The study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the 100-item HEXACO-PI-R questionnaire. The sample consisted of 1624 adults aged from 16 to 79 years (M=34.5, SD=13.35) who filled the paper-pen self-report form of the HEXACO-PI-R. The average internal consistency of the six factors was α=.78 (from .72 for Openness to .81 for Honesty-Humility) and α=.60 for facets. The Altruism scale in the Slovak translation did not reach a satisfactory internal consistency (α=.29). Mean values in the Slovak-speaking sample were 3.29, and standard deviations .53 for factor level and .74 at the facet level. Sex differences showed the higher Emotionality (d=.99) and Honesty-Humility (d= .38) in women. Age differences in Honesty-Humility showed a medium effect size. Factors did not inter-correlate, or they correlated weakly, except for r=.34 in the relationship between Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility. The factors were well distinguished from one another. The exploratory factor analysis with Promax rotation confirmed the six-factor model, which explained in total 44% of data variance, with an average loading of .60. Individual one-factor models met most of the goodness of fit criteria in confirmatory factor analysis, but the six-factor model did not meet them. The controversy associated with assessing the internal structure of multidimensional personality inventories by confirmatory factor analysis is discussed. According to the currently published research studies, the research findings supported the reliability and internal validity of HEXACO-PI-R in Slovak translation.
{"title":"Psychometric properties of the HEXACO-PI-R self-evaluation form in Slovak translation","authors":"Elena Lisá, Michael Dzúrik","doi":"10.24913/rjap.23.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.23.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the 100-item HEXACO-PI-R questionnaire. The sample consisted of 1624 adults aged from 16 to 79 years (M=34.5, SD=13.35) who filled the paper-pen self-report form of the HEXACO-PI-R. The average internal consistency of the six factors was α=.78 (from .72 for Openness to .81 for Honesty-Humility) and α=.60 for facets. The Altruism scale in the Slovak translation did not reach a satisfactory internal consistency (α=.29). Mean values in the Slovak-speaking sample were 3.29, and standard deviations .53 for factor level and .74 at the facet level. Sex differences showed the higher Emotionality (d=.99) and Honesty-Humility (d= .38) in women. Age differences in Honesty-Humility showed a medium effect size. Factors did not inter-correlate, or they correlated weakly, except for r=.34 in the relationship between Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility. The factors were well distinguished from one another. The exploratory factor analysis with Promax rotation confirmed the six-factor model, which explained in total 44% of data variance, with an average loading of .60. Individual one-factor models met most of the goodness of fit criteria in confirmatory factor analysis, but the six-factor model did not meet them. The controversy associated with assessing the internal structure of multidimensional personality inventories by confirmatory factor analysis is discussed. According to the currently published research studies, the research findings supported the reliability and internal validity of HEXACO-PI-R in Slovak translation.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77228417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa W. Sublett, Dena Rhodes, Lisa M. Penney, Cody Bok, New York U.S.A. JPMorgan Chase Co.
Work-family enrichment (WFE), also known as positive spillover between work and family, often improves employees’ well-being, physical health, and performance. Our study explores a process through which employees experience higher WFE when maintaining congruent values with the organization and supervisor based on segmentation-integration boundary management strategies. Using a sample of 287 employees from diverse industries and employment settings across the U.S., the results indicated that value congruence between subordinates and their organization/supervisor both positively predicted work-to-family enrichment. Family-supportive supervisor behaviors significantly mediated the relationship. Supervisor/subordinate gender matching did not significantly moderate the value congruence-FSSB relationship. In studying these effects with PROCESS mediation analysis, we merge and extend three major bodies of literature on spillover theory, person-environment fit theory, and boundary theory to explicate the process through which WFE develops when having congruent segmentation styles at work.
{"title":"Just like me: Effects of value congruence on work-family enrichment","authors":"Lisa W. Sublett, Dena Rhodes, Lisa M. Penney, Cody Bok, New York U.S.A. JPMorgan Chase Co.","doi":"10.24913/rjap.23.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.23.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Work-family enrichment (WFE), also known as positive spillover between work and family, often improves employees’ well-being, physical health, and performance. Our study explores a process through which employees experience higher WFE when maintaining congruent values with the organization and supervisor based on segmentation-integration boundary management strategies. Using a sample of 287 employees from diverse industries and employment settings across the U.S., the results indicated that value congruence between subordinates and their organization/supervisor both positively predicted work-to-family enrichment. Family-supportive supervisor behaviors significantly mediated the relationship. Supervisor/subordinate gender matching did not significantly moderate the value congruence-FSSB relationship. In studying these effects with PROCESS mediation analysis, we merge and extend three major bodies of literature on spillover theory, person-environment fit theory, and boundary theory to explicate the process through which WFE develops when having congruent segmentation styles at work.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85297638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies have shown that corruption may adversely affect the functionality of the law and institutions; and may frustrate socio-economic development. Most developing countries focus the fight against corruption on the deterrence perspective, which emphasizes the promptness and severity of punishment as a way of preventing and discouraging corrupt behaviors. Punishment may not adequately deter corruption, especially when employees are less satisfied with life or feel unjustly treated and may, therefore, engage in corruption as a justice-restoring act. This study, therefore, adopted a justice-focused approach to investigate the extent to which perception of organizational injustice and life satisfaction correlated with corrupt tendencies in public sector employees. The participants were 285 public sector employees (188 males; 97 females), whose ages averaged 39.09 years (SD = 8.40) with a range of 20 to 58 years. They were selected across large sections of two public sector organizations in Nigeria. Results of the 3-step hierarchical regression showed that perception of organizational injustice was significantly related with increased level of corrupt tendencies. As the participants’ level of life satisfaction increased, their tendencies of engaging in corruption reduced. Results of the mediation tests showed that, despite an increased perception of organizational injustice, life satisfaction was significantly related with low tendencies of engaging in corruption among employees. In order to reduce corrupt tendencies, organizations should efficiently handle perceived wrongdoing among employees and institute programmes that promote employees’ happiness and well-being.
{"title":"Perceived Organizational Injustice and Corrupt Tendencies in Public Sector Employees: Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction","authors":"","doi":"10.24913/rjap.22.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.22.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have shown that corruption may adversely affect the functionality of the law and institutions; and may frustrate socio-economic development. Most developing countries focus the fight against corruption on the deterrence perspective, which emphasizes the promptness and severity of punishment as a way of preventing and discouraging corrupt behaviors. Punishment may not adequately deter corruption, especially when employees are less satisfied with life or feel unjustly treated and may, therefore, engage in corruption as a justice-restoring act. This study, therefore, adopted a justice-focused approach to investigate the extent to which perception of organizational injustice and life satisfaction correlated with corrupt tendencies in public sector employees. The participants were 285 public sector employees (188 males; 97 females), whose ages averaged 39.09 years (SD = 8.40) with a range of 20 to 58 years. They were selected across large sections of two public sector organizations in Nigeria. Results of the 3-step hierarchical regression showed that perception of organizational injustice was significantly related with increased level of corrupt tendencies. As the participants’ level of life satisfaction increased, their tendencies of engaging in corruption reduced. Results of the mediation tests showed that, despite an increased perception of organizational injustice, life satisfaction was significantly related with low tendencies of engaging in corruption among employees. In order to reduce corrupt tendencies, organizations should efficiently handle perceived wrongdoing among employees and institute programmes that promote employees’ happiness and well-being.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83427800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of adult labor migration in Europe, Romania is one of the leading work force sending countries, with 93 648 left behind children according to the ANPDCA (2017). The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate the perceived difficulties and outcomes of young adults with a left behind background. The sample size was 193 adults (83% F, mean age 24.93 years). The subjects were tested online with psychological measures assessing anxiety, depression, clarity of Self-Concept, generalized self-efficacy and school difficulties. The study found that contextual factors such as one or both parents left to work abroad, the duration of the separation, the age of separation may partly explain the inter-individual variations in the perceived psychological consequences related to labor migrant parents. The practical importance for educational actors of the results of this study resides in offering information on how to approach students whose parents left the country. Also the findings can inspire the optimization of the support policies for these children.
{"title":"Adult psychological outcomes of former left behind children in Romania","authors":"","doi":"10.24913/rjap.22.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.22.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of adult labor migration in Europe, Romania is one of the leading work force sending countries, with 93 648 left behind children according to the ANPDCA (2017). The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate the perceived difficulties and outcomes of young adults with a left behind background. The sample size was 193 adults (83% F, mean age 24.93 years). The subjects were tested online with psychological measures assessing anxiety, depression, clarity of Self-Concept, generalized self-efficacy and school difficulties. The study found that contextual factors such as one or both parents left to work abroad, the duration of the separation, the age of separation may partly explain the inter-individual variations in the perceived psychological consequences related to labor migrant parents. The practical importance for educational actors of the results of this study resides in offering information on how to approach students whose parents left the country. Also the findings can inspire the optimization of the support policies for these children.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86658902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies showed that people are more willing to express prejudiced attitudes towards others when their past behavior has established their credentials as non-prejudiced persons. We examined this moral licensing effect in organizational contexts on a sample of 318 elementary school teachers. First, participants were given the opportunity to disagree with a set of discriminatory sentences. Next, all participants were required to express their attitudes towards hiring a disabled person for a specific job within the educational working environment in a hypothetical scenario. We also investigated the associations of participants' decisions with other personal characteristics such as gender, age, and previous contact with persons with disabilities. We found that participants in the moral licensing condition expressed a stronger endorsement of the discriminatory decisional alternative. Results are discussed concerning the educational context regarding the inclusion of people with physical or mental disabilities within the academic working environment.
{"title":"Is Discrimination against disabled job candidates increased by previously acquired non-discriminatory moral credentials?","authors":"","doi":"10.24913/rjap.22.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.22.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies showed that people are more willing to express prejudiced attitudes towards others when their past behavior has established their credentials as non-prejudiced persons. We examined this moral licensing effect in organizational contexts on a sample of 318 elementary school teachers. First, participants were given the opportunity to disagree with a set of discriminatory sentences. Next, all participants were required to express their attitudes towards hiring a disabled person for a specific job within the educational working environment in a hypothetical scenario. We also investigated the associations of participants' decisions with other personal characteristics such as gender, age, and previous contact with persons with disabilities. We found that participants in the moral licensing condition expressed a stronger endorsement of the discriminatory decisional alternative. Results are discussed concerning the educational context regarding the inclusion of people with physical or mental disabilities within the academic working environment.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82941629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis (ROC Analysis) was conducted to assess the efficiency of six validity scales included in the Personality Clinical Form (PCF) to detect responses distortion. Undergraduate students were randomly assigned to simulate malingering, simulate defensiveness or complete PCF under standard instructions (no faking). Fake-good participants scored significantly higher than standard participants on all underreporting scales. The difference observed was even higher when the comparison was made between the fake-good and the fake-bad participants. Likewise, a reverse trend was observed for the overreporting scales. Participants in the fake-bad condition scored the highest, and the participants in the fake-good condition scored the lowest on all overreporting scales. Large effect sizes were found in most cases. The responses resulted from the malingering condition were also compared with those obtained from psychiatric inpatients. The responses resulted from the defensiveness group were also compared with responses obtained from employees in a high-stake assessment condition. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) provided an index of discriminative power. The validity scales discriminate better between the normal and the fake conditions than between malingerers and psychiatric inpatients, but most AUC values were within good or excellent range. Cut-off scores and their corresponding sensitivity and specificity were presented for each validity scale based on this explorative endeavour
{"title":"The utility of the Personality Clinical Form Indicators of Response Distortion:\u0000Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.24913/rjap.22.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.22.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"A Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis (ROC Analysis) was conducted to assess the\u0000efficiency of six validity scales included in the Personality Clinical Form (PCF) to detect responses\u0000distortion. Undergraduate students were randomly assigned to simulate malingering, simulate\u0000defensiveness or complete PCF under standard instructions (no faking). Fake-good participants\u0000scored significantly higher than standard participants on all underreporting scales. The difference\u0000observed was even higher when the comparison was made between the fake-good and the fake-bad\u0000participants. Likewise, a reverse trend was observed for the overreporting scales. Participants in the\u0000fake-bad condition scored the highest, and the participants in the fake-good condition scored the\u0000lowest on all overreporting scales. Large effect sizes were found in most cases. The responses\u0000resulted from the malingering condition were also compared with those obtained from psychiatric\u0000inpatients. The responses resulted from the defensiveness group were also compared with\u0000responses obtained from employees in a high-stake assessment condition. The area under the ROC\u0000curve (AUC) provided an index of discriminative power. The validity scales discriminate better\u0000between the normal and the fake conditions than between malingerers and psychiatric inpatients,\u0000but most AUC values were within good or excellent range. Cut-off scores and their corresponding\u0000sensitivity and specificity were presented for each validity scale based on this explorative\u0000endeavour","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89604543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated the predictive roles of career self-efficacy, work-life balance and selected demographic factors on the quality of sex life and marital satisfaction among dual-career couples in Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, and assessed if there are significant differences between men and women. The study used a cross-sectional research design and 1056 dual-career men and women ( age = 43.98, σ = 9.48, ♀ = 37.0%) participated in the study. A self-administered paper and pencil questionnaire was used to collect data from samples that were conveniently drawn from the study area. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Results showed significant differences in structural weights, structural covariances, and structural residuals in the model outputs for both men and women careerists. The study concluded that career self-efficacy and work-life balance differentially predict the quality of sex life and marital satisfaction for both men and women in a dual-career family, and that age and job tenure are not significant predictors of quality of sex life and marital satisfaction among dual-career couples.
{"title":"Roles of Selected Psycho-Demographic Factors on Quality of Sex Life and\u0000Marital Satisfaction among Dual-career Couples","authors":"","doi":"10.24913/rjap.22.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.22.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the predictive roles of career self-efficacy, work-life balance and selected\u0000demographic factors on the quality of sex life and marital satisfaction among dual-career couples in\u0000Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, and assessed if there are significant differences between men\u0000and women. The study used a cross-sectional research design and 1056 dual-career men and\u0000women ( age = 43.98, σ = 9.48, ♀ = 37.0%) participated in the study. A self-administered paper\u0000and pencil questionnaire was used to collect data from samples that were conveniently drawn from\u0000the study area. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Results showed\u0000significant differences in structural weights, structural covariances, and structural residuals in the\u0000model outputs for both men and women careerists. The study concluded that career self-efficacy\u0000and work-life balance differentially predict the quality of sex life and marital satisfaction for both\u0000men and women in a dual-career family, and that age and job tenure are not significant predictors\u0000of quality of sex life and marital satisfaction among dual-career couples.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84427826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Smoking during pregnancy is a well-known risk factor for both the mother and the baby. mHealth offers novel ways to implement smoking-cessation interventions with broader reach and the potential to be more successful. Methods: We conducted twelve semi-structured interviews in November-December 2017 with women who just gave birth and quit smoking before or during pregnancy. A thematic analysis was conducted to explore women’s views on the two components. Results: Most women found the text messages easy to understand and virtually all women rated their content as relevant for preventing smoking relapse. Also, they expressed interest in using the proposed relapse prevention app and, in general, appreciated the app positively. Some women, however, felt that the smoking relapse decision is highly personal and cannot be influenced by text messages or other types of assistance programs. Conclusions: Stay Quit Together is, to our knowledge, the first postpartum tobacco smoking relapse prevention program combining an app and text messages. This study suggests that Stay Quit Together would be accepted and used postpartum by women who spontaneously quit smoking during or before pregnancy.
{"title":"Co-designing a mHealth intervention to prevent smoking relapse after birth","authors":"","doi":"10.24913/rjap.22.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.22.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Smoking during pregnancy is a well-known risk factor for both the mother and the\u0000baby. mHealth offers novel ways to implement smoking-cessation interventions with broader reach\u0000and the potential to be more successful.\u0000Methods: We conducted twelve semi-structured interviews in November-December 2017 with\u0000women who just gave birth and quit smoking before or during pregnancy. A thematic analysis was\u0000conducted to explore women’s views on the two components.\u0000Results: Most women found the text messages easy to understand and virtually all women rated\u0000their content as relevant for preventing smoking relapse. Also, they expressed interest in using the\u0000proposed relapse prevention app and, in general, appreciated the app positively. Some women,\u0000however, felt that the smoking relapse decision is highly personal and cannot be influenced by text\u0000messages or other types of assistance programs.\u0000Conclusions: Stay Quit Together is, to our knowledge, the first postpartum tobacco smoking\u0000relapse prevention program combining an app and text messages. This study suggests that Stay\u0000Quit Together would be accepted and used postpartum by women who spontaneously quit smoking\u0000during or before pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77997753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined whether using different imagery perspectives and modalities plays a role in the link between vividness of imagining positive events and positive cognition such as optimism, self-efficacy and memory for positive mood. We asked participants to complete self-rating scales of positive cognition and to imagine doing various actions in positive situations from the external and internal perspectives of visual modality and when using kinesthetic modality. We found that vividness of imagining actions in positive situations from an external perspective predicts all positive cognitions: optimism and self-efficacy and memory of positive mood. The vividness of imagining actions in positive situations from the internal perspective of visual modality and kinesthetic imagery predicted only self-efficacy and memory of positive mood but not optimism. We discuss the findings in light of existing theories regarding imagery and positive cognition and suggest several possibilities of using imagery perspective for imagery interventions.
{"title":"Mental Imagery, Optimism, and Self-efficacy: The Role of Imagery Perspective\u0000and Imagery Modality in Positive Cognition","authors":"Claudia A. Pop, Alexandru Tiba","doi":"10.24913/rjap.21.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.21.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether using different imagery perspectives and modalities plays a role in the link between vividness of imagining positive events and positive cognition such as optimism, self-efficacy and memory for positive mood. We asked participants to complete self-rating scales of positive cognition and to imagine doing various actions in positive situations from the external and internal perspectives of visual modality and when using kinesthetic modality. We found that vividness of imagining actions in positive situations from an external perspective predicts all positive cognitions: optimism and self-efficacy and memory of positive mood. The vividness of imagining actions in positive situations from the internal perspective of visual modality and kinesthetic imagery predicted only self-efficacy and memory of positive mood but not optimism. We discuss the findings in light of existing theories regarding imagery and positive cognition and suggest several possibilities of using imagery perspective for imagery interventions.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81182703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Car transportation has many benefits, yet it also generates problems such as noise and air pollution, loss of urban space, traffic jams and contributes significantly to global warming. Three approaches for explaining car use behavior and intentions to reduce it are often used in the transportation literature, namely a rational choice (e.g. theory of planned behavior), a morality-based (e.g. norm activation model) and a habit-based approach. While there were studies that investigated their comparative power, there were relatively few attempts to integrate these different perspectives in a single theoretical model. The present study proposes an integrated model of the theory of planned behavior, the norm activation model and the concept of habits to predict drivers’ intentions to reduce their car use, and tests this model on a sample of Romanian drivers (N = 140). Results show that the model performed better than the theory of planned behavior, the norm activation model or a combination of the two and that all variables in the model predicted (directly or indirectly) behavioral intentions to reduce car transportation. The strongest predictors were perceived behavioral control, personal norms and car use related habits. The results contribute to theory development and provide a conceptual framework, which can inform the development of future travel demand management solutions.
{"title":"Car use reduction: a matter of reasoned calculus, morality or habit? An integrative perspective","authors":"Alin Semenescu, A. Gavreliuc","doi":"10.24913/rjap.21.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24913/rjap.21.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Car transportation has many benefits, yet it also generates problems such as noise and air pollution, loss of urban space, traffic jams and contributes significantly to global warming. Three approaches for explaining car use behavior and intentions to reduce it are often used in the transportation literature, namely a rational choice (e.g. theory of planned behavior), a morality-based (e.g. norm activation model) and a habit-based approach. While there were studies that investigated their comparative power, there were relatively few attempts to integrate these different perspectives in a single theoretical model. The present study proposes an integrated model of the theory of planned behavior, the norm activation model and the concept of habits to predict drivers’ intentions to reduce their car use, and tests this model on a sample of Romanian drivers (N = 140). Results show that the model performed better than the theory of planned behavior, the norm activation model or a combination of the two and that all variables in the model predicted (directly or indirectly) behavioral intentions to reduce car transportation. The strongest predictors were perceived behavioral control, personal norms and car use related habits. The results contribute to theory development and provide a conceptual framework, which can inform the development of future travel demand management solutions.","PeriodicalId":36595,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77812719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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