Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552342
Kenneth L. Morgan, J. Andrusenko, J. Z. Gehman, O. Somerlock, Steve Yao, Avinash Sharma
The NASA Artemis Program will further our understanding of Earth's moon by enabling human exploration of the lunar South Pole. This mission will require high-data-rate communications to minimize exposure of human and robotic explorers to extreme environmental effects. This requirement pushes the radio frequency higher than UHF, which would typically be used for robust surface-to-surface communications in a rugged terrain environment. To help with the design of such a communications system, the one-way propagation loss at 1.8 GHz is modeled at a candidate lunar South Pole landing site using two models: Tropospheric Electromagnetic Parabolic Equation Routine (TEMPER) and Remcom Inc.'s Wireless Insite (WI). Selenic LiDAR data of the lunar terrain is used in each model. Both models offer significant advantages over simple Line-of-Sight (LOS) coverage solutions. Each method has its advantages over the other. TEMPER captures shadowing and diffraction more accurately than WI, and WI captures scattering effects better than TEMPER. Merging the two results allows for a conservative estimate of performance, needed when designing a reliable and secure communications network on the lunar surface.
{"title":"Lunar propagation modeling using 2D Parabolic Wave and 3D Ray Tracing Solvers at 1.8 GHz","authors":"Kenneth L. Morgan, J. Andrusenko, J. Z. Gehman, O. Somerlock, Steve Yao, Avinash Sharma","doi":"10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552342","url":null,"abstract":"The NASA Artemis Program will further our understanding of Earth's moon by enabling human exploration of the lunar South Pole. This mission will require high-data-rate communications to minimize exposure of human and robotic explorers to extreme environmental effects. This requirement pushes the radio frequency higher than UHF, which would typically be used for robust surface-to-surface communications in a rugged terrain environment. To help with the design of such a communications system, the one-way propagation loss at 1.8 GHz is modeled at a candidate lunar South Pole landing site using two models: Tropospheric Electromagnetic Parabolic Equation Routine (TEMPER) and Remcom Inc.'s Wireless Insite (WI). Selenic LiDAR data of the lunar terrain is used in each model. Both models offer significant advantages over simple Line-of-Sight (LOS) coverage solutions. Each method has its advantages over the other. TEMPER captures shadowing and diffraction more accurately than WI, and WI captures scattering effects better than TEMPER. Merging the two results allows for a conservative estimate of performance, needed when designing a reliable and secure communications network on the lunar surface.","PeriodicalId":365284,"journal":{"name":"2021 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USCN-URSI RSM)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117088261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552347
O. Martínez, S. Ronda, C. Oliver, P. Márquez, J. M. Miranda
The purpose of this work is to clarify how the European Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC Directive 2014/30/EU) has been applied to a large scientific construction plant. A detailed protocol based on the Product Breakdown Structure of the installation has been devised and successfully applied to a case study: the large scale observatory based on an array of Cherenkov Telescopes.
{"title":"Applying the European Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive to Large Scientific Plants: A Case Study","authors":"O. Martínez, S. Ronda, C. Oliver, P. Márquez, J. M. Miranda","doi":"10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552347","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to clarify how the European Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC Directive 2014/30/EU) has been applied to a large scientific construction plant. A detailed protocol based on the Product Breakdown Structure of the installation has been devised and successfully applied to a case study: the large scale observatory based on an array of Cherenkov Telescopes.","PeriodicalId":365284,"journal":{"name":"2021 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USCN-URSI RSM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124363123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552370
Kefayet Ullah, S. B. Venkatakrishnan, J. Volakis
A novel four-channel receiver architecture is proposed using an orthogonal coding scheme for low-cost and low complexity millimeter-wave (mm- Wave) digital beamforming. In this proposed architecture, multiple signals are encoded with othogonal Walsh-Hadamard (WH) codes and multiplexed into a single channel. The combined signal is fed into a single Analog-to-Digital converter (ADC) at the digital baseband, leading to significant reduction in size, weight, power and cost (SWaP-C). As a result, the hardware complexity of the receiver is reduced by more than 95 %. A key challenge addressed in this paper is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation due to inter-channel interference. Interference is greatly dependent on the choice of the employed orthogonal WH codes. In this paper, we introduce methods to achieve greater than 30 dB inter-channel interference rejection across a bandwidth of 400 MHz. As such, the proposed reduced SWaP-C and interference mitigation can have a major impact in realizing innovations for the 28-GHz and beyond mmWave links.
{"title":"Low Power and Low Cost Millimeter-Wave Digital Beamformer Using An Orthogonal Coding Scheme","authors":"Kefayet Ullah, S. B. Venkatakrishnan, J. Volakis","doi":"10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552370","url":null,"abstract":"A novel four-channel receiver architecture is proposed using an orthogonal coding scheme for low-cost and low complexity millimeter-wave (mm- Wave) digital beamforming. In this proposed architecture, multiple signals are encoded with othogonal Walsh-Hadamard (WH) codes and multiplexed into a single channel. The combined signal is fed into a single Analog-to-Digital converter (ADC) at the digital baseband, leading to significant reduction in size, weight, power and cost (SWaP-C). As a result, the hardware complexity of the receiver is reduced by more than 95 %. A key challenge addressed in this paper is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation due to inter-channel interference. Interference is greatly dependent on the choice of the employed orthogonal WH codes. In this paper, we introduce methods to achieve greater than 30 dB inter-channel interference rejection across a bandwidth of 400 MHz. As such, the proposed reduced SWaP-C and interference mitigation can have a major impact in realizing innovations for the 28-GHz and beyond mmWave links.","PeriodicalId":365284,"journal":{"name":"2021 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USCN-URSI RSM)","volume":"89 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114001370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552339
C. Oliver, O. Martínez, S. Ronda, P. Márquez, J. M. Miranda
This paper proposes an undergraduate experiment to illustrate how to detect the presence of static charge and how to monitor it when it is accumulated in the human body. We also aim at revealing the severity of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) effects in electronic and optoelectronic devices by performing sensitivity tests based on Human Body Model (HBM) standard.
{"title":"A Demonstration Experiment of Charge Accumulation in Human Body","authors":"C. Oliver, O. Martínez, S. Ronda, P. Márquez, J. M. Miranda","doi":"10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552339","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an undergraduate experiment to illustrate how to detect the presence of static charge and how to monitor it when it is accumulated in the human body. We also aim at revealing the severity of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) effects in electronic and optoelectronic devices by performing sensitivity tests based on Human Body Model (HBM) standard.","PeriodicalId":365284,"journal":{"name":"2021 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USCN-URSI RSM)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130731152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552376
J. Elwell, James Higgins, A. Maxworth, J. Qualls
Magnetorquers are an essential part of the Attitude Determination and Control Systems (ADCS) of space vehicles, especially cube satellites. In this paper, we compare the magnetic dipole moment, response time, weight and other important parameters of three different magnetorquers: the printed circuit board type, square loop and rod type. Hence, cube satellite designers can select their preferred design based on the available constraints.
{"title":"Comparison of PCB, Square loop and Rod type Magnetorquers for Cubesatellites","authors":"J. Elwell, James Higgins, A. Maxworth, J. Qualls","doi":"10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552376","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetorquers are an essential part of the Attitude Determination and Control Systems (ADCS) of space vehicles, especially cube satellites. In this paper, we compare the magnetic dipole moment, response time, weight and other important parameters of three different magnetorquers: the printed circuit board type, square loop and rod type. Hence, cube satellite designers can select their preferred design based on the available constraints.","PeriodicalId":365284,"journal":{"name":"2021 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USCN-URSI RSM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129006376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552340
L. Woodger, R. Millan, J. Sample, A. Johnson, M. McCarthy, T. Sotirelis
Resonant wave-particle interactions with plasma waves (e.g. plasmaspheric hiss, whistler mode chorus, and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves) are often cited as one of the main loss processes that drive the variability of electron fluxes in the Earth's radiation belts . The evolution of our understanding of the radiation belt electron precipitation, the driving mechanism for such events, and its relative impact on radiation belt particle fluxes has moved from single point measurements to the dawn of simultaneous multi-point measurements and conjunction studies. The BARREL mission, as a mission of opportunity to the Van Allen Probes mission, deployed an array of balloon borne detectors to observe radiation belt electron losses into the atmosphere. This mission offered extended periods of time in conjunction with Van Allen Probes and polar LEO orbiting satellites. Conjunction studies have been used to correlate observed plasma waves on Van Allen Probes with electron precipitation observed on BARREL and further constrained the spatial scale of electron precipitation [1-3]. These studies, in combination with theoretical modeling, have shown that the parameter space involved in wave-particle interaction extends beyond our measurements. Therefore, in order to further advance our understanding of these phenomena and their impact on the radiation belts we need to broaden the scope of our measurements and narrow the assumptions and undefined parameters that go into the theory.
{"title":"Radiation Belt Electron Precipitation: Recent BARREL Observations and Future Missions","authors":"L. Woodger, R. Millan, J. Sample, A. Johnson, M. McCarthy, T. Sotirelis","doi":"10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552340","url":null,"abstract":"Resonant wave-particle interactions with plasma waves (e.g. plasmaspheric hiss, whistler mode chorus, and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves) are often cited as one of the main loss processes that drive the variability of electron fluxes in the Earth's radiation belts . The evolution of our understanding of the radiation belt electron precipitation, the driving mechanism for such events, and its relative impact on radiation belt particle fluxes has moved from single point measurements to the dawn of simultaneous multi-point measurements and conjunction studies. The BARREL mission, as a mission of opportunity to the Van Allen Probes mission, deployed an array of balloon borne detectors to observe radiation belt electron losses into the atmosphere. This mission offered extended periods of time in conjunction with Van Allen Probes and polar LEO orbiting satellites. Conjunction studies have been used to correlate observed plasma waves on Van Allen Probes with electron precipitation observed on BARREL and further constrained the spatial scale of electron precipitation [1-3]. These studies, in combination with theoretical modeling, have shown that the parameter space involved in wave-particle interaction extends beyond our measurements. Therefore, in order to further advance our understanding of these phenomena and their impact on the radiation belts we need to broaden the scope of our measurements and narrow the assumptions and undefined parameters that go into the theory.","PeriodicalId":365284,"journal":{"name":"2021 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USCN-URSI RSM)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129533984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552375
Lunjin Chen
The interaction of chorus waves with energetic electrons is investigated using test particle simulation, for two cases respectively, one (for a ducted chorus) with an assumption of parallel propagation along a dipole field line (Figure 1), and the other one (for an unducted chorus) with a more physical wave propagation in the dipole field. F or the latter case, ray tracing of many waves is used to reconstruct the spatial and temporal variation of electromagnetic field of chorus elements. Substantial differences in electron transport are found and signatures of electron precipitation pattern induced by the chorus waves are predicted.
{"title":"Modeling electron microburst induced by chorus waves","authors":"Lunjin Chen","doi":"10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552375","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction of chorus waves with energetic electrons is investigated using test particle simulation, for two cases respectively, one (for a ducted chorus) with an assumption of parallel propagation along a dipole field line (Figure 1), and the other one (for an unducted chorus) with a more physical wave propagation in the dipole field. F or the latter case, ray tracing of many waves is used to reconstruct the spatial and temporal variation of electromagnetic field of chorus elements. Substantial differences in electron transport are found and signatures of electron precipitation pattern induced by the chorus waves are predicted.","PeriodicalId":365284,"journal":{"name":"2021 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USCN-URSI RSM)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125124455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552356
R. Shahbaz, F. Deshours, G. Alquié, H. Kokabi, F. Koskas, I. Brocheriou, Giles Lenaour, C. Hannachi, J. Davaine
The recent years have seen a surge in interest in determining the dielectric constant of biological tissues in the microwave domain. The tissues can be classified and differentiated without radiation by using a microwave sensor. The atherosclerotic plaque of the carotid artery, which is now predominantly classified by ultrasonography and the CT scanner was not studied yet. Ultrasonography describes the level of echogenicity of the plaques, and proposes that as a representation of the plaque's composition. In this study, a microwave subwavelength resonator was employed to measure 20 carotid artery plaques and compare the results with ultrasound b-mode images. The results of the study show a correlation between the echogenicity levels and the dielectric constant of the tissues investigated. The way in which it will be evaluated in the future is how it compares to other radiological techniques.
{"title":"Diagnosis of atheromatous Carotid Plaque: Dielectric Constant Measurement Using Microwave Resonant Technique versus Ultrasound B-mode Images","authors":"R. Shahbaz, F. Deshours, G. Alquié, H. Kokabi, F. Koskas, I. Brocheriou, Giles Lenaour, C. Hannachi, J. Davaine","doi":"10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552356","url":null,"abstract":"The recent years have seen a surge in interest in determining the dielectric constant of biological tissues in the microwave domain. The tissues can be classified and differentiated without radiation by using a microwave sensor. The atherosclerotic plaque of the carotid artery, which is now predominantly classified by ultrasonography and the CT scanner was not studied yet. Ultrasonography describes the level of echogenicity of the plaques, and proposes that as a representation of the plaque's composition. In this study, a microwave subwavelength resonator was employed to measure 20 carotid artery plaques and compare the results with ultrasound b-mode images. The results of the study show a correlation between the echogenicity levels and the dielectric constant of the tissues investigated. The way in which it will be evaluated in the future is how it compares to other radiological techniques.","PeriodicalId":365284,"journal":{"name":"2021 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USCN-URSI RSM)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133515712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552352
R. Geise, A. Weiß, B. Neubauer, Altan Alkar
In this contribution results are presented for phase and amplitude measurements of antennas without any carrier synchronization. This investigation is part of the NAVANT project, that deals with near field measurements of navigation systems by means of unmanned aerial vehicle. A necessary precondition for performing such measurements is a sufficient accuracy of the phase, which usually is done with a network analyzer. However, since antennas under test are not accessible with respect to the feed, phase measurements must be done without carrier synchronization, requiring a different measurement concept, which is validated by first field tests described in this contribution with a corresponding setup at an open area test site. As a result, the phase accuracy turns out to be sufficiently accurate at VHF frequency with a maximum error of smaller than 3°.
{"title":"A Field Test for Phaseless Measurements for Nearfield Inspections of Navigation Systems with UAVs","authors":"R. Geise, A. Weiß, B. Neubauer, Altan Alkar","doi":"10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/USNC-URSIRSM52661.2021.9552352","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution results are presented for phase and amplitude measurements of antennas without any carrier synchronization. This investigation is part of the NAVANT project, that deals with near field measurements of navigation systems by means of unmanned aerial vehicle. A necessary precondition for performing such measurements is a sufficient accuracy of the phase, which usually is done with a network analyzer. However, since antennas under test are not accessible with respect to the feed, phase measurements must be done without carrier synchronization, requiring a different measurement concept, which is validated by first field tests described in this contribution with a corresponding setup at an open area test site. As a result, the phase accuracy turns out to be sufficiently accurate at VHF frequency with a maximum error of smaller than 3°.","PeriodicalId":365284,"journal":{"name":"2021 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USCN-URSI RSM)","volume":"10 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114104755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：