra Rabizadeh

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the relationships of conventional and calculated lipid indices with obesity or overweight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, all participants were categorised into three groups: normal weight (18 ≤ BMI < 25), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) and obese (BMI ≥ 30). Conventional lipid indices, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C, were measured. Lipid indices, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, non-HLD-C/HDL-C (atherogenic index, AI) and lipoprotein combine index (LCI), were calculated. The associations of these lipid indices with obesity and overweight status were evaluated using univariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses.

Results

In this study, 2661 patients with T2D, including 651 patients with normal weight, 1144 with overweight, and 866 with obesity, were recruited. According to a multinomial logistic regression analysis after adjustment for multiple confounders, the odds ratio (OR) was greater for the AIP than for other conventional and calculated lipid indices in overweight and obese patients with T2D. The AIP had a significant relationship with overweight, with an OR of 4.79 (95% CI: 1.65–13.85), and it had a significant relationship with obesity, with an OR of 13.64 (95% CI: 3.96–47.04). According to the ROC curve, with a cut-off value of 0.68, AIP could predict obesity with 82% sensitivity and 55% specificity (AUC = 0.770, 95% CI: 0.729–0.812, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Compared with other conventional and calculated lipid markers, the AIP is most strongly associated with obesity and overweight in patients with T2D.

背景本研究旨在评估常规血脂指数和计算血脂指数与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）患者肥胖或超重的关系：在这项横断面研究中，所有参与者被分为三组：体重正常组（18 ≤ BMI）、超重组（18 ≤ BMI）和肥胖组（18 ≤ BMI）：在这项研究中，共招募了 2661 名 T2D 患者，包括 651 名正常体重患者、1144 名超重患者和 866 名肥胖患者。在对多种混杂因素进行调整后，根据多项式逻辑回归分析，在超重和肥胖的 T2D 患者中，AIP 的几率比（OR）大于其他常规和计算的血脂指数。AIP 与超重有显著关系，OR 为 4.79（95% CI：1.65-13.85），与肥胖有显著关系，OR 为 13.64（95% CI：3.96-47.04）。根据 ROC 曲线，在临界值为 0.68 时，AIP 预测肥胖的灵敏度为 82%，特异度为 55%（AUC = 0.770，95% CI：0.729-0.812，p 结论：AIP 与其他常规和计算的血脂指标相比，具有更高的灵敏度和特异度：与其他常规和计算得出的血脂指标相比，AIP 与 T2D 患者的肥胖和超重关系最为密切。

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引用次数: 0

The Causal Role of Thyroid Hormones in Bipolar Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study 甲状腺激素在双相情感障碍中的因果作用：双样本孟德尔随机研究

IF 2.7 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.70009

James L. Li

Introduction

Bipolar disorder is a complex psychiatric condition with distinctions between clinical subtypes including Type 1 and 2 disorders. Several studies have proposed that thyroid hormones may be involved in the aetiology of bipolar disorders.

Methods

This study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationships between six thyroid hormone metrics (TSH, FT4, FT3, TT3, FT3/FT4 and TT3/FT4) and bipolar disorder and Type 1 and 2 disorders, separately. Genome-wide association (GWAS) data from the ThyroidOmics Consortium (up to 271,040 individuals of European ancestry) were used for thyroid function metrics. Bipolar disorder GWAS data included 41,917 cases and 371,549 controls (25,060 Type 1 and 6,781 Type 2 cases). We applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) methods for primary MR analysis, with MR Egger, weighted median and weighted mode for sensitivity. Additional tests assessed horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity.

Results

Higher FT4 levels showed a protective causal effect against bipolar disorder (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97, p = 4.58 × 10⁻³) and a suggestive effect on Type 1 disorders (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.99, p = 3.21 × 10⁻²). Elevated FT3 (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.35, p = 1.55 × 10⁻²) and FT3/FT4 ratio (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.02–3.82, p = 4.46 × 10⁻²) had suggestive harmful effects on Type 1 disorders. Sensitivity analyses showed consistent effects, with no significant horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the protective role of FT4 and the potentially harmful effect of elevated FT3 in Type 1 bipolar disorder, highlighting the need for further research on thyroid hormone levels as a potential treatment strategy for Type 1 bipolar disorder.

简介躁郁症是一种复杂的精神疾病，其临床亚型包括1型和2型。多项研究表明，甲状腺激素可能与躁狂症的病因有关：本研究采用双样本孟德尔随机化（MR）方法，分别研究了六种甲状腺激素指标（TSH、FT4、FT3、TT3、FT3/FT4和TT3/FT4）与双相情感障碍及1型和2型障碍之间的因果关系。甲状腺功能指标采用了甲状腺组学联合会（ThyroidOmics Consortium）的全基因组关联（GWAS）数据（多达 271,040 名欧洲血统个体）。双相情感障碍 GWAS 数据包括 41,917 例病例和 371,549 例对照（25,060 例 1 型病例和 6,781 例 2 型病例）。我们采用反方差加权（IVW）方法进行主要 MR 分析，并使用 MR Egger、加权中位数和加权模式进行灵敏度分析。其他测试评估了水平多向性和异质性：较高的 FT4 水平对双相情感障碍具有保护性因果效应（OR：0.92，95% CI：0.86-0.97，p = 4.58 × 10-3），对 1 型障碍具有提示性效应（OR：0.92，95% CI：0.86-0.99，p = 3.21 × 10-2）。FT3升高（OR：1.18，95% CI：1.03-1.35，p = 1.55 × 10-2）和FT3/FT4比值（OR：1.97，95% CI：1.02-3.82，p = 4.46 × 10-2）对1型障碍有提示性有害影响。敏感性分析显示了一致的效果，没有明显的水平多效性或异质性：这些发现凸显了FT4的保护作用和FT3升高对1型双相情感障碍的潜在有害影响，强调了进一步研究甲状腺激素水平作为1型双相情感障碍潜在治疗策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0