Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54633
A. Nazem, M. Hossaini, H. Rahami, Rohollah Bolghonabadi
Elastic solutions applicable to single underground openings usually suffer from geometry related simplification. Most tunnel shapes possess two axes of symmetry while a wide range of geometries used in tunneling practice involve only one symmetry axis. D-shape or horse-shoe shape tunnels and others with arched roof and floor are examples of the later category (one symmetry axis). In the present paper, with the use of conformal mapping, two methods were developed to determine the appropriate mapping functions on which an analytical elastic solution for a tunnel with one vertical axis of symmetry is based. These conformal mapping functions turn complicated geometries into a unit circle for the sake of simplification. These two approaches were introduced into a computer program used for an arbitrary tunnel cross section. Results showed that the second approach has more accuracy and is able to produce any shape, since it uses a nonlinear structure in its constitutive equations. Besides, the values for different coefficients have been presented for a variety of tunnel geometry curvature, as well as acceptable variation for the coefficients to represent tunnels with conventional shapes.
{"title":"Optimization of Conformal Mapping Functions used in Developing Closed-Form Solutions for Underground Structures with Conventional cross Sections","authors":"A. Nazem, M. Hossaini, H. Rahami, Rohollah Bolghonabadi","doi":"10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54633","url":null,"abstract":"Elastic solutions applicable to single underground openings usually suffer from geometry related simplification. Most tunnel shapes possess two axes of symmetry while a wide range of geometries used in tunneling practice involve only one symmetry axis. D-shape or horse-shoe shape tunnels and others with arched roof and floor are examples of the later category (one symmetry axis). In the present paper, with the use of conformal mapping, two methods were developed to determine the appropriate mapping functions on which an analytical elastic solution for a tunnel with one vertical axis of symmetry is based. These conformal mapping functions turn complicated geometries into a unit circle for the sake of simplification. These two approaches were introduced into a computer program used for an arbitrary tunnel cross section. Results showed that the second approach has more accuracy and is able to produce any shape, since it uses a nonlinear structure in its constitutive equations. Besides, the values for different coefficients have been presented for a variety of tunnel geometry curvature, as well as acceptable variation for the coefficients to represent tunnels with conventional shapes.","PeriodicalId":36564,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering","volume":"351 1","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74118766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54363
Ahmad Asaadi, M. Sharifipour
Previous case histories have shown that soil liquefaction severely damaged many structures supported on pile foundations during earthquakes. As a result, evaluating the potential for instability is an important consideration for the safe and resistant design of deep foundation against earthquakes. In this study, the liquefaction susceptibility of saturated sand interacting by single concrete pile was simulated by means of finite difference method. A nonlinear effective stress analysis was used to evaluate soil liquefaction, and the soil-pile interaction was considered using interface elements. The parameter Ru was defined as the pore water pressure ratio to investigate liquefaction in the soil mass during time. A set of numerical models were carried out by three types of soil mass with various condensation (loose, semi-dense and dense) under three ground motion with different predominant frequencies and peak accelerations. The effect of these parameters was studied using excess pore pressure, lateral movement and settlement time histories. It was found that the pile can affect the liquefaction susceptibility of soil by comparing the near pile and free field responses. However, for various soil and earthquake characteristics, it was found that the depth of soil liquefaction and triggering, varies.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of liquefaction susceptibility of soil interacting by single pile","authors":"Ahmad Asaadi, M. Sharifipour","doi":"10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54363","url":null,"abstract":"Previous case histories have shown that soil liquefaction severely damaged many structures supported on pile foundations during earthquakes. As a result, evaluating the potential for instability is an important consideration for the safe and resistant design of deep foundation against earthquakes. In this study, the liquefaction susceptibility of saturated sand interacting by single concrete pile was simulated by means of finite difference method. A nonlinear effective stress analysis was used to evaluate soil liquefaction, and the soil-pile interaction was considered using interface elements. The parameter Ru was defined as the pore water pressure ratio to investigate liquefaction in the soil mass during time. A set of numerical models were carried out by three types of soil mass with various condensation (loose, semi-dense and dense) under three ground motion with different predominant frequencies and peak accelerations. The effect of these parameters was studied using excess pore pressure, lateral movement and settlement time histories. It was found that the pile can affect the liquefaction susceptibility of soil by comparing the near pile and free field responses. However, for various soil and earthquake characteristics, it was found that the depth of soil liquefaction and triggering, varies.","PeriodicalId":36564,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74649807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54636
M. Moradi, O. Asghari, G. Norouzi, M. Riahi, R. Sokooti
Here in, an application of a new seismic inversion algorithm in one of Iran’s oilfields is described. Stochastic (geostatistical) seismic inversion, as a complementary method to deterministic inversion, is perceived as contribution combination of geostatistics and seismic inversion algorithm. This method integrates information from different data sources with different scales, as prior information in Bayesian statistics. Data integration leads to a probability density function (named as a posteriori probability) that can yield a model of subsurface. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is used to sample the posterior probability distribution, and the subsurface model characteristics can be extracted by analyzing a set of the samples. In this study, the theory of stochastic seismic inversion in a Bayesian framework was described and applied to infer P-impedance and porosity models. The comparison between the stochastic seismic inversion and the deterministic model based seismic inversion indicates that the stochastic seismic inversion can provide more detailed information of subsurface character. Since multiple realizations are extracted by this method, an estimation of pore volume and uncertainty in the estimation were analyzed.
{"title":"Joint Bayesian Stochastic Inversion of Well Logs and Seismic Data for Volumetric Uncertainty Analysis","authors":"M. Moradi, O. Asghari, G. Norouzi, M. Riahi, R. Sokooti","doi":"10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54636","url":null,"abstract":"Here in, an application of a new seismic inversion algorithm in one of Iran’s oilfields is described. Stochastic (geostatistical) seismic inversion, as a complementary method to deterministic inversion, is perceived as contribution combination of geostatistics and seismic inversion algorithm. This method integrates information from different data sources with different scales, as prior information in Bayesian statistics. Data integration leads to a probability density function (named as a posteriori probability) that can yield a model of subsurface. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is used to sample the posterior probability distribution, and the subsurface model characteristics can be extracted by analyzing a set of the samples. In this study, the theory of stochastic seismic inversion in a Bayesian framework was described and applied to infer P-impedance and porosity models. The comparison between the stochastic seismic inversion and the deterministic model based seismic inversion indicates that the stochastic seismic inversion can provide more detailed information of subsurface character. Since multiple realizations are extracted by this method, an estimation of pore volume and uncertainty in the estimation were analyzed.","PeriodicalId":36564,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":"131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81037789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54632
Asghar Azizi, S. Z. Shafaei, M. Noaparast, M. Karamoozian
Ball mills are common grinding equipment in mineral processing industries. Ball wear results from three mechanisms namely impact, abrasion and corrosion. Of these, the corrosion mechanism is the least investigated, due to its chemical-electrochemical nature. Therefore, the aims of this research were to investigate the grinding chemistry influence (slurry pH, solid percentage, water chemistry and gas purging) on corrosive wear of steel balls and to determine the contribution of corrosion mechanism to total wear of steel balls. The results indicated that the mass losses of steel balls could be reduced considerably by controlling the pulp chemistry inside the mill. In addition, the results showed that 73.51% of the corrosion products are generated from the oxidation of steel balls. It was also estimated that the corrosion mechanism accounts for 26.68% of the total wear of steel balls.
{"title":"An investigation of the corrosive wear of steel balls in grinding of sulphide ores","authors":"Asghar Azizi, S. Z. Shafaei, M. Noaparast, M. Karamoozian","doi":"10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54632","url":null,"abstract":"Ball mills are common grinding equipment in mineral processing industries. Ball wear results from three mechanisms namely impact, abrasion and corrosion. Of these, the corrosion mechanism is the least investigated, due to its chemical-electrochemical nature. Therefore, the aims of this research were to investigate the grinding chemistry influence (slurry pH, solid percentage, water chemistry and gas purging) on corrosive wear of steel balls and to determine the contribution of corrosion mechanism to total wear of steel balls. The results indicated that the mass losses of steel balls could be reduced considerably by controlling the pulp chemistry inside the mill. In addition, the results showed that 73.51% of the corrosion products are generated from the oxidation of steel balls. It was also estimated that the corrosion mechanism accounts for 26.68% of the total wear of steel balls.","PeriodicalId":36564,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86024064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54366
M. Massinaei
The estimation of metallurgical parameters of flotation process from froth visual features is the ultimate goal of a machine vision based control system. In this study, a batch flotation system was operated under different process conditions and metallurgical parameters and froth image data were determined simultaneously. Algorithms have been developed for measuring textural and physical froth features from the captured images. The correlation between the froth features and metallurgical parameters was successfully modeled, using artificial neural networks. It has been shown that the performance parameters of flotation process can be accurately estimated from the extracted image features, which is of great importance for developing automatic control systems.
{"title":"Estimation of metallurgical parameters of flotation process from froth visual features","authors":"M. Massinaei","doi":"10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54366","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of metallurgical parameters of flotation process from froth visual features is the ultimate goal of a machine vision based control system. In this study, a batch flotation system was operated under different process conditions and metallurgical parameters and froth image data were determined simultaneously. Algorithms have been developed for measuring textural and physical froth features from the captured images. The correlation between the froth features and metallurgical parameters was successfully modeled, using artificial neural networks. It has been shown that the performance parameters of flotation process can be accurately estimated from the extracted image features, which is of great importance for developing automatic control systems.","PeriodicalId":36564,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering","volume":"112 1","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86361272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54635
F. Sharifi, A. Arab-Amiri, A. Kamkar-Rouhani, M. Yousefi, B. Tokhmechi
In this research, recognition of karstic water-bearing zones using the management of exploration data in Kal-Qorno valley, situated in the Tepal area of Shahrood, has been considered. For this purpose, the sequential exploration method was conducted using geological evidences and applying remote sensing and geoelectrical resistivity methods in two major phases including the regional and local scales. Thus, geological structures and lithological units in regional scale have been investigated for groundwater potential. In this regard, suitable potential maps have been provided in the geographical information system (GIS) environment, using fuzzy data-driven and knowledge-driven methods. To obtain the final karstic water potential model, the prepared maps were combined using fuzzy ‘AND’ operator. In the local scale, geoelectrical surveys were conducted in the recognized high potential zones. Consequently, the results of geological investigations, analysis of lineaments extracted from satellite imagery and geoelectrical resistivity data modeling and interpretation were integrated to decide on the position of high yield extraction wells. As a result, karstic water zones in the study area were identified, and based on that, two suitable drilling locations to access and extract karstic groundwater in the study area have been suggested.
{"title":"A New GIS based Application of Sequential Technique to Prospect Karstic Groundwater using Remotely Sensed and Geoelectrical Methods in Karstified Tepal Area, Shahrood, Iran","authors":"F. Sharifi, A. Arab-Amiri, A. Kamkar-Rouhani, M. Yousefi, B. Tokhmechi","doi":"10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJMGE.2015.54635","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, recognition of karstic water-bearing zones using the management of exploration data in Kal-Qorno valley, situated in the Tepal area of Shahrood, has been considered. For this purpose, the sequential exploration method was conducted using geological evidences and applying remote sensing and geoelectrical resistivity methods in two major phases including the regional and local scales. Thus, geological structures and lithological units in regional scale have been investigated for groundwater potential. In this regard, suitable potential maps have been provided in the geographical information system (GIS) environment, using fuzzy data-driven and knowledge-driven methods. To obtain the final karstic water potential model, the prepared maps were combined using fuzzy ‘AND’ operator. In the local scale, geoelectrical surveys were conducted in the recognized high potential zones. Consequently, the results of geological investigations, analysis of lineaments extracted from satellite imagery and geoelectrical resistivity data modeling and interpretation were integrated to decide on the position of high yield extraction wells. As a result, karstic water zones in the study area were identified, and based on that, two suitable drilling locations to access and extract karstic groundwater in the study area have been suggested.","PeriodicalId":36564,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering","volume":"250 1","pages":"113-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78369169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53100
Akbar Salemi, F. Sereshki, M. Esmaeili
There are several methods for analysing the behaviour of underground structures under different loading conditions. Most of these methods have many simplifications; therefore, in some cases, the results are too conservative and a very high safety factor, usually of more than 2 is needed. On the other hand, for stability analysis and the designing of support systems, these methods consider segmental lining and its joints as a uniform lining or a lining with pin connections. In this study, numerical modelling of the segmental lining of a tunnel was analysed using a sensitivity analysis of the static modelling. The numerical results were obtained by using a finite difference method (FLAC2D). Using this form of analysis, a new simple methodology was introduced so that more reliable results can be obtained. By comparing the frame analysis results obtained by the SAP2000 software with those obtained by the proposed method, it was concluded that the suggested method can be used as a simple and reasonable approach for the segmental lining of underground structures such as tunnels.
{"title":"Numerical Modelling of the Segmental Lining of Underground Structures","authors":"Akbar Salemi, F. Sereshki, M. Esmaeili","doi":"10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53100","url":null,"abstract":"There are several methods for analysing the behaviour of underground structures under different loading conditions. Most of these methods have many simplifications; therefore, in some cases, the results are too conservative and a very high safety factor, usually of more than 2 is needed. On the other hand, for stability analysis and the designing of support systems, these methods consider segmental lining and its joints as a uniform lining or a lining with pin connections. In this study, numerical modelling of the segmental lining of a tunnel was analysed using a sensitivity analysis of the static modelling. The numerical results were obtained by using a finite difference method (FLAC2D). Using this form of analysis, a new simple methodology was introduced so that more reliable results can be obtained. By comparing the frame analysis results obtained by the SAP2000 software with those obtained by the proposed method, it was concluded that the suggested method can be used as a simple and reasonable approach for the segmental lining of underground structures such as tunnels.","PeriodicalId":36564,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering","volume":"172 1","pages":"147-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79520155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53102
R. Ahmadi, N. Fathianpour, G. Norouzi
To date, a number of numerical methods, including the popular Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique, have been proposed to simulate Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) responses. Despite having a number of advantages, the finite-difference method also has pitfalls such as being very time consuming in simulating the most common case of media with high dielectric permittivity, causing the forward modelling process to be very long lasting, even with modern high-speed computers. In the present study the well-known hyperbolic pattern response of horizontal cylinders, usually found in GPR B-Scan images, is used as a basic model to examine the possibility of reducing the forward modelling execution time. In general, the simulated GPR traces of common reflected objects are time shifted, as with the Normal Moveout (NMO) traces encountered in seismic reflection responses. This suggests the application of Fourier transform to the GPR traces, employing the time-shifting property of the transformation to interpolate the traces between the adjusted traces in the frequency domain (FD). Therefore, in the present study two post-processing algorithms have been adopted to increase the speed of forward modelling while maintaining the required precision. The first approach is based on linear interpolation in the Fourier domain, resulting in increasing lateral trace-to-trace interval of appropriate sampling frequency of the signal, preventing any aliasing. In the second approach, a super-resolution algorithm based on 2D-wavelet transform is developed to increase both vertical and horizontal resolution of the GPR B-Scan images through preserving scale and shape of hidden hyperbola features. Through comparing outputs from both methods with the corresponding actual high-resolution forward response, it is shown that both approaches can perform satisfactorily, although the wavelet-based approach outperforms the frequency-domain approach noticeably, both in amplitude and shape of the outputted hyperbola response.
{"title":"Proposing New Methods to Enhance the Low-Resolution Simulated GPR Responses in the Frequency and Wavelet Domains","authors":"R. Ahmadi, N. Fathianpour, G. Norouzi","doi":"10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53102","url":null,"abstract":"To date, a number of numerical methods, including the popular Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique, have been proposed to simulate Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) responses. Despite having a number of advantages, the finite-difference method also has pitfalls such as being very time consuming in simulating the most common case of media with high dielectric permittivity, causing the forward modelling process to be very long lasting, even with modern high-speed computers. In the present study the well-known hyperbolic pattern response of horizontal cylinders, usually found in GPR B-Scan images, is used as a basic model to examine the possibility of reducing the forward modelling execution time. In general, the simulated GPR traces of common reflected objects are time shifted, as with the Normal Moveout (NMO) traces encountered in seismic reflection responses. This suggests the application of Fourier transform to the GPR traces, employing the time-shifting property of the transformation to interpolate the traces between the adjusted traces in the frequency domain (FD). Therefore, in the present study two post-processing algorithms have been adopted to increase the speed of forward modelling while maintaining the required precision. The first approach is based on linear interpolation in the Fourier domain, resulting in increasing lateral trace-to-trace interval of appropriate sampling frequency of the signal, preventing any aliasing. In the second approach, a super-resolution algorithm based on 2D-wavelet transform is developed to increase both vertical and horizontal resolution of the GPR B-Scan images through preserving scale and shape of hidden hyperbola features. Through comparing outputs from both methods with the corresponding actual high-resolution forward response, it is shown that both approaches can perform satisfactorily, although the wavelet-based approach outperforms the frequency-domain approach noticeably, both in amplitude and shape of the outputted hyperbola response.","PeriodicalId":36564,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering","volume":"153 1","pages":"159-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73470143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53087
Z. Izadi, M. A. Aghighi
More than half of all hydrocarbon reservoirs are Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (NFRs), in which production forecasting is a complicated function of fluid flow in a fracture-matrix system. Modelling of fluid flow in NFRs is challenging due to formation heterogeneity and anisotropy. Stress sensitivity and depletion effect on already-complex reservoir permeability add to the sophistication. Horizontal permeability anisotropy and stress sensitivity are often ignored or inaccurately taken into account when simulating fluid flow in NFRs. The aim of this paper is to present an integrated approach for evaluating the dynamic and true anisotropic nature of permeability in naturally fractured reservoirs. Among other features, this approach considers the effect of reservoir depletion on reservoir permeability tensor, allowing more realistic production forecasts. In this approach the NFR is discretized into grids for which an analytical model yields full permeability tensors. Then, fluid flow is modelled using the finite-element method to obtain pore-pressure distribution within the reservoir. Next, another analytical model evaluates the change in the aperture of individual fractures as a function of effective stress and rock mechanical properties. The permeability tensor of each grid is then updated based on the apertures obtained for the current time step. The integrated model proceeds according to the next prescribed time increments.
{"title":"A Novel Integrated Approach to Modelling of Depletion-Induced Change in Full Permeability Tensor of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs","authors":"Z. Izadi, M. A. Aghighi","doi":"10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53087","url":null,"abstract":"More than half of all hydrocarbon reservoirs are Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (NFRs), in which production forecasting is a complicated function of fluid flow in a fracture-matrix system. Modelling of fluid flow in NFRs is challenging due to formation heterogeneity and anisotropy. Stress sensitivity and depletion effect on already-complex reservoir permeability add to the sophistication. Horizontal permeability anisotropy and stress sensitivity are often ignored or inaccurately taken into account when simulating fluid flow in NFRs. The aim of this paper is to present an integrated approach for evaluating the dynamic and true anisotropic nature of permeability in naturally fractured reservoirs. Among other features, this approach considers the effect of reservoir depletion on reservoir permeability tensor, allowing more realistic production forecasts. In this approach the NFR is discretized into grids for which an analytical model yields full permeability tensors. Then, fluid flow is modelled using the finite-element method to obtain pore-pressure distribution within the reservoir. Next, another analytical model evaluates the change in the aperture of individual fractures as a function of effective stress and rock mechanical properties. The permeability tensor of each grid is then updated based on the apertures obtained for the current time step. The integrated model proceeds according to the next prescribed time increments.","PeriodicalId":36564,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering","volume":"251 1","pages":"115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73491122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53098
A. Vaezian, M. Ziaii, M. Kamali, A. Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi
In the this research, the hydrocarbon generation potential of the Gadvan Formation as a probable source rock was investigated in the central part of the Persian Gulf at the borders of Iran. Type and maturity level of kerogen were investigated in six wells using the results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis and compared with results yielded by the modelling software program known as Pars Basin Modeler (PBM). The cross-plot of hydrogen index (HI) versus maximum temperature suggests that the Gadvan Formation reached early to mid-maturity stages in the studied area, which means that it could act as a gas prone source rock. Furthermore, the burial and thermal history of the Gadvan Formation was determined in one well. Two methods, Easy %Ro and time-temperature index (TTI) were used for the reconstruction of thermal modelling and studying the thermal maturity level in all of the drilled wells reaching the Gadvan Formation. The results of the TTI and Easy %Ro methods were in good agreement and both of confirmed the results of Rock Eval analysis. An integrated approach using different techniques showed that the Gadvan Formation can be classified as a poor gas bearing source rock in the studied area, while its maturity increases towards the southern parts of the Persian Gulf.
{"title":"Application of Thermal Modelling for Geochemical Characterization of Gadvan Formation, Persian Gulf, Iran","authors":"A. Vaezian, M. Ziaii, M. Kamali, A. Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi","doi":"10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJMGE.2014.53098","url":null,"abstract":"In the this research, the hydrocarbon generation potential of the Gadvan Formation as a probable source rock was investigated in the central part of the Persian Gulf at the borders of Iran. Type and maturity level of kerogen were investigated in six wells using the results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis and compared with results yielded by the modelling software program known as Pars Basin Modeler (PBM). The cross-plot of hydrogen index (HI) versus maximum temperature suggests that the Gadvan Formation reached early to mid-maturity stages in the studied area, which means that it could act as a gas prone source rock. Furthermore, the burial and thermal history of the Gadvan Formation was determined in one well. Two methods, Easy %Ro and time-temperature index (TTI) were used for the reconstruction of thermal modelling and studying the thermal maturity level in all of the drilled wells reaching the Gadvan Formation. The results of the TTI and Easy %Ro methods were in good agreement and both of confirmed the results of Rock Eval analysis. An integrated approach using different techniques showed that the Gadvan Formation can be classified as a poor gas bearing source rock in the studied area, while its maturity increases towards the southern parts of the Persian Gulf.","PeriodicalId":36564,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining and Geo-Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"137-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84160706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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