Pub Date : 2019-03-14DOI: 10.1039/9781788016124-00181
A. Hameed, K. Kubota, S. Komaba
Lithium-ion batteries have the highest volumetric and gravimetric energy densities among the available rechargeable batteries, hence they are the prime choice of power source in numerous portable devices. It is expected that there will be tremendous growth in electric vehicles and electrical energy storage in the future. Employing Li-ion batteries on a large scale may strain the lithium supply due to geopolitical constraints and the lower abundance of lithium resources in the Earth's crust. Therefore, sustainable and low-cost alternate energy storage systems are necessary. In this chapter, the prospects for alternate energy storage systems are reviewed for sustainable/green energy in the future along with research progress in the field of sodium- and potassium-ion batteries.
{"title":"CHAPTER 8. From Lithium to Sodium and Potassium Batteries","authors":"A. Hameed, K. Kubota, S. Komaba","doi":"10.1039/9781788016124-00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016124-00181","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries have the highest volumetric and gravimetric energy densities among the available rechargeable batteries, hence they are the prime choice of power source in numerous portable devices. It is expected that there will be tremendous growth in electric vehicles and electrical energy storage in the future. Employing Li-ion batteries on a large scale may strain the lithium supply due to geopolitical constraints and the lower abundance of lithium resources in the Earth's crust. Therefore, sustainable and low-cost alternate energy storage systems are necessary. In this chapter, the prospects for alternate energy storage systems are reviewed for sustainable/green energy in the future along with research progress in the field of sodium- and potassium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":366270,"journal":{"name":"Future Lithium-ion Batteries","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116845892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-14DOI: 10.1039/9781788016124-00316
Wolfgang Bernhart
The demand for batteries from the automotive industry sector is the main driver for the future lithium-ion battery market. The cell manufacturing market is dominated by a few large players from Asia, with China getting more important. Cell costs will level out around €75 kWh−1 in the second half of the next decade. Increased volumetric energy density is the main cost reduction lever, but manufacturing processes will also provide further cost reduction opportunities. In that context, for solid state technology to be successful in automotive application, it must fulfil all important performance requirements such as fast charging capabilities, long cycle life and safety, while being significantly cheaper. Process technology development will scale volume of cathode active material processing units, causing a severe cost disadvantage risk to small sized players. Overall, demand for (battery-grade) nickel, cobalt and lithium will increase significantly. Therefore price risks due to high concentration levels for raw and refined materials and political country risks need to be mitigated, but supply shortages are unlikely. As a consequence recycling is getting increasingly important—from a cost perspective, as well as from the perspective of securing raw material supply.
{"title":"CHAPTER 13. Challenges and Opportunities in Lithium-ion Battery Supply","authors":"Wolfgang Bernhart","doi":"10.1039/9781788016124-00316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016124-00316","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for batteries from the automotive industry sector is the main driver for the future lithium-ion battery market. The cell manufacturing market is dominated by a few large players from Asia, with China getting more important. Cell costs will level out around €75 kWh−1 in the second half of the next decade. Increased volumetric energy density is the main cost reduction lever, but manufacturing processes will also provide further cost reduction opportunities. In that context, for solid state technology to be successful in automotive application, it must fulfil all important performance requirements such as fast charging capabilities, long cycle life and safety, while being significantly cheaper. Process technology development will scale volume of cathode active material processing units, causing a severe cost disadvantage risk to small sized players. Overall, demand for (battery-grade) nickel, cobalt and lithium will increase significantly. Therefore price risks due to high concentration levels for raw and refined materials and political country risks need to be mitigated, but supply shortages are unlikely. As a consequence recycling is getting increasingly important—from a cost perspective, as well as from the perspective of securing raw material supply.","PeriodicalId":366270,"journal":{"name":"Future Lithium-ion Batteries","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125508501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-14DOI: 10.1039/9781788016124-00130
L. Xing, Weishan Li
The instability of the electrode/electrolyte interphase in lithium-ion batteries mainly causes gas generation, increase of cell resistance and capacity fading, especially at high operating voltage. Searching for novel electrolytes that match the developed high specific capacity and high voltage cathode materials is critical for the practical application of next generation lithium-ion batteries. We describe in this chapter the major research on understanding the specific electrolyte component of the high voltage electrode/electrolyte interphase, the influence of the lithium salt anion on the oxidation stability and the decomposition mechanism of the interphasal electrolyte and developing novel electrolytes for next generation lithium-ion batteries.
{"title":"CHAPTER 6. Liquid Non-aqueous Electrolytes for High Voltage Lithium Ion Batteries","authors":"L. Xing, Weishan Li","doi":"10.1039/9781788016124-00130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016124-00130","url":null,"abstract":"The instability of the electrode/electrolyte interphase in lithium-ion batteries mainly causes gas generation, increase of cell resistance and capacity fading, especially at high operating voltage. Searching for novel electrolytes that match the developed high specific capacity and high voltage cathode materials is critical for the practical application of next generation lithium-ion batteries. We describe in this chapter the major research on understanding the specific electrolyte component of the high voltage electrode/electrolyte interphase, the influence of the lithium salt anion on the oxidation stability and the decomposition mechanism of the interphasal electrolyte and developing novel electrolytes for next generation lithium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":366270,"journal":{"name":"Future Lithium-ion Batteries","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131997186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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