Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8544
Saadi Sattar Shahadha, Muneam K. Mukhlif, Riyadh M. Salih
Water scarcity becomes a serious global challenge in several world regions and particularly in the Middle East. Appropriate irrigation practice is critical for improving crop yield and alleviating crop water footprint (WF). To alleviate water scarcity, the possibility of reducing wheat and barley water footprint has been examined through alternative surface irrigation practices. The WF was compared under farmers’ irrigation practice and experimental irrigation practice to discover the impact of irrigation practices on the reduction of WF in the west of Baghdad. Weather data and crop management information were collected from 2016 to 2020 for the farmer’s fields in the study area as well as for the experimental field. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) was used for estimating wheat and barley evapotranspiration. The study results showed that the crop WF was well estimated using the RZWQM2 due to the model capability and accuracy for estimating the impact of field management on crop evapotranspiration and crop water use. Experimental irrigation practice could improve crop yield, water use efficiency, and water profitability by up to 28%, 35%, and 35%, respectively; while the WF was reduced by 35%, compared to the farmers’ irrigation practice. The WF of the wheat crop was lower than the barley WF due to the low barley production.
{"title":"Impact of irrigation management on crop water footprint reduction using RZWQM2 in Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"Saadi Sattar Shahadha, Muneam K. Mukhlif, Riyadh M. Salih","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8544","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity becomes a serious global challenge in several world regions and particularly in the Middle East. Appropriate irrigation practice is critical for improving crop yield and alleviating crop water footprint (WF). To alleviate water scarcity, the possibility of reducing wheat and barley water footprint has been examined through alternative surface irrigation practices. The WF was compared under farmers’ irrigation practice and experimental irrigation practice to discover the impact of irrigation practices on the reduction of WF in the west of Baghdad. Weather data and crop management information were collected from 2016 to 2020 for the farmer’s fields in the study area as well as for the experimental field. The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) was used for estimating wheat and barley evapotranspiration. The study results showed that the crop WF was well estimated using the RZWQM2 due to the model capability and accuracy for estimating the impact of field management on crop evapotranspiration and crop water use. Experimental irrigation practice could improve crop yield, water use efficiency, and water profitability by up to 28%, 35%, and 35%, respectively; while the WF was reduced by 35%, compared to the farmers’ irrigation practice. The WF of the wheat crop was lower than the barley WF due to the low barley production.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135253644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8538
T. V. Silva, P. T. Carneiro, V. R. D. Santos, Ricardo Barros Silva, G. D. C. G. Neto, J. M. J. S. Pavão
The physiology of rocket plants at different salinity levels through irrigation water and leaching fractions was assessed. Four salinity levels of irrigation water: 0.10, 1.60, 3.10 and 4.60 dS m-1 and three leaching fractions: 0, 10 and 20% were applied. The physiological variables analyzed were photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and photosynthetic pigment contents. The growth and biomass production were analyzed by: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and partitioned and total plant fresh and dry mass, and root to aerial part ratio. The leaching fraction of 10% combined with irrigation with water salinity levels ranging from 0.10 to 0.88 dS m-1 resulted in greater plant height, leaf area and root, shoot and total dry mass. The leaching fraction of 20% with irrigation water with salinity levels from 0.10 to 2.7 dS m-1 generates higher leaf number, shoot fresh mass, root-to-shoot ratio, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic rate. Irrigation water with a salinity level of 0.10 dS m-1 provides a higher transpiration rate for rocket plants. Irrigation water with a salinity level of 4.6 dS m-1 generates higher chlorophyll a, b and total (a + b) and carotenoid contents in rocket plants.
{"title":"Eruca sativa plants modulate growth and gas exchange when cultivated under salinity stress after leaching fractions","authors":"T. V. Silva, P. T. Carneiro, V. R. D. Santos, Ricardo Barros Silva, G. D. C. G. Neto, J. M. J. S. Pavão","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8538","url":null,"abstract":"The physiology of rocket plants at different salinity levels through irrigation water and leaching fractions was assessed. Four salinity levels of irrigation water: 0.10, 1.60, 3.10 and 4.60 dS m-1 and three leaching fractions: 0, 10 and 20% were applied. The physiological variables analyzed were photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and photosynthetic pigment contents. The growth and biomass production were analyzed by: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and partitioned and total plant fresh and dry mass, and root to aerial part ratio. The leaching fraction of 10% combined with irrigation with water salinity levels ranging from 0.10 to 0.88 dS m-1 resulted in greater plant height, leaf area and root, shoot and total dry mass. The leaching fraction of 20% with irrigation water with salinity levels from 0.10 to 2.7 dS m-1 generates higher leaf number, shoot fresh mass, root-to-shoot ratio, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic rate. Irrigation water with a salinity level of 0.10 dS m-1 provides a higher transpiration rate for rocket plants. Irrigation water with a salinity level of 4.6 dS m-1 generates higher chlorophyll a, b and total (a + b) and carotenoid contents in rocket plants.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8511
F. Al-Aani, O. Sadoon
Among the undesirable effects of soil compaction is a measurable reduction in plant growth and crop yield. The prevailing belief is that compacted tillage pans are caused by repetitive farming practices, heavy tractors, tillage tools, and field traffic. This experiment was conducted to determine and map the hardpan layers across an agricultural field through advanced technologies of precision agriculture. These valuable techniques such as data logger, yield map, and data analysis of performance indicators were linked with accurate global positioning systems (GPS) datasets. These important technologies provided the farmers and helped them to identify and manage areas of the fields with higher compacted layers. Three ground speeds 4.3, 5.2, and 6.4 km h-1 were performed with two tillage depths 25 and 40 cm of a chisel plow. The effects of these two factors were studied to determine slippage percentage, field productivity, traction power, and fuel consumption. For the first shallow 25 cm depth, the results showed that increasing the speed from 4.3 to 5.2 and then to 6.4 km h-1 led to a significant increase in slippage percentage from 7.22 to 10.35 and then to 12.63%, respectively. Increasing the speed increases field productivity from 0.547 to 0.663 then to 0. 749 ha hour-1, and tractive power increases from 9.44 to 11.74, then to 13.24 hp. As a result, there was a significant increase in the fuel consumption rate from 18.44 to 20.15, then to 22.27 L hour-1, respectively. Changing the depth from 25 to 40 cm and increasing the practical speed from 4.3 to 5.2 and then to 6.4 km h-1 led to a significant increase in slippage percentage from 10.14 to 12.77 and then to 15.27%, and a significant increase in field productivity from 0.446 to 0.568 and then to 0.640 ha hour-1, respectively. This led to a significant increase in traction power from 12.72 to 13.36, then to 15.87 hp. Increasing the speed also brought a significant increase in fuel rate from 22.14 to 23.54 and then to 26.14 L ha-1, respectively. Based on this study, it was concluded that the use of this powerful approach was a useful methodology to reflect, determine, specify, and manage the regions of induced and hardpan zones by means of dataset analyses provided by the GPS for the desired field.
土壤压实的不良影响包括植物生长和作物产量的显著下降。普遍认为，压实的耕作盘是由重复的耕作方式、重型拖拉机、耕作工具和田间交通造成的。这项实验是为了通过先进的精准农业技术来确定和绘制农田中的硬土层。这些有价值的技术，如数据记录器、产量图和性能指标的数据分析，都与精确的全球定位系统（GPS）数据集联系在一起。这些重要技术为农民提供了帮助，帮助他们识别和管理压实层较高的田地区域。在凿犁的两个耕作深度分别为25和40cm的情况下，进行了4.3、5.2和6.4km h-1的三种地面速度。研究了这两个因素的影响，以确定打滑率、田间生产率、牵引功率和燃料消耗。对于第一个浅25 cm深度，结果表明，将速度从4.3增加到5.2，然后增加到6.4 km h-1，滑动百分比分别从7.22显著增加到10.35，然后增加至12.63%。提高速度可将田间生产力从0.547提高到0.663，然后再提高到0。749公顷小时-1，牵引功率从9.44增加到11.74，然后增加到13.24马力。结果，油耗率显著提高，分别从18.44升至20.15，然后升至22.27升小时-1。将深度从25厘米改变到40厘米，并将实际速度从4.3增加到5.2，然后增加到6.4公里小时1，导致滑移率从10.14显著增加到12.77，然后增加至15.27%，田间生产力分别从0.446显著增加到0.568，然后显著增加至0.640公顷小时1。这导致牵引功率从12.72马力显著增加到13.36马力，然后又增加到15.87马力。提高速度也使燃油率显著增加，分别从22.14升增加到23.54升，然后增加到26.14升ha-1。基于这项研究，得出的结论是，使用这种强大的方法是一种有用的方法，可以通过GPS为所需领域提供的数据集分析来反映、确定、指定和管理诱发区和硬壳区的区域。
{"title":"Modern GPS diagnostic technique to determine and map soil hardpan for enhancing agricultural operation management","authors":"F. Al-Aani, O. Sadoon","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8511","url":null,"abstract":"Among the undesirable effects of soil compaction is a measurable reduction in plant growth and crop yield. The prevailing belief is that compacted tillage pans are caused by repetitive farming practices, heavy tractors, tillage tools, and field traffic. This experiment was conducted to determine and map the hardpan layers across an agricultural field through advanced technologies of precision agriculture. These valuable techniques such as data logger, yield map, and data analysis of performance indicators were linked with accurate global positioning systems (GPS) datasets. These important technologies provided the farmers and helped them to identify and manage areas of the fields with higher compacted layers. Three ground speeds 4.3, 5.2, and 6.4 km h-1 were performed with two tillage depths 25 and 40 cm of a chisel plow. The effects of these two factors were studied to determine slippage percentage, field productivity, traction power, and fuel consumption. For the first shallow 25 cm depth, the results showed that increasing the speed from 4.3 to 5.2 and then to 6.4 km h-1 led to a significant increase in slippage percentage from 7.22 to 10.35 and then to 12.63%, respectively. Increasing the speed increases field productivity from 0.547 to 0.663 then to 0. 749 ha hour-1, and tractive power increases from 9.44 to 11.74, then to 13.24 hp. As a result, there was a significant increase in the fuel consumption rate from 18.44 to 20.15, then to 22.27 L hour-1, respectively. Changing the depth from 25 to 40 cm and increasing the practical speed from 4.3 to 5.2 and then to 6.4 km h-1 led to a significant increase in slippage percentage from 10.14 to 12.77 and then to 15.27%, and a significant increase in field productivity from 0.446 to 0.568 and then to 0.640 ha hour-1, respectively. This led to a significant increase in traction power from 12.72 to 13.36, then to 15.87 hp. Increasing the speed also brought a significant increase in fuel rate from 22.14 to 23.54 and then to 26.14 L ha-1, respectively. Based on this study, it was concluded that the use of this powerful approach was a useful methodology to reflect, determine, specify, and manage the regions of induced and hardpan zones by means of dataset analyses provided by the GPS for the desired field.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48728365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-22DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8508
Sahar M. S. Alkhafaji, Q. Ahmed
The flower fly species, Eupeodes nuba (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is crucial for agroecosystems as it provides various ecosystem services such as pest control through the use of predatory larvae and crop pollination by adults. In this research, the consumption rate of different instars of Aphis fabae (Scopoli, 1763) by E. nuba larvae has been studied under laboratory conditions at 25±2 °C, 60±10% humidity (RH). Fifty aphids and one larva of flower fly were present in each replicate. The results showed that the maximum number of A. fabae consumed by the larvae of E. nuba was 49.13 individuals at the third instar, followed by 35.73 individuals of aphids at the second instar and 16.26 individuals for the first instar of the predator. The highest daily consumption of aphids occurred during the third instar of the predator. A. fabae was heavily parasitized by different aphid parasitoids, Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall, 1896), Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896), and Aphelinus asychis (Walker, 1839) on the broad bean. Parasitization rates of these parasitoids increased during the broad bean plant season. The first recording of A. fabae as a new host for A. psychic. The survey of three parasitoids indicated that L. fabarum had the highest population in December, the parasitoid B. acalephae was the highest in January, and the highest population of A. asychis was recorded in February. It seems that biological control can be used as an alternative to chemical pesticides to control A. fabae.
{"title":"Predation potential of flower fly Eupeodes nuba (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Syrphidae) on black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the parasitoids species on its host in the field","authors":"Sahar M. S. Alkhafaji, Q. Ahmed","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8508","url":null,"abstract":"The flower fly species, Eupeodes nuba (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is crucial for agroecosystems as it provides various ecosystem services such as pest control through the use of predatory larvae and crop pollination by adults. In this research, the consumption rate of different instars of Aphis fabae (Scopoli, 1763) by E. nuba larvae has been studied under laboratory conditions at 25±2 °C, 60±10% humidity (RH). Fifty aphids and one larva of flower fly were present in each replicate. The results showed that the maximum number of A. fabae consumed by the larvae of E. nuba was 49.13 individuals at the third instar, followed by 35.73 individuals of aphids at the second instar and 16.26 individuals for the first instar of the predator. The highest daily consumption of aphids occurred during the third instar of the predator. A. fabae was heavily parasitized by different aphid parasitoids, Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall, 1896), Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896), and Aphelinus asychis (Walker, 1839) on the broad bean. Parasitization rates of these parasitoids increased during the broad bean plant season. The first recording of A. fabae as a new host for A. psychic. The survey of three parasitoids indicated that L. fabarum had the highest population in December, the parasitoid B. acalephae was the highest in January, and the highest population of A. asychis was recorded in February. It seems that biological control can be used as an alternative to chemical pesticides to control A. fabae.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48722260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8444
K. K. S. Karatt, Ravikumar Veerabadran, B. Kannan, M. Duraisamy, P. S. Ganapati
Drip Design Check (DDC) is a powerful software solution designed to assist irrigation system designers in evaluating the effectiveness of their drip irrigation designs for non-uniform slope conditions. The software makes use of recent developments in drip design methods as well as the advancements in software development methodologies for simulating and optimizing the design of laterals. The software features an easy-to-use interface that allows users to input key design parameters, including slope details, discharge rate of drippers, length of lateral, spacing between drippers and pressure head at the inlet of lateral. The software calculates relative pressure head variation (vh) and pressure head values at each outlet. The software evaluates the goodness of the design based on the allowable relative pressure head variation. Simulation of lateral also considers dripper connection losses. Variations in lateral and dripper configurations are handled by the software in line with the intuition of the user’s perceptions. Hence, data input is simple and easy. The software can be used to analyse numerous design alternatives and to identify the most appropriate design. DDC has undergone several tests using different typical sample data and hence its accuracy and reliability are more. Demonstrations were conducted for designers to assess the user friendliness of the drip simulation software, and we received favourable feedback from them. In summary, Drip Design Check is a useful and reliable tool for the irrigation industry to check the goodness of lateral design.
{"title":"Development of a computer aided decision support system for the design of drip irrigation laterals","authors":"K. K. S. Karatt, Ravikumar Veerabadran, B. Kannan, M. Duraisamy, P. S. Ganapati","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8444","url":null,"abstract":"Drip Design Check (DDC) is a powerful software solution designed to assist irrigation system designers in evaluating the effectiveness of their drip irrigation designs for non-uniform slope conditions. The software makes use of recent developments in drip design methods as well as the advancements in software development methodologies for simulating and optimizing the design of laterals. The software features an easy-to-use interface that allows users to input key design parameters, including slope details, discharge rate of drippers, length of lateral, spacing between drippers and pressure head at the inlet of lateral. The software calculates relative pressure head variation (vh) and pressure head values at each outlet. The software evaluates the goodness of the design based on the allowable relative pressure head variation. Simulation of lateral also considers dripper connection losses. Variations in lateral and dripper configurations are handled by the software in line with the intuition of the user’s perceptions. Hence, data input is simple and easy. The software can be used to analyse numerous design alternatives and to identify the most appropriate design. DDC has undergone several tests using different typical sample data and hence its accuracy and reliability are more. Demonstrations were conducted for designers to assess the user friendliness of the drip simulation software, and we received favourable feedback from them. In summary, Drip Design Check is a useful and reliable tool for the irrigation industry to check the goodness of lateral design.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41570232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-15DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.7676
A. B. Aljuboory
Finding a new source of resistance is important to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides, which can meet the global need of suppressing pollution. In this study, the resistance of eight eggplant cultivars to Aphis gossypii was evaluated. Results of the current study highlighted that the cultivar Long-Green has a very strong resistance after 14 days post infestation whereas Pearl-Round and White-Casper cultivars were susceptible. The rest of the tested cultivars (Green-oblong, Purple-panter, Paris, Ashbilia, and Barcelona) had mild resistance. Also, the study found significant differences between the infested and non-infested plants among the tested cultivars in the plant’s height, fresh-, and dry-weight. The susceptible cultivars lost about 30% of their height, fresh- and dry-weight after the infestation compared with the cultivars that had mild resistance. Pearl-Round and White-Casper showed a very strong susceptibility among the evaluated cultivars which may be used as an element in the pest control program against A. gossypii.
{"title":"Estimating the infection severity and infection percentage by aphids on eggplant varieties","authors":"A. B. Aljuboory","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.7676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.7676","url":null,"abstract":"Finding a new source of resistance is important to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides, which can meet the global need of suppressing pollution. In this study, the resistance of eight eggplant cultivars to Aphis gossypii was evaluated. Results of the current study highlighted that the cultivar Long-Green has a very strong resistance after 14 days post infestation whereas Pearl-Round and White-Casper cultivars were susceptible. The rest of the tested cultivars (Green-oblong, Purple-panter, Paris, Ashbilia, and Barcelona) had mild resistance. Also, the study found significant differences between the infested and non-infested plants among the tested cultivars in the plant’s height, fresh-, and dry-weight. The susceptible cultivars lost about 30% of their height, fresh- and dry-weight after the infestation compared with the cultivars that had mild resistance. Pearl-Round and White-Casper showed a very strong susceptibility among the evaluated cultivars which may be used as an element in the pest control program against A. gossypii.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46363247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.7209
F. Zohora, S. Paul, A. Rahman, N. Paul, M. Rahman, T. Javed, C. Barutçular, F. Çığ, Sipan Soysal, A. El Sabagh
An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to November 2015 to find out the effect of planting and nutrient management on the growth, yield and protein content of aromatic fine rice (cv. Binadhan-13). The experimental treatments comprised six planting arrangement viz. 25 cm × 20 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 10 cm and four nutrient management viz. recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer (RDF) N-P2O5-K2O-S-Zn at the rate of 75-42-75-17-2 kg ha-1 respectively; Cow dung @ 10 t ha-1, 25% less than RDF + Cow dung @ 5 t ha-1, 50% less than RDF + Cow dung @ 5 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Different crop characters, yield contributing characters, yield and grain quality were significantly influenced by planting arrangement and nutrient management. In the crop growth stage, the maximum number of tillers hill-1 (19.03) was recorded from the 25 cm × 15 cm spacing fertilized with 25% less than RDF + cow dung @ 5 t ha-1 and the highest total dry matter production (62.70), crop growth rate (19.37) and chlorophyll content (35.77) of leaf were recorded from the 20 cm × 15 cm spacing fertilized with 25% less than RDF + cow dung @ 5 t ha-1. At harvest, the highest grain yield (3.66 t ha-1) and protein content (9.63%) were recorded from the 20 cm × 15 cm spacing fertilized with 25% less than RDF + cow dung @ 5 t ha-1. So, transplantation at 20 cm × 15 cm spacing and fertilization with 25% less than the recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + cow dung @ 5 t ha-1 was found to be promising practice for the cultivation of aromatic fine rice (cv. Binadhan-13).
2015年7月至11月，在位于迈门辛的孟加拉国农业大学农学田间实验室进行了一项实验，以了解种植和营养管理对芳香优质水稻（cv.Binadhan-13）生长、产量和蛋白质含量的影响。试验处理包括6种种植安排，即25 cm×20 cm、25 cm×15 cm、25厘米×10 cm、20 cm×20厘米、20 cm x 15 cm、20厘米×10厘米和4种营养管理，即无机肥（RDF）N-P2O5-K2O-S-Zn的推荐剂量，分别为75-42-75-17-2 kg ha-1；牛粪@10 t ha-1，比RDF+牛粪@5 t ha-1少25%，比RDF+牛粪@5 t ha-1少50%。实验采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD），共进行三次重复。种植安排和养分管理对不同作物性状、产量贡献性状、产量和籽粒品质有显著影响。在作物生长阶段，在25cm×15cm间距施用比RDF+牛粪少25%的5t ha-1时，记录到最大分蘖数（19.03），在20cm×15cm间距施肥比RDF+牛粪少25%@5t ha-1时记录到最高总干物质产量（62.70）、作物生长速率（19.37）和叶片叶绿素含量（35.77）。收获时，在20厘米×15厘米的间隔内，施用比RDF+牛粪少25%的5t ha-1肥料，可获得最高的粮食产量（3.66 t ha-1）和蛋白质含量（9.63%）。因此，以20cm×15cm的间距进行移植，并以低于推荐剂量25%的无机肥+牛粪@5tha-1的施肥量进行施肥，是培育芳香型优质水稻（cv.Binadhan-13）的有前景的实践。
{"title":"Effect of planting and nutrient management on the growth, yield and protein content of aromatic fine rice","authors":"F. Zohora, S. Paul, A. Rahman, N. Paul, M. Rahman, T. Javed, C. Barutçular, F. Çığ, Sipan Soysal, A. El Sabagh","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.7209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.7209","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to November 2015 to find out the effect of planting and nutrient management on the growth, yield and protein content of aromatic fine rice (cv. Binadhan-13). The experimental treatments comprised six planting arrangement viz. 25 cm × 20 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 10 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 10 cm and four nutrient management viz. recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer (RDF) N-P2O5-K2O-S-Zn at the rate of 75-42-75-17-2 kg ha-1 respectively; Cow dung @ 10 t ha-1, 25% less than RDF + Cow dung @ 5 t ha-1, 50% less than RDF + Cow dung @ 5 t ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Different crop characters, yield contributing characters, yield and grain quality were significantly influenced by planting arrangement and nutrient management. In the crop growth stage, the maximum number of tillers hill-1 (19.03) was recorded from the 25 cm × 15 cm spacing fertilized with 25% less than RDF + cow dung @ 5 t ha-1 and the highest total dry matter production (62.70), crop growth rate (19.37) and chlorophyll content (35.77) of leaf were recorded from the 20 cm × 15 cm spacing fertilized with 25% less than RDF + cow dung @ 5 t ha-1. At harvest, the highest grain yield (3.66 t ha-1) and protein content (9.63%) were recorded from the 20 cm × 15 cm spacing fertilized with 25% less than RDF + cow dung @ 5 t ha-1. So, transplantation at 20 cm × 15 cm spacing and fertilization with 25% less than the recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer + cow dung @ 5 t ha-1 was found to be promising practice for the cultivation of aromatic fine rice (cv. Binadhan-13).","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47053327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-18DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8046
Abdelilah Lemrhamed, Abderrahim Moussahil, Rabab Tabite, M. Farh, A. Iddar, Mohammed El Khasmi
In livestock, pre-slaughter stress begins at the farm or market, continues during transport and upon arrival at the slaughterhouse, ending at slaughter. In this investigation, a survey was conducted in the slaughterhouse of Casablanca in Morocco to record the duration of the preslaughter operations and the frequency of urination in camels. Two groups of camels were constituted, the least stressed animals (Group I, n= 12) and the most stressed animals (Group II, n= 12). Group I animals had a waiting time before loading ≤ 24 h, a loading time ≤ 15 min, an unloading time ≤ 5 min, a water and food deprivation time before slaughter ≤ 24 h, a duration of accompaniment to the slaughter room ≤ 11 min and a frequency of urination during this accompaniment < 3 times. Those in group II had higher duration and frequency values for the same parameters. In addition, serum stress [cortisol (COR)], oxidant stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed in both groups, and correlations between these biomarkers and the durations of various preslaughter operations and the frequency of urination were established. The most stressed camels (G II) showed high serum concentrations of COR and MDA, and low CAT and SOD activities by comparison to the less stressed camels (G I) (P<0.05). Significant correlations were recorded between COR, MDA, CAT and SOD, and the durations of various preslaughter operations, and between COR and the frequency of urination.
{"title":"Correlation between circulating cortisol and indicators of stress and oxidant stress during the preslaughter operations in camels","authors":"Abdelilah Lemrhamed, Abderrahim Moussahil, Rabab Tabite, M. Farh, A. Iddar, Mohammed El Khasmi","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8046","url":null,"abstract":"In livestock, pre-slaughter stress begins at the farm or market, continues during transport and upon arrival at the slaughterhouse, ending at slaughter. In this investigation, a survey was conducted in the slaughterhouse of Casablanca in Morocco to record the duration of the preslaughter operations and the frequency of urination in camels. Two groups of camels were constituted, the least stressed animals (Group I, n= 12) and the most stressed animals (Group II, n= 12). Group I animals had a waiting time before loading ≤ 24 h, a loading time ≤ 15 min, an unloading time ≤ 5 min, a water and food deprivation time before slaughter ≤ 24 h, a duration of accompaniment to the slaughter room ≤ 11 min and a frequency of urination during this accompaniment < 3 times. Those in group II had higher duration and frequency values for the same parameters. In addition, serum stress [cortisol (COR)], oxidant stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed in both groups, and correlations between these biomarkers and the durations of various preslaughter operations and the frequency of urination were established. The most stressed camels (G II) showed high serum concentrations of COR and MDA, and low CAT and SOD activities by comparison to the less stressed camels (G I) (P<0.05). Significant correlations were recorded between COR, MDA, CAT and SOD, and the durations of various preslaughter operations, and between COR and the frequency of urination.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43018853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8191
A. G. Oraibi, A. Rashad, M. Ahmed
The present study aims to synthesis the copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and their effect on the biochemical and physiological characteristics of Solanum lycopersicum. The results exhibited the color change in the Carum carvi aqueous extract from clear deep brown to a greenish color and this observation indicated the green-biosynthesis of CuNPs by reduction of Cu+ to Cu0. Also, the absorbance broadening band for the green-biosynthetic CuNPs appeared at the 340 nm wavelength using UV-Vis but the C. carvi aqueous extract not showed any peaks at this wavelength. SEM analysis exhibited the micrographic surface morphology and the shape of the green-biosynthetic CuNPs with a scan area of 50 μm and showed the spherical shape particles of CuNPs aggregation. The three-dimensional image and the surface morphology of green-biosynthesized CuNPs and C. carvi aqueous extract were examined using AFM analysis that showed the surface of C. carvi aqueous extract was 45.5 nm size with non-homologus and irregular form of distribution, but the green-biosynthesized CuNPs were 12.4 nm size in nanoscale with regular and homogenous distribution form. The results also showed that the effect of bio-synthesized copper nanoparticles was evident on the S. lycopersicum seedlings fresh and dry weight according to the different reading times after treatment with nanoparticles. Also, the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL (CuNPs) showed a significant increase in the chlorophyll content (58.51 μg/cm²) on the 21st day after treatment and a significant increase in the activity of peroxidase enzyme (35.12 U min-1 mg-1 protein) was obtained at the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL (CuNPs) at 21st day after germination.
{"title":"Carum carvi mediated green synthesis of copper nanoparticles and its effect on Solanum lycopersicum seedlings","authors":"A. G. Oraibi, A. Rashad, M. Ahmed","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8191","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to synthesis the copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and their effect on the biochemical and physiological characteristics of Solanum lycopersicum. The results exhibited the color change in the Carum carvi aqueous extract from clear deep brown to a greenish color and this observation indicated the green-biosynthesis of CuNPs by reduction of Cu+ to Cu0. Also, the absorbance broadening band for the green-biosynthetic CuNPs appeared at the 340 nm wavelength using UV-Vis but the C. carvi aqueous extract not showed any peaks at this wavelength. SEM analysis exhibited the micrographic surface morphology and the shape of the green-biosynthetic CuNPs with a scan area of 50 μm and showed the spherical shape particles of CuNPs aggregation. The three-dimensional image and the surface morphology of green-biosynthesized CuNPs and C. carvi aqueous extract were examined using AFM analysis that showed the surface of C. carvi aqueous extract was 45.5 nm size with non-homologus and irregular form of distribution, but the green-biosynthesized CuNPs were 12.4 nm size in nanoscale with regular and homogenous distribution form. The results also showed that the effect of bio-synthesized copper nanoparticles was evident on the S. lycopersicum seedlings fresh and dry weight according to the different reading times after treatment with nanoparticles. Also, the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL (CuNPs) showed a significant increase in the chlorophyll content (58.51 μg/cm²) on the 21st day after treatment and a significant increase in the activity of peroxidase enzyme (35.12 U min-1 mg-1 protein) was obtained at the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL (CuNPs) at 21st day after germination.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43963201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.7464
M. El-Shirbeny, S. Orlandini
This paper aims to approximate and verify crop water use based on satellite results. Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used as the critical parameters derived from NOAA/AVHRR and landsat8 satellite data. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was determined using FAO-Penman-Monteith (FPM) agrometeorological data as a standard process. Based on data from remote sensing, the ETo was calculated based on the Hargreaves (Har) process. ETo-FPM has been used to calibrate ETo-Har under the same conditions for five years (2002-2006). Landsat8 data was obtained on 25 June 2013 and 28 June 2014 and used to estimate the crop coefficient (Kc) based on satellite data (Kc-Sat). The LST was used to predict the maximum, minimum, and mean Tair (oC) levels in June 2013 and 2014. ETo was calculated using the expected maximum, minimum, and mean Tair according to the Har method and was used with Kc-Sat to estimate ETc-Har. ETo-FPM is used to measure ETc-FPM with Kc-Sat. LST and NDVI have been used to measure the Water Deficiency Index (WDI). WDI incorporated ETc to measure the actual evapotranspiration of the crop (ETa). ETa-FPM was used for the evaluation of ETa-Har. The relationship between ETa-FPM and ETa-Har was high, where R2 was 0.99 in 2013 and 2014. ETa determined by Hargreaves based on remotely sensed data was overestimated at about 0.8 (mm/day) compared to the FPM process.
{"title":"Monitoring of crop water consumption changing based on remotely sensed data and techniques in North Sinai, Egypt","authors":"M. El-Shirbeny, S. Orlandini","doi":"10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.7464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.7464","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to approximate and verify crop water use based on satellite results. Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used as the critical parameters derived from NOAA/AVHRR and landsat8 satellite data. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was determined using FAO-Penman-Monteith (FPM) agrometeorological data as a standard process. Based on data from remote sensing, the ETo was calculated based on the Hargreaves (Har) process. ETo-FPM has been used to calibrate ETo-Har under the same conditions for five years (2002-2006). Landsat8 data was obtained on 25 June 2013 and 28 June 2014 and used to estimate the crop coefficient (Kc) based on satellite data (Kc-Sat). The LST was used to predict the maximum, minimum, and mean Tair (oC) levels in June 2013 and 2014. ETo was calculated using the expected maximum, minimum, and mean Tair according to the Har method and was used with Kc-Sat to estimate ETc-Har. ETo-FPM is used to measure ETc-FPM with Kc-Sat. LST and NDVI have been used to measure the Water Deficiency Index (WDI). WDI incorporated ETc to measure the actual evapotranspiration of the crop (ETa). ETa-FPM was used for the evaluation of ETa-Har. The relationship between ETa-FPM and ETa-Har was high, where R2 was 0.99 in 2013 and 2014. ETa determined by Hargreaves based on remotely sensed data was overestimated at about 0.8 (mm/day) compared to the FPM process.","PeriodicalId":36570,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aridland Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41485087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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