Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211684
Chayan Nadjahi, H. Louahlia, A. Conte, S. Le Masson
This article introduces the first experimental and analytical results of a two-phase thermosyphon loop, designed to cool a data center. This loop, composed by a mini-channels evaporator and an air condenser, is a passive system capable of decreasing electricity consumption in a data center. An analytical model has been developed to predict mass flow rate and pressure drops.
{"title":"Passive cooling and thermal management in data centers","authors":"Chayan Nadjahi, H. Louahlia, A. Conte, S. Le Masson","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211684","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the first experimental and analytical results of a two-phase thermosyphon loop, designed to cool a data center. This loop, composed by a mini-channels evaporator and an air condenser, is a passive system capable of decreasing electricity consumption in a data center. An analytical model has been developed to predict mass flow rate and pressure drops.","PeriodicalId":366207,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130729859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211674
Yingjie Yang, Da-Chun Teng, Chang Cheng
This essay analyses the main construction requirements and technical key points of the 110kV substations' construction basing on the local power system planning and the actual requirements of data centers. Firstly, it provides solutions on the substations' overall power supply planning and layout requirements. Next the viewpoints on choosing reasonable electrical connection methods and main electrical power devices are discussed, including main the transformers, breakers and main buses. Meanwhile, since that the substations and data centers locate on the same site and they share a common earthling, the earthling requirements of power devices and cables are mentioned.
{"title":"Customer's 110kV power substations in the large data centers","authors":"Yingjie Yang, Da-Chun Teng, Chang Cheng","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211674","url":null,"abstract":"This essay analyses the main construction requirements and technical key points of the 110kV substations' construction basing on the local power system planning and the actual requirements of data centers. Firstly, it provides solutions on the substations' overall power supply planning and layout requirements. Next the viewpoints on choosing reasonable electrical connection methods and main electrical power devices are discussed, including main the transformers, breakers and main buses. Meanwhile, since that the substations and data centers locate on the same site and they share a common earthling, the earthling requirements of power devices and cables are mentioned.","PeriodicalId":366207,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130878164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214157
Julian Kaiser, Kilian Gosses, L. Ott, Yunchao Han, Bernd Wunder, M. März, F. Schork, K. Bühler, T. Böhm
DC microgrids can offer many advantages for an installation in commercial applications like data centers or in private homes. In this paper, future expansion of such grids towards a bipolar architecture (e.g. ±380 VDC) is evaluated. The focus lies on various fault situations, their effects on the grid and possible solutions to maintain grid safety. For this purpose, a laboratory scale bipolar test grid is set up and subjected to ground faults, loss of neutral and load shedding.
{"title":"Safety considerations for the operation of bipolar DC-grids","authors":"Julian Kaiser, Kilian Gosses, L. Ott, Yunchao Han, Bernd Wunder, M. März, F. Schork, K. Bühler, T. Böhm","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214157","url":null,"abstract":"DC microgrids can offer many advantages for an installation in commercial applications like data centers or in private homes. In this paper, future expansion of such grids towards a bipolar architecture (e.g. ±380 VDC) is evaluated. The focus lies on various fault situations, their effects on the grid and possible solutions to maintain grid safety. For this purpose, a laboratory scale bipolar test grid is set up and subjected to ground faults, loss of neutral and load shedding.","PeriodicalId":366207,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116952171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214152
Mike Giulianini, M. Dart
In this paper, it is shown how different applications can benefit from the intrinsic nature of flow batteries and their particular features. There is also a focus on ways to program the battery management system to extend the operating scenarios of the battery reducing extra costs and energy losses.
{"title":"Flow battery versatility: Adapting the battery to the specific application","authors":"Mike Giulianini, M. Dart","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214152","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, it is shown how different applications can benefit from the intrinsic nature of flow batteries and their particular features. There is also a focus on ways to program the battery management system to extend the operating scenarios of the battery reducing extra costs and energy losses.","PeriodicalId":366207,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134315336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211681
Mingming Liu, Xianhong Hu
In this paper, we regard that reducing the total cost of ownership (TCO) is the most direct driver to the development of ICT (Information Communications Technology) power system. High efficiency, energy saving, green, sharing, intelligence and interconnection are the trends and characteristics of the future ICT power systems. Energy internet can realize the interconnection of energy, reduce redundant waste, and increase power reliability. It is the future development direction of various energy systems. ICT power system is the most intelligent energy equipment, and it may become the first terminal equipment of energy internet.
{"title":"The development trend of power system for ICT equipment","authors":"Mingming Liu, Xianhong Hu","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211681","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we regard that reducing the total cost of ownership (TCO) is the most direct driver to the development of ICT (Information Communications Technology) power system. High efficiency, energy saving, green, sharing, intelligence and interconnection are the trends and characteristics of the future ICT power systems. Energy internet can realize the interconnection of energy, reduce redundant waste, and increase power reliability. It is the future development direction of various energy systems. ICT power system is the most intelligent energy equipment, and it may become the first terminal equipment of energy internet.","PeriodicalId":366207,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134326475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211669
David Wilson
Multiple functions — Increasing Utility-Electrical Rates with lowering Energy (Solar) Costs — are influencing the decision of whether we should deploy solar for On-Grid Solutions. In this study, with a set of simulations, we look at what at the current considerations that can justify deploying Solar for On-Grid sites.
{"title":"When can we afford to deploy solar for on-grid solutions in telecom?","authors":"David Wilson","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211669","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple functions — Increasing Utility-Electrical Rates with lowering Energy (Solar) Costs — are influencing the decision of whether we should deploy solar for On-Grid Solutions. In this study, with a set of simulations, we look at what at the current considerations that can justify deploying Solar for On-Grid sites.","PeriodicalId":366207,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":"os-11 XIV 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133448027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211687
M. Nakamura, K. Kimura, K. Takeno
To secure wireless communication services, we are researching and developing disaster-resistant and environmentally friendly green base stations. One effective disaster countermeasure in carriers is to make backup time long for base stations during a power outage. Therefore, we have developed a photovoltaics (PV) system for green base stations to prolong the backup. In this paper, we propose a power control method that realizes long-term autonomous operation by PV and lithium-ion batteries (LiB) and regeneration operation by only PV for when commercial power is lost during a power outage and describe the results obtained at field test station.
{"title":"Robust PV system against disasters for green base station","authors":"M. Nakamura, K. Kimura, K. Takeno","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8211687","url":null,"abstract":"To secure wireless communication services, we are researching and developing disaster-resistant and environmentally friendly green base stations. One effective disaster countermeasure in carriers is to make backup time long for base stations during a power outage. Therefore, we have developed a photovoltaics (PV) system for green base stations to prolong the backup. In this paper, we propose a power control method that realizes long-term autonomous operation by PV and lithium-ion batteries (LiB) and regeneration operation by only PV for when commercial power is lost during a power outage and describe the results obtained at field test station.","PeriodicalId":366207,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124902695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214143
G. Mutani, F. Giaccardi, M. Martino, M. Pastorelli
The evaluation of energy consumption for space heating in urban environment is an interesting topic for the issues related to energy and pollution management. In the paper is presented the analysis of measured energy consumption for residential buildings located in the cities of Torino and Reggio Emilia (Italy). In the first analysis, space heating consumptions were correlated with climatic data. In the second analysis, the buildings have been grouped according to their energy signatures considering the observable characteristics (using a Geographical Information System, GIS) and the measured peak of energy request during the day. A correlation is shown between the hourly percentage peak of heat and the daily energy consumption for different outdoor temperatures; specifically, at the same temperature conditions, buildings with high peak of percentage hourly consumptions, show lower values of daily energy consumptions. This may be important to manage the district heating network for an optimization of the extension of the network, the heat storage stations localization or the gradual retrofit policy of buildings in the city.
{"title":"Modeling hourly profile of space heating energy consumption for residential buildings","authors":"G. Mutani, F. Giaccardi, M. Martino, M. Pastorelli","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214143","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of energy consumption for space heating in urban environment is an interesting topic for the issues related to energy and pollution management. In the paper is presented the analysis of measured energy consumption for residential buildings located in the cities of Torino and Reggio Emilia (Italy). In the first analysis, space heating consumptions were correlated with climatic data. In the second analysis, the buildings have been grouped according to their energy signatures considering the observable characteristics (using a Geographical Information System, GIS) and the measured peak of energy request during the day. A correlation is shown between the hourly percentage peak of heat and the daily energy consumption for different outdoor temperatures; specifically, at the same temperature conditions, buildings with high peak of percentage hourly consumptions, show lower values of daily energy consumptions. This may be important to manage the district heating network for an optimization of the extension of the network, the heat storage stations localization or the gradual retrofit policy of buildings in the city.","PeriodicalId":366207,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122470084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214168
F. Mahmood, Ken Okamoto, Y. Okugawa, Y. Akiyama
Power conversion equipment, such as a rectifier, uses pulse width modulation (PWM), and/or pulse frequency modulation (PFM). The International Electric Commission (IEC) published an international standard for conducted immunity tests below 150 kHz that uses a continuous wave (CW) or a CW with pulse modulation as test waves, but does not specify that the test waves should simulate features of conducted disturbances from rectifiers with PWM/PFM control, so as to evaluate the immunity characteristics of ICT equipment in an actual use environment. For creating new test waves that can more precisely evaluate the immunity characteristics of ICT equipment against conducted disturbances below 150 kHz from rectifier, this paper presents a features extraction method that uses short-time Fourier analysis (STFT). For feature extraction by circuit simulation, the features of the disturbances from rectifiers with PWM/PFM control have been determined as time fluctuations in the peak voltage and its frequency. When this feature extraction method was used to measure conducted disturbances from these two types of rectifiers, features originating in the PWM and PFM controls were found.
{"title":"Features extraction of conducted disturbance below 150 kHz from rectifier for ICT equipment","authors":"F. Mahmood, Ken Okamoto, Y. Okugawa, Y. Akiyama","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214168","url":null,"abstract":"Power conversion equipment, such as a rectifier, uses pulse width modulation (PWM), and/or pulse frequency modulation (PFM). The International Electric Commission (IEC) published an international standard for conducted immunity tests below 150 kHz that uses a continuous wave (CW) or a CW with pulse modulation as test waves, but does not specify that the test waves should simulate features of conducted disturbances from rectifiers with PWM/PFM control, so as to evaluate the immunity characteristics of ICT equipment in an actual use environment. For creating new test waves that can more precisely evaluate the immunity characteristics of ICT equipment against conducted disturbances below 150 kHz from rectifier, this paper presents a features extraction method that uses short-time Fourier analysis (STFT). For feature extraction by circuit simulation, the features of the disturbances from rectifiers with PWM/PFM control have been determined as time fluctuations in the peak voltage and its frequency. When this feature extraction method was used to measure conducted disturbances from these two types of rectifiers, features originating in the PWM and PFM controls were found.","PeriodicalId":366207,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121951881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214142
Masayoshi Hamanaka, S. Horie, Daiki Owaki, K. Nimi, K. Yukita, T. Matsumura, Y. Goto, K. Hirose
In this study, we examined demand response using air conditioners, determined the number of people by measuring CO2, and examined an application method to demand response. Most of the power in buildings is consumed by air conditioners, and their impact on the overall power consumption is high. Therefore, controlling the power consumption of air conditioners is an important factor in conducting demand response. In this study, we conducted an experiment on demand response using the air conditioner in the lecture laboratory of the university. We found that the demand response by the air conditioner was effective. We also examined the utility value of the knowledge of the number of people for demand response.
{"title":"Demand response using air conditioner","authors":"Masayoshi Hamanaka, S. Horie, Daiki Owaki, K. Nimi, K. Yukita, T. Matsumura, Y. Goto, K. Hirose","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2017.8214142","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examined demand response using air conditioners, determined the number of people by measuring CO2, and examined an application method to demand response. Most of the power in buildings is consumed by air conditioners, and their impact on the overall power consumption is high. Therefore, controlling the power consumption of air conditioners is an important factor in conducting demand response. In this study, we conducted an experiment on demand response using the air conditioner in the lecture laboratory of the university. We found that the demand response by the air conditioner was effective. We also examined the utility value of the knowledge of the number of people for demand response.","PeriodicalId":366207,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)","volume":"149 3‐5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113956374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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