Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2024.v10.8811
Do Yeon Kwon, Jinsu Lim, R. Sathasivam, Md. Romij Uddin, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park
Fenugreek, an annual herb, is a significant source of diosgenin, a triterpene with bioactive properties. This study aimed to molecularly characterize diosgenin biosynthesis in various organs of fenugreek, including flowers, immature leaves, developing leaves, mature leaves, stems, roots, and pods. The biosynthetic pathway involves vital enzymes such as squalene synthase, squalene monooxygenase, cycloartenol synthase, and Sterol-3-ß-glucosyl transferase. The study found that flowers and roots exhibited the highest gene expression levels, indicating their potential significance in diosgenin biosynthesis. Diosgenin content was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, with seeds being the primary source. The findings suggest that fenugreek offers a cost-effective and rapid alternative to yam for diosgenin production, and the differential accumulation of diosgenin in different plant organs underscores the importance of understanding organ-specific biosynthesis. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into fenugreek’s potential as a bioresource for diosgenin and its diverse applications in medicine and agriculture.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of diosgenin biosynthesis in different organs of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.","authors":"Do Yeon Kwon, Jinsu Lim, R. Sathasivam, Md. Romij Uddin, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2024.v10.8811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2024.v10.8811","url":null,"abstract":"Fenugreek, an annual herb, is a significant source of diosgenin, a triterpene with bioactive properties. This study aimed to molecularly characterize diosgenin biosynthesis in various organs of fenugreek, including flowers, immature leaves, developing leaves, mature leaves, stems, roots, and pods. The biosynthetic pathway involves vital enzymes such as squalene synthase, squalene monooxygenase, cycloartenol synthase, and Sterol-3-ß-glucosyl transferase. The study found that flowers and roots exhibited the highest gene expression levels, indicating their potential significance in diosgenin biosynthesis. Diosgenin content was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, with seeds being the primary source. The findings suggest that fenugreek offers a cost-effective and rapid alternative to yam for diosgenin production, and the differential accumulation of diosgenin in different plant organs underscores the importance of understanding organ-specific biosynthesis. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into fenugreek’s potential as a bioresource for diosgenin and its diverse applications in medicine and agriculture.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140427183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2024.v10.8581
A. S. Al-Wasel, D. A. El-Rayes
Sukkary date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were treated with three levels of potassium fertilizer combined with three irrigation intervals regime, five replicates were allocated per treatment, to enhance better date peel color; decrease loose crust, and subsequently, improve high market ability. Potassium sulfate (49% K2O) was applied annually at a rate of 490 g (as common fertilization applied in the farm in which this experiment was carried out, therefore, it was considered as a control treatment), 735 g, or 980 g K2O per palm tree, each level was divided into three equal doses. The first dose was added one month after pollination; the other two doses were added at two month interval, whereas the irrigation treatments were as follows: 24 hrs (as common irrigation application in the farm used for this study, and it was considered as a control treatment), 48 hrs, or 72 hrs. The results showed a great decrease in the loose crust dates at harvesting time. An inverse proportional relationship between irrigation intervals and loose crust of dates was observed. The High potassium fertilizer treatment accompanied with 72 hrs irrigation interval treatment produced a significantly higher date quality regarding with bright yellow color, less darkening, and loose crust. High potassium fertilizer treatments (735, or 980 g K2O per palm) increased total yield, improved date weight, size, and color. Moreover, increasing potassium level affected significantly the date total antioxidant. This study showed that, a potential means to control peel darkening and loose date crust and improve quality of cv. Sukkary dates, which ultimately improves its market ability, through implementing appropriate potassium and irrigation regimes.
{"title":"The improvement of antioxidant contents and fruit quality of Sukkary date cultivar using various Potassium levels and Irrigation interval","authors":"A. S. Al-Wasel, D. A. El-Rayes","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2024.v10.8581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2024.v10.8581","url":null,"abstract":"Sukkary date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were treated with three levels of potassium fertilizer combined with three irrigation intervals regime, five replicates were allocated per treatment, to enhance better date peel color; decrease loose crust, and subsequently, improve high market ability. Potassium sulfate (49% K2O) was applied annually at a rate of 490 g (as common fertilization applied in the farm in which this experiment was carried out, therefore, it was considered as a control treatment), 735 g, or 980 g K2O per palm tree, each level was divided into three equal doses. The first dose was added one month after pollination; the other two doses were added at two month interval, whereas the irrigation treatments were as follows: 24 hrs (as common irrigation application in the farm used for this study, and it was considered as a control treatment), 48 hrs, or 72 hrs. The results showed a great decrease in the loose crust dates at harvesting time. An inverse proportional relationship between irrigation intervals and loose crust of dates was observed. The High potassium fertilizer treatment accompanied with 72 hrs irrigation interval treatment produced a significantly higher date quality regarding with bright yellow color, less darkening, and loose crust. High potassium fertilizer treatments (735, or 980 g K2O per palm) increased total yield, improved date weight, size, and color. Moreover, increasing potassium level affected significantly the date total antioxidant. This study showed that, a potential means to control peel darkening and loose date crust and improve quality of cv. Sukkary dates, which ultimately improves its market ability, through implementing appropriate potassium and irrigation regimes.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"119 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139615171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8643
M. M. M. Alabdaly, L. F. Gar
The study was conducted at the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar during three agricultural seasons, the autumn of 2021 and the spring and autumn of 2022, with the aim of producing F1 hybrids of cucumbers for greenhouses that are resistant to drought stress. Four Gynoecious lines were used, which were planted in the autumn season 2021, and 12 reciprocal and reverse hybrids were produced by full Diallel-crosses, and then planted in the spring season 2022 for the purpose of performance evaluation. Three hybrids were selected that were superior in characteristics of growth and yield with the best parents and a certified hybrid for comparison (Kanz) planted in the autumn season 2022 in an experiment carried out within the design of split plots with two factors according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replications. The first factor included 6 genotypes and the second factor included two levels of moisture depletion at 25% and 50% of the available water calculated on the weight method, and the results were as follows. The results of evaluating the performance of the produced combinations showed the superiority of three hybrids, 4×1, 4×3, and 1×4, as they recorded distinct yields of 4.97, 4.38, and 4.20 kg plant-1 respectively. The same hybrids recorded a significant positive hybrid vigor of 34.84%, 18.91% and 14.03%, respectively. The same hybrids were introduced into the third season experiment with the two best parents, 4 and 1, and it appeared that the 4×1 hybrid excelled in plant yield, amounting to 4.06 kg plant-1, and recorded the best values in all studied stress tolerance criteria, as it reached 4.06 and 4.05 in MP and GMP criteria respectively, and in SSI, YR and TOL criteria, it recorded values of 0.70, 0.10 and 0.42, respectively, and in STI, HM, YI, and DI criteria, values of 1.22, 4.05, 1.22, and 0.94, respectively while the parent P1 recorded the lowest values in stress tolerance criteria. From study concluded that the differences in the chemical responses and the amount of production of cucumber, due to the genetic variation of the genotypes under study. Three locally produced hybrids achieved superiority in yield during high moisture depletion. We recommend preserving parents 1 and 4 due to their distinctiveness and using them to produce distinctive hybrids.
{"title":"Breeding of some cucumber hybrids according to some water stress criteria under plastic houses conditions","authors":"M. M. M. Alabdaly, L. F. Gar","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8643","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar during three agricultural seasons, the autumn of 2021 and the spring and autumn of 2022, with the aim of producing F1 hybrids of cucumbers for greenhouses that are resistant to drought stress. Four Gynoecious lines were used, which were planted in the autumn season 2021, and 12 reciprocal and reverse hybrids were produced by full Diallel-crosses, and then planted in the spring season 2022 for the purpose of performance evaluation. Three hybrids were selected that were superior in characteristics of growth and yield with the best parents and a certified hybrid for comparison (Kanz) planted in the autumn season 2022 in an experiment carried out within the design of split plots with two factors according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replications. The first factor included 6 genotypes and the second factor included two levels of moisture depletion at 25% and 50% of the available water calculated on the weight method, and the results were as follows. The results of evaluating the performance of the produced combinations showed the superiority of three hybrids, 4×1, 4×3, and 1×4, as they recorded distinct yields of 4.97, 4.38, and 4.20 kg plant-1 respectively. The same hybrids recorded a significant positive hybrid vigor of 34.84%, 18.91% and 14.03%, respectively. The same hybrids were introduced into the third season experiment with the two best parents, 4 and 1, and it appeared that the 4×1 hybrid excelled in plant yield, amounting to 4.06 kg plant-1, and recorded the best values in all studied stress tolerance criteria, as it reached 4.06 and 4.05 in MP and GMP criteria respectively, and in SSI, YR and TOL criteria, it recorded values of 0.70, 0.10 and 0.42, respectively, and in STI, HM, YI, and DI criteria, values of 1.22, 4.05, 1.22, and 0.94, respectively while the parent P1 recorded the lowest values in stress tolerance criteria. From study concluded that the differences in the chemical responses and the amount of production of cucumber, due to the genetic variation of the genotypes under study. Three locally produced hybrids achieved superiority in yield during high moisture depletion. We recommend preserving parents 1 and 4 due to their distinctiveness and using them to produce distinctive hybrids.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"10 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8739
Nasser Abdullah Ghdayer Al Kaabi, Saif Ali Matar Al Blooshi, Karthishwaran Kandhan, Abdul Jaleel, Mohammed Alyafei
Plants are naturally exposed to various environmental stresses that affect their growth and development. As a desert plant, Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) has developed strategies to protect itself from most abiotic stresses. However, projected climate changes and the interaction between the various abiotic stressors will have profound effects on date palm adaptation and production In the present study, the two date palm cultivars, Sultana and Zamli cultivars were exposed to elevated levels of CO2 and enhanced UVB radiation and non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenols, α-tocopherol, reduced glutathione content) and antioxidant enzyme activities (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) activities were analysed. The results showed that the Sultana cultivar is tolerant to future climate conditions. However, more biotic stress and yield parameters are needed for the identification of biotic stress tolerant date palm cultivars.
{"title":"Response of two different Phoenix dactylifera cultivars to future climate conditions","authors":"Nasser Abdullah Ghdayer Al Kaabi, Saif Ali Matar Al Blooshi, Karthishwaran Kandhan, Abdul Jaleel, Mohammed Alyafei","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8739","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are naturally exposed to various environmental stresses that affect their growth and development. As a desert plant, Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) has developed strategies to protect itself from most abiotic stresses. However, projected climate changes and the interaction between the various abiotic stressors will have profound effects on date palm adaptation and production In the present study, the two date palm cultivars, Sultana and Zamli cultivars were exposed to elevated levels of CO2 and enhanced UVB radiation and non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenols, α-tocopherol, reduced glutathione content) and antioxidant enzyme activities (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) activities were analysed. The results showed that the Sultana cultivar is tolerant to future climate conditions. However, more biotic stress and yield parameters are needed for the identification of biotic stress tolerant date palm cultivars.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"34 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8716
Azher M. Ali, F. A. Sabit
The objective of this investigation was to assess the insecticidal efficacy of essential oils derived from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and spearmint (Mentha spicata) against two species of stored-product insects. The process of Clevenger-type water distillation was employed to extract essential oils from two distinct plant species. Subsequently, the insecticidal properties of these oils were evaluated against specimens of the American wheat weevil (Rhyzopertha dominica) and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), belonging to the Coleoptera: Bostrichidae and Tenebrionidae families, respectively. Eucalyptus oil exhibited the highest level of inhibition of insects’ reproduction. Still, when tested on adults of both types of insects, eucalyptus and spearmint oils were more effective than the control treatment. A complete inhibition of egg-laying activity (100%) was achieved using a 7% concentration of eucalyptus oil. The trials were done within controlled laboratory settings, with a notable absence of tests conducted under authentic operational conditions. Researchers who want to learn more about using essential oils as insecticides in the future should focus on making pesticide formulations that work well in a wide range of production settings.
{"title":"Eucalyptus and spearmint oils inhibit the biological activity of lesser grain borer and red flour beetles","authors":"Azher M. Ali, F. A. Sabit","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8716","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this investigation was to assess the insecticidal efficacy of essential oils derived from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and spearmint (Mentha spicata) against two species of stored-product insects. The process of Clevenger-type water distillation was employed to extract essential oils from two distinct plant species. Subsequently, the insecticidal properties of these oils were evaluated against specimens of the American wheat weevil (Rhyzopertha dominica) and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), belonging to the Coleoptera: Bostrichidae and Tenebrionidae families, respectively. Eucalyptus oil exhibited the highest level of inhibition of insects’ reproduction. Still, when tested on adults of both types of insects, eucalyptus and spearmint oils were more effective than the control treatment. A complete inhibition of egg-laying activity (100%) was achieved using a 7% concentration of eucalyptus oil. The trials were done within controlled laboratory settings, with a notable absence of tests conducted under authentic operational conditions. Researchers who want to learn more about using essential oils as insecticides in the future should focus on making pesticide formulations that work well in a wide range of production settings.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"111 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139174920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8699
R. Sathasivam, Haeng-Hoon Kim, B. V. Nguyen, Jiwon Yoon, Byung Bae Park, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park
The productivity of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in plants varies depending on the type of stress. In this work, we looked into how different phenylpropanoid chemicals accumulated in Euonymus alatus following exposure to different concentrations of CuCl2 (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM), HgCl2 (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM), and NiSO4 (10, 50, and 100 mM). We analyzed some of the individual phenolic chemicals by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In nearly all cases, rutin showed the largest concentration among the phenylpropanoid chemicals, followed by epicatechin, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid. However, due to the change in the concentration of the heavy metals, the amount of phenylpropanoid changed. The highest accumulation of phenylpropanoid was documented in 0.1 mM CuCl2, whereas it was reduced in 1 mM HgCl2 exposed plants. These findings unequivocally demonstrate that the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway took part in the heavy metal tolerance process, which shielded E. alatus from the oxidative damage brought on by heavy metals. Thus, under a variety of environmental stress situations, this species with a high tolerance to heavy metals may survive.
植物中苯丙类生物合成途径的生产率因胁迫类型而异。在这项工作中，我们研究了在暴露于不同浓度的CuCl2（0.1、0.5和1 mM）、HgCl2（0.1、0.5和1 mM）和NiSO4（10、50和100 mM）后，不同的苯丙醇类化学物质在欧鼠李中的积累情况。我们用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分析了其中的一些酚类化学物质。几乎在所有情况下，芦丁都是苯丙类化学物质中浓度最高的，其次是表儿茶素、山奈酸、对香豆酸、反式肉桂酸、阿魏酸和咖啡酸。然而，由于重金属浓度的变化，苯丙氨酸的含量也发生了变化。在 0.1 mM CuCl2 条件下，苯丙酮的积累量最高，而在 1 mM HgCl2 条件下，苯丙酮的积累量则有所减少。这些发现清楚地表明，苯丙氨代谢途径参与了重金属耐受过程，从而保护了E. alatus免受重金属带来的氧化损伤。因此，在各种环境压力下，这种对重金属具有高度耐受性的物种都能存活下来。
{"title":"Effect of heavy metals on phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Euonymus alatus","authors":"R. Sathasivam, Haeng-Hoon Kim, B. V. Nguyen, Jiwon Yoon, Byung Bae Park, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8699","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in plants varies depending on the type of stress. In this work, we looked into how different phenylpropanoid chemicals accumulated in Euonymus alatus following exposure to different concentrations of CuCl2 (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM), HgCl2 (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM), and NiSO4 (10, 50, and 100 mM). We analyzed some of the individual phenolic chemicals by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In nearly all cases, rutin showed the largest concentration among the phenylpropanoid chemicals, followed by epicatechin, sinapic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid. However, due to the change in the concentration of the heavy metals, the amount of phenylpropanoid changed. The highest accumulation of phenylpropanoid was documented in 0.1 mM CuCl2, whereas it was reduced in 1 mM HgCl2 exposed plants. These findings unequivocally demonstrate that the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway took part in the heavy metal tolerance process, which shielded E. alatus from the oxidative damage brought on by heavy metals. Thus, under a variety of environmental stress situations, this species with a high tolerance to heavy metals may survive.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"388 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8484
Meryem Ibnmrhar, Abelhak Bouabdli, B. Baghdad, R. Moussadek
Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems have gained significant attention as a sustainable cropping approach that not only improves crop yields but also contributes to climate change adaptation and mitigation through enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, a comprehensive understanding of the influence of soil texture and climate conditions on SOC sequestration under CA remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA method, analyzing data from 35 peer-reviewed articles encompassing 71 field experiments and 451 observations worldwide. Our findings demonstrate the substantial positive impact of CA on SOC sequestration, with an overall increase of approximately 78%. Remarkably, only a mere 2% of observations reported neutral effects, while 20% indicated adverse outcomes. Notably, SOC sequestration rates were highest in tropical regions experiencing dry winters, reaching an impressive 2.50 Mg/ha/year in the topsoil layers. Moreover, fine and moderate textured soils, such as clay, clay loam, loam, and clay sandy, exhibited higher SOC sequestration rates (20-27%) compared to coarse-textured soils dominated by sandy proportions (9%). These findings emphasize the significance of climate conditions and soil texture in shaping the impact of CA on SOC sequestration.
{"title":"Unlocking the potential of conservation agriculture for soil carbon sequestration influenced by soil texture and climate: A worldwide systematic review","authors":"Meryem Ibnmrhar, Abelhak Bouabdli, B. Baghdad, R. Moussadek","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8484","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems have gained significant attention as a sustainable cropping approach that not only improves crop yields but also contributes to climate change adaptation and mitigation through enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, a comprehensive understanding of the influence of soil texture and climate conditions on SOC sequestration under CA remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA method, analyzing data from 35 peer-reviewed articles encompassing 71 field experiments and 451 observations worldwide. Our findings demonstrate the substantial positive impact of CA on SOC sequestration, with an overall increase of approximately 78%. Remarkably, only a mere 2% of observations reported neutral effects, while 20% indicated adverse outcomes. Notably, SOC sequestration rates were highest in tropical regions experiencing dry winters, reaching an impressive 2.50 Mg/ha/year in the topsoil layers. Moreover, fine and moderate textured soils, such as clay, clay loam, loam, and clay sandy, exhibited higher SOC sequestration rates (20-27%) compared to coarse-textured soils dominated by sandy proportions (9%). These findings emphasize the significance of climate conditions and soil texture in shaping the impact of CA on SOC sequestration.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"365 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8364
Md. Golam Rabbani, M. Salam, S. Kheya, Swapan Kumar Paul
Phosphorus is a very important nutritional element that affects soybean growth and nodule nitrogen fixation. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of phosphorus on the growth, yield and quality of different soybean varieties. In this regard, five different doses of phosphorus viz., control (no phosphorus), 50% of the recommended dose (RD) (18 kg ha-1), 100% of RD (36 kg ha-1), 150% of RD (54 kg ha-1) and 200% of RD (72 kg ha-1) were applied on eight distinct soybean varieties namely Shohag, BARI Soybean-5, BARI Soybean-6, PB-1, Binasoybean-1, Binasoybean-2, Binasoybean-3 and Binasoybean-4. The experiment was set up using a randomized complete block design with three replications, Soybean varieties showed variability in terms of plant stature, number of branches plant-1 and number of nodules plant-1. Application of 100% of RD of phosphorus gave maximum plant height, number of branches plant-1 and nodules plant-1 at 45, 60 and 75 DATs. In the case of variety, Binasoybean-1 showed the maximum number of pods plant-1, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. Application of 100% RD of phosphorus exhibited maximum number of branches plant-1, pod length, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, seed yield, protein and oil contents. Considering the interaction effect, Binasoybean-1 responded well to the application of 100% of RD of phosphorus and gave the maximum seed yield with the highest protein content. Finally, it may be concluded that Binasoybean-1 with the application of 100% RD of phosphorus would be recommended to get desirable yield and quality of soybean.
{"title":"Effect of phosphorus fertilization on nodulation, growth, yield and quality of soybean varieties","authors":"Md. Golam Rabbani, M. Salam, S. Kheya, Swapan Kumar Paul","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8364","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus is a very important nutritional element that affects soybean growth and nodule nitrogen fixation. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of phosphorus on the growth, yield and quality of different soybean varieties. In this regard, five different doses of phosphorus viz., control (no phosphorus), 50% of the recommended dose (RD) (18 kg ha-1), 100% of RD (36 kg ha-1), 150% of RD (54 kg ha-1) and 200% of RD (72 kg ha-1) were applied on eight distinct soybean varieties namely Shohag, BARI Soybean-5, BARI Soybean-6, PB-1, Binasoybean-1, Binasoybean-2, Binasoybean-3 and Binasoybean-4. The experiment was set up using a randomized complete block design with three replications, Soybean varieties showed variability in terms of plant stature, number of branches plant-1 and number of nodules plant-1. Application of 100% of RD of phosphorus gave maximum plant height, number of branches plant-1 and nodules plant-1 at 45, 60 and 75 DATs. In the case of variety, Binasoybean-1 showed the maximum number of pods plant-1, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. Application of 100% RD of phosphorus exhibited maximum number of branches plant-1, pod length, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, seed yield, protein and oil contents. Considering the interaction effect, Binasoybean-1 responded well to the application of 100% of RD of phosphorus and gave the maximum seed yield with the highest protein content. Finally, it may be concluded that Binasoybean-1 with the application of 100% RD of phosphorus would be recommended to get desirable yield and quality of soybean.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-18DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8654
Saadi Sattar Shahadha, Mohammed Al-Dharob, Mohammed Al-Jubouri, Riyadh M. Salih
Finding an appropriate field management strategy for improving crop and water production becomes an imperious necessity because of the irrigation water deficiency in most of the agricultural fields in Iraq. Studying the response of soil properties to the applied soil amendments represents one of the critical parameters in agricultural field management for improving crop production and water use efficiency of Iraqi strategic crops. The effect of soil amendments (compost = 7.5 t/ha and perlite/0.1% Polyvinyl alcohol = 0.25 t/ha) on the water use efficiency and crop production under three levels of water depletion (30, 50, and 70%) of the available soil water was examined for wheat and barley crops. The study was applied under the sprinkler irrigation system. The experimental design was RCBD within 6 treatments and 3 replications for each wheat and barley. The results show that the soil amendments of expanded perlite and compost exhibit an improvement in the soil properties of soil bulk density and soil water content. Soil amendments, especially, the expanded perlite improved the crop yield and water use efficiency under all irrigation levels. The effect of expanded perlite shows the maximum effect on barley production under the 50% irrigation level with 3500 kg/ha. The irrigation level of 70% could be a worth-able management strategy if it is associated with the soil amendments of compost and expanded perlite. As a result, the effectiveness of expanded perlite increased with the increase in the drought of Iraqi soil.
{"title":"The impact of compost and expanded perlite on soil physical properties and water productivity under different irrigation practices","authors":"Saadi Sattar Shahadha, Mohammed Al-Dharob, Mohammed Al-Jubouri, Riyadh M. Salih","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8654","url":null,"abstract":"Finding an appropriate field management strategy for improving crop and water production becomes an imperious necessity because of the irrigation water deficiency in most of the agricultural fields in Iraq. Studying the response of soil properties to the applied soil amendments represents one of the critical parameters in agricultural field management for improving crop production and water use efficiency of Iraqi strategic crops. The effect of soil amendments (compost = 7.5 t/ha and perlite/0.1% Polyvinyl alcohol = 0.25 t/ha) on the water use efficiency and crop production under three levels of water depletion (30, 50, and 70%) of the available soil water was examined for wheat and barley crops. The study was applied under the sprinkler irrigation system. The experimental design was RCBD within 6 treatments and 3 replications for each wheat and barley. The results show that the soil amendments of expanded perlite and compost exhibit an improvement in the soil properties of soil bulk density and soil water content. Soil amendments, especially, the expanded perlite improved the crop yield and water use efficiency under all irrigation levels. The effect of expanded perlite shows the maximum effect on barley production under the 50% irrigation level with 3500 kg/ha. The irrigation level of 70% could be a worth-able management strategy if it is associated with the soil amendments of compost and expanded perlite. As a result, the effectiveness of expanded perlite increased with the increase in the drought of Iraqi soil.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139261713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8566
J. Jayanth, H. K. Ravikiran, K. M. Madhu
The 2S-DT (Self-Supervised Decomposition for Transfer Learning) model, created for crop categorization using remotely sensed data, is a unique method introduced in this paper. It deals with the difficulty of incorrectly identifying crops with comparable phenology patterns, a problem that frequently arises in agricultural remote sensing. Two datasets from Nanajangudu taluk in the Mysore district, which has a widely varied irrigated agriculture system, are used to assess the model. Using self-supervised learning, the 2S-DT model addresses the misclassification issue that frequently occurs when working with unlabeled classes, especially in high-resolution images. It uses class decomposition (CD) layer and a downstream learning approach. Using the model’s learning and the particulars of each geographical context, this layer improves the information’s arrangement. Our model architecture’s foundation is ResNet, a well-known deep learning framework. Each residual block in our ResNet architecture is made up of two 3x3 convolutional layers. Each convolutional layer is followed by batch normalization and Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation functions, which improve the model’s capacity for learning. We utilized a 7x7 convolutional layer with 64 filters and a stride of 2 for Conv1 in ResNet18, resulting in an output size of 112x112x64. Conv2, which consists of Res2a and Res2b, generated an output with the dimensions 48x48x64. Conv3, which included Res3a and Res3b, produced an output with the dimensions 28x28x128. These architectural selections were made with our experimental needs in mind. The 2S-DT model’s newly added features make it easier to identify classes and update weights, improving the stability of the features’ spatial and spectral data. Extensive tests performed on two datasets show the model’s viability. Overall accuracy has improved significantly, with the 2S-DT model surpassing comparable models like TVSM, 3DCAE, and GAN Model by obtaining 95.65% accuracy for dataset 1 and 88.91% accuracy for dataset 2.
本文介绍了一种独特的基于遥感数据的作物分类方法，即2S-DT (Self-Supervised Decomposition for Transfer Learning)模型。它处理了不正确地识别具有可比物候模式的作物的困难，这是农业遥感中经常出现的问题。来自迈索尔地区的Nanajangudu taluk的两个数据集被用于评估该模型，该地区拥有广泛多样的灌溉农业系统。使用自监督学习，2S-DT模型解决了在处理未标记类时经常出现的错误分类问题，特别是在高分辨率图像中。它使用类分解(CD)层和下游学习方法。这一层利用模型的学习和每个地理环境的特殊性，改进了信息的排列。我们的模型架构的基础是ResNet，一个著名的深度学习框架。我们的ResNet架构中的每个残差块由两个3x3卷积层组成。每个卷积层之后是批归一化和整流线性单元(ReLU)激活函数，提高了模型的学习能力。我们在ResNet18中使用了一个7x7的卷积层，其中包含64个过滤器，Conv1的步长为2，结果输出大小为112x112x64。由Res2a和Res2b组成的Conv2生成了尺寸为48x48x64的输出。Conv3(包括Res3a和Res3b)产生的输出尺寸为28x28x128。这些建筑的选择是考虑到我们的实验需求。2S-DT模型新增的特征使其更容易识别类别和更新权重，提高了特征空间和光谱数据的稳定性。在两个数据集上进行的广泛测试显示了该模型的可行性。总体准确率显著提高，2S-DT模型在数据集1和数据集2的准确率分别达到95.65%和88.91%，超过了TVSM、3DCAE和GAN模型等可比模型。
{"title":"Classification of Crops through Self-Supervised Decomposition for Transfer Learning","authors":"J. Jayanth, H. K. Ravikiran, K. M. Madhu","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8566","url":null,"abstract":"The 2S-DT (Self-Supervised Decomposition for Transfer Learning) model, created for crop categorization using remotely sensed data, is a unique method introduced in this paper. It deals with the difficulty of incorrectly identifying crops with comparable phenology patterns, a problem that frequently arises in agricultural remote sensing. Two datasets from Nanajangudu taluk in the Mysore district, which has a widely varied irrigated agriculture system, are used to assess the model. Using self-supervised learning, the 2S-DT model addresses the misclassification issue that frequently occurs when working with unlabeled classes, especially in high-resolution images. It uses class decomposition (CD) layer and a downstream learning approach. Using the model’s learning and the particulars of each geographical context, this layer improves the information’s arrangement. Our model architecture’s foundation is ResNet, a well-known deep learning framework. Each residual block in our ResNet architecture is made up of two 3x3 convolutional layers. Each convolutional layer is followed by batch normalization and Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation functions, which improve the model’s capacity for learning. We utilized a 7x7 convolutional layer with 64 filters and a stride of 2 for Conv1 in ResNet18, resulting in an output size of 112x112x64. Conv2, which consists of Res2a and Res2b, generated an output with the dimensions 48x48x64. Conv3, which included Res3a and Res3b, produced an output with the dimensions 28x28x128. These architectural selections were made with our experimental needs in mind. The 2S-DT model’s newly added features make it easier to identify classes and update weights, improving the stability of the features’ spatial and spectral data. Extensive tests performed on two datasets show the model’s viability. Overall accuracy has improved significantly, with the 2S-DT model surpassing comparable models like TVSM, 3DCAE, and GAN Model by obtaining 95.65% accuracy for dataset 1 and 88.91% accuracy for dataset 2.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136077976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：