Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7896
O. Adeniyi, S. Adejumo, M. Fofana, F. Adegbehingbe
A combination of stresses as it occurs on the field poses more challenges to crop production than individual stress. Crops’ response to single stress also differs from that of combined stresses. The morpho-physiological responses of two cowpea varieties (IT89KD-288 and IT99K573-1-1) to a combination of stresses (water deficit stress and high light intensity) were investigated at different growth stages. Three levels of light intensities (L3: 259 Lux- 36%, L2: 394 Lux-55% and L1: 710.2 Lux-100%) were imposed using one, two and zero layer(s) of the net, respectively, while, water deficit stress at four levels (W1: no water stress; 0-5 bars, W2: moderate water stress; 5-15 bars, W3: moderately-severe; 15-40 bars and W4: severe water stress; 40 -70 bars) was imposed differently at vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Data were collected on the cowpea yield, Leaf Temperature (LT), Chlorophyll (C), Photosynthesis (P), Stomatal Conductance (SC) and Canopy Transpiration Rate (CTR). Exposure to W4 under L1 considerably reduced cowpea yield by 80% compared to those grown under L3 and full watering. Reduced light intensity enhanced cowpea grain yield irrespective of water deficit stress and IT89KD-288 was superior to IT99K573-1-1. Reduction in light intensity also increased the SC from 55.18 in L1 to 76.88 in 36 % L3. Full light intensity without water stress (100% light intensity), increased C content, while severe water stress reduced the C content and CTR. Photosynthesis was, however, reduced under low light intensity compared to 100% light intensity. It was also observed that water deficit stress imposed at the reproductive stage did not affect P, CTR and SC unlike that of the vegetative stage. In conclusion, reduced light intensity enhanced cowpea tolerance to water deficit and increased yield. Cowpea response was dependent on growth stage, variety and severity of stress.
在田间发生的综合胁迫比单个胁迫对作物生产构成更大的挑战。作物对单一胁迫的反应也不同于对复合胁迫的反应。研究了2个豇豆品种IT89KD-288和IT99K573-1-1在不同生育期对亏水胁迫和强光胁迫组合的形态生理响应。3个光强水平(L3: 259 Lux- 36%， L2: 394 Lux-55%和L1: 710.2 Lux-100%)分别施加1层，2层和0层的净，而4个水平的水分亏缺胁迫(W1:无水分胁迫;0-5 bar, W2:中度水分胁迫;5-15 bar, W3:中重度;15-40 bar和W4:严重缺水;40 ~ 70 bar)，在营养生长和生殖生长阶段施加不同的剂量。收集了豇豆产量、叶温、叶绿素、光合作用、气孔导度和冠层蒸腾速率的相关数据。与在L3和满水条件下生长的豇豆相比，在L1条件下暴露于W4显著降低了80%的产量。不论水分亏缺胁迫如何，降低光强均能提高豇豆籽粒产量，且IT89KD-288优于IT99K573-1-1。光强的降低也使SC从L1的55.18增加到36% L3的76.88。无水分胁迫的全光强(100%光强)提高了C含量，而重度水分胁迫降低了C含量和CTR。然而，与100%光强相比，低光强下光合作用减少。与营养期不同，生殖期水分亏缺胁迫对P、CTR和SC的影响较小。综上所述，降低光照强度增强了豇豆对水分亏缺的耐受性，提高了产量。豇豆的反应与生长阶段、品种和胁迫程度有关。
{"title":"Physiological responses of cowpea simultaneously exposed to water deficit stress and varying light intensities at vegetative and reproductive growth stages","authors":"O. Adeniyi, S. Adejumo, M. Fofana, F. Adegbehingbe","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7896","url":null,"abstract":"A combination of stresses as it occurs on the field poses more challenges to crop production than individual stress. Crops’ response to single stress also differs from that of combined stresses. The morpho-physiological responses of two cowpea varieties (IT89KD-288 and IT99K573-1-1) to a combination of stresses (water deficit stress and high light intensity) were investigated at different growth stages. Three levels of light intensities (L3: 259 Lux- 36%, L2: 394 Lux-55% and L1: 710.2 Lux-100%) were imposed using one, two and zero layer(s) of the net, respectively, while, water deficit stress at four levels (W1: no water stress; 0-5 bars, W2: moderate water stress; 5-15 bars, W3: moderately-severe; 15-40 bars and W4: severe water stress; 40 -70 bars) was imposed differently at vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Data were collected on the cowpea yield, Leaf Temperature (LT), Chlorophyll (C), Photosynthesis (P), Stomatal Conductance (SC) and Canopy Transpiration Rate (CTR). Exposure to W4 under L1 considerably reduced cowpea yield by 80% compared to those grown under L3 and full watering. Reduced light intensity enhanced cowpea grain yield irrespective of water deficit stress and IT89KD-288 was superior to IT99K573-1-1. Reduction in light intensity also increased the SC from 55.18 in L1 to 76.88 in 36 % L3. Full light intensity without water stress (100% light intensity), increased C content, while severe water stress reduced the C content and CTR. Photosynthesis was, however, reduced under low light intensity compared to 100% light intensity. It was also observed that water deficit stress imposed at the reproductive stage did not affect P, CTR and SC unlike that of the vegetative stage. In conclusion, reduced light intensity enhanced cowpea tolerance to water deficit and increased yield. Cowpea response was dependent on growth stage, variety and severity of stress.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114836838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7821
Akram Ghaffari
Plants have different responses to salt and drought stresses. They transport several ions to balance osmotic potential and stomatal closure and opening. Ions including inorganic and organic cations and anions play a crucial role to alleviate abiotic stresses (salt and drought). Inorganic cations containing Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ and inorganic anions comprising Cl-, PO42-, NO3-, SO42- have a great role in osmotic and ion hemostasis in response to salt and water stresses. Organic anions like acetate, succinate, malate, citrate and oxalate showed vital impacts on alleviating damages of drought and salt stresses that lead to higher yield in severe conditions. In order to recognize the mechanisms that increase tolerance of salt and drought stresses, this review illustrates roles of organic and inorganic anions and cations and their interactions on osmotic adjustment, stomata closure and ion hemostasis. Halophytes will be compared with glycophytes as the proper models to find out differences in stress tolerance mechanisms.
{"title":"Role of inorganic and organic ions in response to salt and drought stresses","authors":"Akram Ghaffari","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7821","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have different responses to salt and drought stresses. They transport several ions to balance osmotic potential and stomatal closure and opening. Ions including inorganic and organic cations and anions play a crucial role to alleviate abiotic stresses (salt and drought). Inorganic cations containing Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ and inorganic anions comprising Cl-, PO42-, NO3-, SO42- have a great role in osmotic and ion hemostasis in response to salt and water stresses. Organic anions like acetate, succinate, malate, citrate and oxalate showed vital impacts on alleviating damages of drought and salt stresses that lead to higher yield in severe conditions. In order to recognize the mechanisms that increase tolerance of salt and drought stresses, this review illustrates roles of organic and inorganic anions and cations and their interactions on osmotic adjustment, stomata closure and ion hemostasis. Halophytes will be compared with glycophytes as the proper models to find out differences in stress tolerance mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115120179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7848
M. Faizan, B. N. Harish Babu, B. Fakrudin, D. Lakshmana, M. Rakshith
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the third most important solanaceous vegetable and most diversified within species spread across the world-geographical area. A study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity among the selected fifty-four eggplant genotypes (sub-categorized into five sub-population) using twenty-three SSR markers. The Analysis of Molecular Variance among the five sub-population of eggplant revealed the existence of 90.67% variation within populations and 9.34% variation among populations. The SSR markers analysis revealed important locus-wise information like mean Observed-Heterozygosity (0.216), mean Expected-Heterozygosity (0.496), Shannon’s Information Index (0.879), mean number of different alleles (3.209), mean number of effective alleles (2.535), Fixation-Index (0.649). Further, Phylogenetic-analysis clearly categorize genetically distinct individuals in which the most diversified clusters was cluster-1 (C1) out of total of five clusters and especially, wild cultivars were grouped into cluster-5 (C5). The obtained results can be used in eggplant breeding and germplasm conservation in a resourceful manner.
{"title":"Dissection of genetic diversity present in eggplant populations using simple sequence repeat markers","authors":"M. Faizan, B. N. Harish Babu, B. Fakrudin, D. Lakshmana, M. Rakshith","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7848","url":null,"abstract":"Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the third most important solanaceous vegetable and most diversified within species spread across the world-geographical area. A study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity among the selected fifty-four eggplant genotypes (sub-categorized into five sub-population) using twenty-three SSR markers. The Analysis of Molecular Variance among the five sub-population of eggplant revealed the existence of 90.67% variation within populations and 9.34% variation among populations. The SSR markers analysis revealed important locus-wise information like mean Observed-Heterozygosity (0.216), mean Expected-Heterozygosity (0.496), Shannon’s Information Index (0.879), mean number of different alleles (3.209), mean number of effective alleles (2.535), Fixation-Index (0.649). Further, Phylogenetic-analysis clearly categorize genetically distinct individuals in which the most diversified clusters was cluster-1 (C1) out of total of five clusters and especially, wild cultivars were grouped into cluster-5 (C5). The obtained results can be used in eggplant breeding and germplasm conservation in a resourceful manner.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130035480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7300
E. S. Ceti̇n, H. Canbay, S. Daler
Plants have an extremely important place in the life of living creatures and in the ecological cycle. First of all, they undertake a complex phenomenon such as photosynthesis and perform critical tasks such as being raw material for different industrial branches especially for human and animal nutrition, preventing erosion, contributing to the soil in terms of organic matter, and assuring temperature control. It is also known that the environmental conditions of plants, which have such a significant place in our lives are changing day by day and the plants are faced with a vast number of adverse factors. Plants are affected by these factors of biotic or abiotic origin, which are not suitable for them, and as a consequence, they get stressed. Drought is the leading one of these stress factors. It is clearly acknowledged that endogenous hormones play a major role in the expression of plants as sensitive or tolerant as a result of responses to different types of stresses. It is known that some other substances such as jasmonates, brassinosteroids, salicylic acid and nitric oxide have been included in the endogenous hormones, which were examined under five basic groups until recently, namely auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and ethylene. One of these hormones derived from carotenoids is strigolactones (SL). Recent studies demonstrate that this substance produced in plant roots is also at the forefront in terms of stress tolerance. In this study, the effect of SL applications on drought resistance was investigated in Kober 5 BB and 110 R American grapevine rootstocks with different drought tolerance. Rootstocks were treated with 5 and 10 µM SL and exposed to drought stress. In order to measure the effects of SLs on stress, some physical (shoot length, shoot weight, average number of leaves per shoot) and biochemical (mineral substance and endogenous hormones) analysis were carried out. In the study, it was determined that SLs are a sort of hormone that has positive effects in terms of plant growth and development, promotes plant mineral nutrition, and that there is a positive relationship between the synthesis of the endogenous hormones IAA and GA3. According to the results obtained, it is comprehended that SLs can be used as growth regulators to alleviate drought stress.
{"title":"The roles of strigolactones: Mineral compounds, indole-3 acetic acid and GA3 content in grapevine on drought stress","authors":"E. S. Ceti̇n, H. Canbay, S. Daler","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7300","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have an extremely important place in the life of living creatures and in the ecological cycle. First of all, they undertake a complex phenomenon such as photosynthesis and perform critical tasks such as being raw material for different industrial branches especially for human and animal nutrition, preventing erosion, contributing to the soil in terms of organic matter, and assuring temperature control. It is also known that the environmental conditions of plants, which have such a significant place in our lives are changing day by day and the plants are faced with a vast number of adverse factors. Plants are affected by these factors of biotic or abiotic origin, which are not suitable for them, and as a consequence, they get stressed. Drought is the leading one of these stress factors. It is clearly acknowledged that endogenous hormones play a major role in the expression of plants as sensitive or tolerant as a result of responses to different types of stresses. It is known that some other substances such as jasmonates, brassinosteroids, salicylic acid and nitric oxide have been included in the endogenous hormones, which were examined under five basic groups until recently, namely auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and ethylene. One of these hormones derived from carotenoids is strigolactones (SL). Recent studies demonstrate that this substance produced in plant roots is also at the forefront in terms of stress tolerance. In this study, the effect of SL applications on drought resistance was investigated in Kober 5 BB and 110 R American grapevine rootstocks with different drought tolerance. Rootstocks were treated with 5 and 10 µM SL and exposed to drought stress. In order to measure the effects of SLs on stress, some physical (shoot length, shoot weight, average number of leaves per shoot) and biochemical (mineral substance and endogenous hormones) analysis were carried out. In the study, it was determined that SLs are a sort of hormone that has positive effects in terms of plant growth and development, promotes plant mineral nutrition, and that there is a positive relationship between the synthesis of the endogenous hormones IAA and GA3. According to the results obtained, it is comprehended that SLs can be used as growth regulators to alleviate drought stress.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126963336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2021.v7.6413
A. Adem
Arabica Coffee is an important export commodity for Ethiopia, contributing 25 to 30 % of the country’s total foreign exchange earnings. Moisture stress is one of the major constraints of coffee production in Hararge, Eastern Ethiopia. Moisture stress affects the growth, yield and quality of coffee. Local coffee landraces are source of desirable traits including moisture stress tolerance. Accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate Hararge coffee landraces for moisture stress tolerance. Treatments consisted of 200 coffee landraces (178 from seven districts of east Hararge Zone and 22 from two districts of west Hararge Zone). The coffee landraces were field planted in July 2005 at Mechara Agricultural Research Center using augmented design with six trees per plot or accessions. Moisture stress tolerance was recorded from three randomly selected coffee trees per plot, three times a day (in the morning, noon and night) from January 05 to 25, 2014. The stress tolerance was determined using 1-5 scale by visual scoring (1- all leaves green and turgid, 2- most leaves still turgid but younger leaves show leaf folding; 3- all leaves wilt or fold, 4- Leaves partially turning pales, and partly shed showing severe wilting and 5-leaves completely turning brown and dry, mostly dropping). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of this study revealed that the coffee landraces varied in their level of tolerance to moisture stress. The 200 coffee landraces were grouped into seven clusters based on their level of tolerance to moisture stress. Nine coffee landraces (4.5%) were highly tolerant to moisture stress, 25 (12.5%) were tolerant, and 36 (18%) were moderately tolerant. On the other hand, 60 coffee landraces (30%) were less tolerant; while 57 (28.5%), 11(5.5%) and 2 (1%) were moderately sensitive, sensitive and highly sensitive to moisture stress, in that order. There was variation in coffee landraces for moisture stress tolerance both between and within areas of the collection. Hence, it is advisable to maintain and use promising coffee landraces in coffee breeding. Screening of the landraces under controlled conditions like green house and studying of mechanisms of moisture stress is also the way forward.
{"title":"Evaluation of Hararge coffee (Coffea arabica L.) landraces for moisture stress tolerance","authors":"A. Adem","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2021.v7.6413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2021.v7.6413","url":null,"abstract":"Arabica Coffee is an important export commodity for Ethiopia, contributing 25 to 30 % of the country’s total foreign exchange earnings. Moisture stress is one of the major constraints of coffee production in Hararge, Eastern Ethiopia. Moisture stress affects the growth, yield and quality of coffee. Local coffee landraces are source of desirable traits including moisture stress tolerance. Accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate Hararge coffee landraces for moisture stress tolerance. Treatments consisted of 200 coffee landraces (178 from seven districts of east Hararge Zone and 22 from two districts of west Hararge Zone). The coffee landraces were field planted in July 2005 at Mechara Agricultural Research Center using augmented design with six trees per plot or accessions. Moisture stress tolerance was recorded from three randomly selected coffee trees per plot, three times a day (in the morning, noon and night) from January 05 to 25, 2014. The stress tolerance was determined using 1-5 scale by visual scoring (1- all leaves green and turgid, 2- most leaves still turgid but younger leaves show leaf folding; 3- all leaves wilt or fold, 4- Leaves partially turning pales, and partly shed showing severe wilting and 5-leaves completely turning brown and dry, mostly dropping). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of this study revealed that the coffee landraces varied in their level of tolerance to moisture stress. The 200 coffee landraces were grouped into seven clusters based on their level of tolerance to moisture stress. Nine coffee landraces (4.5%) were highly tolerant to moisture stress, 25 (12.5%) were tolerant, and 36 (18%) were moderately tolerant. On the other hand, 60 coffee landraces (30%) were less tolerant; while 57 (28.5%), 11(5.5%) and 2 (1%) were moderately sensitive, sensitive and highly sensitive to moisture stress, in that order. There was variation in coffee landraces for moisture stress tolerance both between and within areas of the collection. Hence, it is advisable to maintain and use promising coffee landraces in coffee breeding. Screening of the landraces under controlled conditions like green house and studying of mechanisms of moisture stress is also the way forward. ","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129422906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2021.v7.7150
Vikrant, A. Jasmine, M. R. Roobavathi
Abiotic stress such as drought and agrochemicals leads the drastic reductions in legume yields, hence, in order to mitigate the loss of yields due to abiotic stresses, the production of stress tolerance genotypes of the legumes could be a rewarding approach. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the drought and herbicide stress effects under ex-vitro conditions on seed germination and early seedling growth in a legume crop mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). To begin with, drought stress was induced by employing various concentrations of mannitol (50mM, 100mM, 250mM, 500mM, 750mM, and 1000mM) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) while during herbicide stress experiments, dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and picloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) were considered in various concentrations (5mg/L, 25mg/L, 50mg/L, and 100mg/L) of each. Moreover, data were collected as partial and full seed germination after 3- and 7-days of stress treatments respectively. After 7-days of mannitol stress treatments, results reveals that even the high concentration of mannitol (500mM) could be proved as weak osmotic stressor for seed germination (35%±0.14) in comparison to control (91%±0.74) while further increase in mannitol concentration (750mM) was proved to be lethal, toxic and inhibits seed germination completely. Furthermore, in comparison to mannitol, PEG turns out as strong osmotic stressors and (15%) of PEG was proved to very lethal for seed germination. Even during early seedling growth, increased concentrations of both mannitol and PEG were found to be inhibitory. Among two herbicides, the result shows that both herbicides (dicamba and picloram) were proved to be completely toxic and lethal even at very low concentrations (5mg/L) and induced abnormal seed germination and inhibited completely seedling growth. However, the inhibitory response of picloram herbicide stress on seed germination was found to be more pronounced and severe than dicamba herbicide. Hence, the present study reveals that in comparison to mannitol, PEG turns out as a strong osmotic stressor while picloram proves to be a relatively more toxic herbicide than dicamba for seed germination. Additionally, drought stress induced seedlings on transfer to soil exhibit inhibited growth under continuous irrigation with either mannitol or PEG solutions.
{"title":"Impacts of drought and herbicide stress on seed germination and early seedling growth in a legume crop mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)","authors":"Vikrant, A. Jasmine, M. R. Roobavathi","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2021.v7.7150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2021.v7.7150","url":null,"abstract":"Abiotic stress such as drought and agrochemicals leads the drastic reductions in legume yields, hence, in order to mitigate the loss of yields due to abiotic stresses, the production of stress tolerance genotypes of the legumes could be a rewarding approach. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the drought and herbicide stress effects under ex-vitro conditions on seed germination and early seedling growth in a legume crop mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). To begin with, drought stress was induced by employing various concentrations of mannitol (50mM, 100mM, 250mM, 500mM, 750mM, and 1000mM) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) while during herbicide stress experiments, dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and picloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) were considered in various concentrations (5mg/L, 25mg/L, 50mg/L, and 100mg/L) of each. Moreover, data were collected as partial and full seed germination after 3- and 7-days of stress treatments respectively. After 7-days of mannitol stress treatments, results reveals that even the high concentration of mannitol (500mM) could be proved as weak osmotic stressor for seed germination (35%±0.14) in comparison to control (91%±0.74) while further increase in mannitol concentration (750mM) was proved to be lethal, toxic and inhibits seed germination completely. Furthermore, in comparison to mannitol, PEG turns out as strong osmotic stressors and (15%) of PEG was proved to very lethal for seed germination. Even during early seedling growth, increased concentrations of both mannitol and PEG were found to be inhibitory. Among two herbicides, the result shows that both herbicides (dicamba and picloram) were proved to be completely toxic and lethal even at very low concentrations (5mg/L) and induced abnormal seed germination and inhibited completely seedling growth. However, the inhibitory response of picloram herbicide stress on seed germination was found to be more pronounced and severe than dicamba herbicide. Hence, the present study reveals that in comparison to mannitol, PEG turns out as a strong osmotic stressor while picloram proves to be a relatively more toxic herbicide than dicamba for seed germination. Additionally, drought stress induced seedlings on transfer to soil exhibit inhibited growth under continuous irrigation with either mannitol or PEG solutions.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124183493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-11DOI: 10.25081/JPSP.2019.V5.5490
M. Chellamuthu, Reshma Sanal, S. Subramanian
Omega 3 fatty acid desaturases are involved in the production of α-linolenic acid (LNA) an essential omega 3 fatty acid, which is present in only traces in sesame seeds. LNA is the precursor for jasmonic acid which is the end product of octadecanoid pathway. This study was undertaken to analyze the key components of octadecanoid pathway and its relationship with fatty acid content in sesame. Fatty acid desaturation and membrane fluidity are modulated differentially in various stresses. Sesame seedlings were subjected to transient stress to analyse the octadecanoid pathway and its impact on fatty acid desaturation. The mRNA levels of omega 3 desaturases and LNA content were higher in cold stressed sesame seedlings than heat, drought and salinity stresses. The LOX activity and MDA content were higher in heat stressed sesame seedlings. Jasmonic acid content was higher in salinity stressed seedlings while abscisic acid registered the highest in drought stressed seedlings. Chloroplast fatty acid desaturase genes expression was found to increase the LNA content in cold stressed seedlings. The level of membrane damage measured by lipid peroxidation in terms of LOX activity and MDA content were found to be minimal in cold stressed seedling. This suggests a possible role of LNA in membrane fluidity and cold acclimation in sesame. A synergistic role of JA and ABA is also suspected in abiotic stress tolerance in sesame.
{"title":"Fatty acid desaturases modulated octadecanoid pathway in Sesame","authors":"M. Chellamuthu, Reshma Sanal, S. Subramanian","doi":"10.25081/JPSP.2019.V5.5490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JPSP.2019.V5.5490","url":null,"abstract":"Omega 3 fatty acid desaturases are involved in the production of α-linolenic acid (LNA) an essential omega 3 fatty acid, which is present in only traces in sesame seeds. LNA is the precursor for jasmonic acid which is the end product of octadecanoid pathway. This study was undertaken to analyze the key components of octadecanoid pathway and its relationship with fatty acid content in sesame. Fatty acid desaturation and membrane fluidity are modulated differentially in various stresses. Sesame seedlings were subjected to transient stress to analyse the octadecanoid pathway and its impact on fatty acid desaturation. The mRNA levels of omega 3 desaturases and LNA content were higher in cold stressed sesame seedlings than heat, drought and salinity stresses. The LOX activity and MDA content were higher in heat stressed sesame seedlings. Jasmonic acid content was higher in salinity stressed seedlings while abscisic acid registered the highest in drought stressed seedlings. Chloroplast fatty acid desaturase genes expression was found to increase the LNA content in cold stressed seedlings. The level of membrane damage measured by lipid peroxidation in terms of LOX activity and MDA content were found to be minimal in cold stressed seedling. This suggests a possible role of LNA in membrane fluidity and cold acclimation in sesame. A synergistic role of JA and ABA is also suspected in abiotic stress tolerance in sesame.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123645908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.25081/JPSP.2019.V5.5643
C. Brindha, S. Vasantha, R. Arunkumar
A few commercial sugarcane genotypes were subjected to salinity stress at various growth phases of sugarcane to ascertain the critical growth stage for salinity stress and to assess the response of the genotypes. All the data were recorded and analysed during maturity phase. The salt treatments drastically reduced SPAD chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, RWC, stalk height, weight and other yield parameters in a few genotypes during T2 (salt treatment given during formative phase) & T5 (salt treatment given throughout crop cycle) but a few genotypes which are tolerant towards salt stress gave better results comparing other genotypes. The ions like sodium, potassium and chloride were analysed in the juice which showed higher elevation in the genotype Co 97010. Among the genotypes, Co 85019 and Co 99004 recorded significantly prime compared to rest of the genotypes. Treatment throughout the growth phases (T5) followed by stress at formative phase (T2) were found to be critical for growth, physiological and yield responses in all the genotypes.
{"title":"The RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE GENOTYPES SUBJECTED TO SALINITY STRESS AT DIFFERENT GROWTH PHASES","authors":"C. Brindha, S. Vasantha, R. Arunkumar","doi":"10.25081/JPSP.2019.V5.5643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JPSP.2019.V5.5643","url":null,"abstract":" A few commercial sugarcane genotypes were subjected to salinity stress at various growth phases of sugarcane to ascertain the critical growth stage for salinity stress and to assess the response of the genotypes. All the data were recorded and analysed during maturity phase. The salt treatments drastically reduced SPAD chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, RWC, stalk height, weight and other yield parameters in a few genotypes during T2 (salt treatment given during formative phase) & T5 (salt treatment given throughout crop cycle) but a few genotypes which are tolerant towards salt stress gave better results comparing other genotypes. The ions like sodium, potassium and chloride were analysed in the juice which showed higher elevation in the genotype Co 97010. Among the genotypes, Co 85019 and Co 99004 recorded significantly prime compared to rest of the genotypes. Treatment throughout the growth phases (T5) followed by stress at formative phase (T2) were found to be critical for growth, physiological and yield responses in all the genotypes.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124642054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.25081/JPSP.2019.V5.5444
A. Kandil, F. A. A. EL-Fatah
An investigation was conducted to study the response of antioxidants seed priming on rice cultivars and their effect on germination under salinity levels. The result indicated that the highest in shoot height (cm), root height (cm), seedling vigor index, and other related parameters, relative dry weight% were produced from Sakha 106 cultivar. The lowest seedling height reduction % was produced from Sakha 106 cultivar. An enhancement in salt concentration resulted a reduction in all studied parameters except seedling height reduction %. The results indicated the highest shoot height (cm), root height (cm),seedling vigor index, shoot fresh and dry weight (mg), root fresh and dry weight (mg), relative dry weight% and seedling height reduction % from which soaking, as pretreatment, in Humic acid at 500ppm. The interactions between cultivars, salinity concentration and antioxidants were insignificant on some traits. It could be concluded that to improve seedling parameters of rice cultivars under salinity stress; it could be recommended that soaking Sakha 106 cultivar seed in Humic acid at 500 ppm for 24 h. It can be used in breeding program to boost production in Egyptian territory.
{"title":"Influence of antioxidants and salinity stress on seedling parameters of some rice cultivars","authors":"A. Kandil, F. A. A. EL-Fatah","doi":"10.25081/JPSP.2019.V5.5444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JPSP.2019.V5.5444","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was conducted to study the response of antioxidants seed priming on rice cultivars and their effect on germination under salinity levels. The result indicated that the highest in shoot height (cm), root height (cm), seedling vigor index, and other related parameters, relative dry weight% were produced from Sakha 106 cultivar. The lowest seedling height reduction % was produced from Sakha 106 cultivar. An enhancement in salt concentration resulted a reduction in all studied parameters except seedling height reduction %. The results indicated the highest shoot height (cm), root height (cm),seedling vigor index, shoot fresh and dry weight (mg), root fresh and dry weight (mg), relative dry weight% and seedling height reduction % from which soaking, as pretreatment, in Humic acid at 500ppm. The interactions between cultivars, salinity concentration and antioxidants were insignificant on some traits. It could be concluded that to improve seedling parameters of rice cultivars under salinity stress; it could be recommended that soaking Sakha 106 cultivar seed in Humic acid at 500 ppm for 24 h. It can be used in breeding program to boost production in Egyptian territory.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124147820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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