Literature explaining the causes of widespread work-related stress often focuses more on the stressors, but give less sufficient attention to the perception of the employees who suffers. Stress is not an absolute state of the affairs, it is rather relative, and often depends on the ‘definition of the situation’ of the person of interest. Hence, measuring stress faces the issues of validity and reliability concerning the socio-economic context. The study adopts Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10), the most popular stress measurement tool to explore the stress levels of the employees working in various industries in Bangladesh. The validity and reliability of the scale are tested with two distinguished yet related sample set; Sample one (n=460) considers the employees of sixteen distinct industries, and sample two (n=413) includes exclusively the employees of banking industry. Gender, Age, Industry, and ‘year of experiences’ are considered as the variables of interest to explore their relationships with perceived stress. The results suggest that the level of stress does not very significantly in accordance with gender; however perceived social stress differs in terms of Age, Experience and Industry that a person belongs.
{"title":"The Effect of Gender, Age, Experience and Industry on Employees’ Perceived stress: The Case of Bangladesh","authors":"Muhammad Rehan Masoom, Md. Kazimul Hoque","doi":"10.24913/RJAP.20.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/RJAP.20.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Literature explaining the causes of widespread work-related stress often focuses more on the stressors, but give less sufficient attention to the perception of the employees who suffers. Stress is not an absolute state of the affairs, it is rather relative, and often depends on the ‘definition of the situation’ of the person of interest. Hence, measuring stress faces the issues of validity and reliability concerning the socio-economic context. The study adopts Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10), the most popular stress measurement tool to explore the stress levels of the employees working in various industries in Bangladesh. The validity and reliability of the scale are tested with two distinguished yet related sample set; Sample one (n=460) considers the employees of sixteen distinct industries, and sample two (n=413) includes exclusively the employees of banking industry. Gender, Age, Industry, and ‘year of experiences’ are considered as the variables of interest to explore their relationships with perceived stress. The results suggest that the level of stress does not very significantly in accordance with gender; however perceived social stress differs in terms of Age, Experience and Industry that a person belongs.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78128204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several studies have examined how our judgment of another’s physical attractiveness is affected when the other person is wearing eyeglasses. The present study identified various factors related to physical attractiveness and examined the eyeglasses effect for each of these factors. In the study, male and female participants viewed two photographs of the same woman’s body profile. In one photograph, the woman wore eyeglasses; in the other, she did not. Participants were asked to select one of the photographs based on various dimensions of physical attractiveness. Results showed that the woman wearing no eyeglasses was judged to be prettier and better-looking, and that her photograph would be preferred by others and be preferable for inclusion in an album. On the other hand, the woman wearing eyeglasses was judged to be more elegant. These findings support the assumption that the eyeglasses effect differs for different dimensions of physical attractiveness.
{"title":"Judgments of women wearing eyeglasses: a focus on specific dimensions of physical attractiveness","authors":"Yasuto Okamura","doi":"10.24913/rjap.20.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.20.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have examined how our judgment of another’s physical attractiveness is affected when the other person is wearing eyeglasses. The present study identified various factors related to physical attractiveness and examined the eyeglasses effect for each of these factors. In the study, male and female participants viewed two photographs of the same woman’s body profile. In one photograph, the woman wore eyeglasses; in the other, she did not. Participants were asked to select one of the photographs based on various dimensions of physical attractiveness. Results showed that the woman wearing no eyeglasses was judged to be prettier and better-looking, and that her photograph would be preferred by others and be preferable for inclusion in an album. On the other hand, the woman wearing eyeglasses was judged to be more elegant. These findings support the assumption that the eyeglasses effect differs for different dimensions of physical attractiveness.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75773009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Specific colors unconsciously influence achievement-related behavior, but colors also affect the expression of specific hormones (like cortisol). As implicit motives are related to both behavior and hormones, the demonstration of implicit motives arousal by colors could build a bridge between these two phenomena. The goal of this study is to test how colors affect the two components of the implicit achievement motive hope of success (HS) and fear of failure (FF). Therefore, 61 healthy participants (44 female, Mage = 22.79, SDage = 3.95) were tested with the TAT/PSE (Heckhausen, 1963) and randomly assigned to three experimental arousal situations (color red, green, blue) and one control group. Contrary to the expectations, there was no influence of green on HS and red on FF, but green and blue could reduce the implicit FF. The results indicate that colors could potentially interact with the implicit achievement motive and therefore should be taken into account for motive testing.
{"title":"Green for hope and red for fear? Testing the color effect on the implicit achievement motive","authors":"Nicole Gruber","doi":"10.24913/RJAP.20.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/RJAP.20.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Specific colors unconsciously influence achievement-related behavior, but colors also affect the expression of specific hormones (like cortisol). As implicit motives are related to both behavior and hormones, the demonstration of implicit motives arousal by colors could build a bridge between these two phenomena. The goal of this study is to test how colors affect the two components of the implicit achievement motive hope of success (HS) and fear of failure (FF). Therefore, 61 healthy participants (44 female, Mage = 22.79, SDage = 3.95) were tested with the TAT/PSE (Heckhausen, 1963) and randomly assigned to three experimental arousal situations (color red, green, blue) and one control group. Contrary to the expectations, there was no influence of green on HS and red on FF, but green and blue could reduce the implicit FF. The results indicate that colors could potentially interact with the implicit achievement motive and therefore should be taken into account for motive testing.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72409602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ang, Chien-Ping Chong, Shuet-Wen Cheong, Chiew-Yen Lee, Zhenhui Tang, Chooi Yen Liew
In this exploratory research, a mixed method research design was used to understand how primary school children perceive bullying behaviour and to uncover the extent of self-esteem on their bullying experiences. Two hundred and eighty participants took part in a survey of their bullying behaviour and self-esteem. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 children. Survey findings indicated that higher self-esteem leads to higher bullying behaviour. Further analyses within sub-samples defined by gender and ethnic subgroups revealed that there are differences in bullying behaviour across subgroups. In addition, qualitative interviews yielded three key themes including (i) physical and verbal bullying, (ii) relational bullying, and (iii) gender-based bullying.
{"title":"Self-Esteem and Tendency of Bullying among Primary School Children","authors":"C. Ang, Chien-Ping Chong, Shuet-Wen Cheong, Chiew-Yen Lee, Zhenhui Tang, Chooi Yen Liew","doi":"10.24913/rjap.20.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.20.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"In this exploratory research, a mixed method research design was used to understand how primary school children perceive bullying behaviour and to uncover the extent of self-esteem on their bullying experiences. Two hundred and eighty participants took part in a survey of their bullying behaviour and self-esteem. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 children. Survey findings indicated that higher self-esteem leads to higher bullying behaviour. Further analyses within sub-samples defined by gender and ethnic subgroups revealed that there are differences in bullying behaviour across subgroups. In addition, qualitative interviews yielded three key themes including (i) physical and verbal bullying, (ii) relational bullying, and (iii) gender-based bullying.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82664940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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