Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i03.002
Sintayehu Gedifew
Sesame production faces substantial challenges, particularly in terms of shattering. To address this issue, sesame breeding programs focus on developing cultivars with minimized shattering. A pivotal aspect in achieving high-yielding and shatter-resistant cultivars lies in comprehending the association between shattering and traits related to seed yield. Thus, this study aimed to examine the correlation between shattering and morphological traits associated with seed yield, as well as to characterize genotypes based on seed yield and shattering related traits. This study utilized 64 sesame genotypes, employing an 8 x 8 simple lattice design. The study revealed significant positive correlations between shattering and the duration from capsule opening to maturity, as well as the length of cracking on opened capsules. Notably, shattering exhibits a negative correlation with seed yield related morphological traits, such as plant height and branches, suggesting taller genotypes with more branches experience lower shattering. Similarly, shattering-related traits showed a significant negative correlation with yield related morphological traits. This study advocates selecting sesame genotypes with reduced shattering while maintaining high-yielding characteristics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of sesame genotypes reveals essential insights, with the first four components explaining 72.90% of the total variation. Seed yield and related traits contribute significantly to PC1, emphasizing their importance in explaining variability. Capsule length, shattering (%) and days from capsule opening to maturity have large scores on PC2. PCA confirmed genotypic differences, aiding breeders in selecting high-yielding, low-shattering varieties like AsARC-acc-SG-013 for future breeding programs. Cluster analysis grouped the 64 sesame genotypes into two clusters, where Cluster I and Cluster II represent 40.62% and 59.38% of the total genotypes, respectively. Cluster analysis identifies traits distinguishing Cluster I from II, including plant height, branches, capsules, capsule-bearing zone length, seed yield, and shattering-related traits. Genotypes belonging to Cluster I exhibit superiority for desirable traits.
芝麻生产面临着巨大的挑战，尤其是在破碎方面。为解决这一问题，芝麻育种计划的重点是开发破碎率最小的栽培品种。要培育出高产、抗碎裂的品种，关键在于了解碎裂与种子产量相关性状之间的关系。因此，本研究旨在考察破碎与种子产量相关形态特征之间的相关性，并根据种子产量和破碎相关性状来确定基因型的特征。本研究利用 64 个芝麻基因型，采用 8 x 8 简单网格设计。研究发现，碎裂与从蒴果开裂到成熟的持续时间以及蒴果开裂的长度之间存在明显的正相关。值得注意的是，破碎与种子产量相关的形态特征（如株高和分枝）呈负相关，这表明株高较高、分枝较多的基因型破碎率较低。同样，碎裂相关性状与产量相关形态性状也呈显著负相关。这项研究提倡在保持高产特性的同时，选择破碎率较低的芝麻基因型。芝麻基因型的主成分分析（PCA）揭示了芝麻的基本特性，前四个成分解释了总变异的 72.90%。种子产量和相关性状对 PC1 的贡献很大，强调了它们在解释变异方面的重要性。蒴果长度、破碎率（%）和从蒴果开放到成熟的天数在 PC2 中得分较高。PCA 证实了基因型差异，有助于育种者在未来的育种计划中选择高产、低破碎率的品种，如 AsARC-acc-SG-013。聚类分析将 64 个芝麻基因型分为两个聚类，其中聚类 I 和聚类 II 分别占基因型总数的 40.62% 和 59.38%。聚类分析确定了区分簇 I 和簇 II 的性状，包括株高、分枝、蒴果、蒴果着生区长度、种子产量和破碎相关性状。属于簇 I 的基因型在理想性状方面表现出优势。
{"title":"Multivariate Analyses of Shattering and Seed Yield Related Morphological Traits Reveal High Yielding Sesame Genotypes Exhibit Low Degree of Shattering","authors":"Sintayehu Gedifew","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Sesame production faces substantial challenges, particularly in terms of shattering. To address this issue, sesame breeding programs focus on developing cultivars with minimized shattering. A pivotal aspect in achieving high-yielding and shatter-resistant cultivars lies in comprehending the association between shattering and traits related to seed yield. Thus, this study aimed to examine the correlation between shattering and morphological traits associated with seed yield, as well as to characterize genotypes based on seed yield and shattering related traits. This study utilized 64 sesame genotypes, employing an 8 x 8 simple lattice design. The study revealed significant positive correlations between shattering and the duration from capsule opening to maturity, as well as the length of cracking on opened capsules. Notably, shattering exhibits a negative correlation with seed yield related morphological traits, such as plant height and branches, suggesting taller genotypes with more branches experience lower shattering. Similarly, shattering-related traits showed a significant negative correlation with yield related morphological traits. This study advocates selecting sesame genotypes with reduced shattering while maintaining high-yielding characteristics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of sesame genotypes reveals essential insights, with the first four components explaining 72.90% of the total variation. Seed yield and related traits contribute significantly to PC1, emphasizing their importance in explaining variability. Capsule length, shattering (%) and days from capsule opening to maturity have large scores on PC2. PCA confirmed genotypic differences, aiding breeders in selecting high-yielding, low-shattering varieties like AsARC-acc-SG-013 for future breeding programs. Cluster analysis grouped the 64 sesame genotypes into two clusters, where Cluster I and Cluster II represent 40.62% and 59.38% of the total genotypes, respectively. Cluster analysis identifies traits distinguishing Cluster I from II, including plant height, branches, capsules, capsule-bearing zone length, seed yield, and shattering-related traits. Genotypes belonging to Cluster I exhibit superiority for desirable traits.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i03.003
C. Marchiori, Marco Vinícios de Oliveira Santana, Klebert de Paula Malheiros
Leech therapy relieves pain and inflammation, and there are explanations for its success. In leech saliva, in addition to substances that prevent blood clotting, there are also analgesic and anesthetic compounds that reduce pain. This article aims to study the characteristics of the leech (Annellida: Hirudinea: Rhynchobdelliformes) and its use in Medicine. This is a narrative review of the literature, which is indicated to explain and discuss a certain subject from a theoretical or contextual perspective, to allow the reader to ask questions and update knowledge on a specific topic. The search for scientific articles that made up this review was carried out on Google Scholar, Biological Abstract, HAL, Qeios, ResearchGate, Scielo, and SSRN. The following descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) were used: biological therapy, larva, wound, debridement, and healing. The following inclusion criteria were considered: original articles and reviews, published nationally and internationally in full, available electronically, and published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The exclusion criteria were dissertations, theses, monographs, and conclusion work, as well as duplicates and those that require payment to access the content during integration.
水蛭疗法可以缓解疼痛和炎症，其成功是有原因的。在水蛭的唾液中，除了防止血液凝结的物质外，还有镇痛和麻醉化合物，可以减轻疼痛。本文旨在研究水蛭（Annellida: Hirudinea: Rhynchobdelliformes）的特征及其在医学中的应用。这是一篇叙事性的文献综述，旨在从理论或背景的角度解释和讨论某一主题，以便读者就特定主题提出问题和更新知识。构成本综述的科学文章是在 Google Scholar、Biological Abstract、HAL、Qeios、ResearchGate、Scielo 和 SSRN 上搜索的。使用了以下健康科学（DeCS）描述符：生物疗法、幼虫、伤口、清创和愈合。纳入标准如下：原创文章和综述，在国内外全文发表，有电子版，以葡萄牙语、英语和西班牙语发表。排除标准是论文、论著、专著和结论性作品，以及重复和在整合过程中需要付费才能获取内容的文章。
{"title":"Leeches and Their Use in Medicine (Annellida: Hirudinea: Rhynchobdelliformes)","authors":"C. Marchiori, Marco Vinícios de Oliveira Santana, Klebert de Paula Malheiros","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Leech therapy relieves pain and inflammation, and there are explanations for its success. In leech saliva, in addition to substances that prevent blood clotting, there are also analgesic and anesthetic compounds that reduce pain. This article aims to study the characteristics of the leech (Annellida: Hirudinea: Rhynchobdelliformes) and its use in Medicine. This is a narrative review of the literature, which is indicated to explain and discuss a certain subject from a theoretical or contextual perspective, to allow the reader to ask questions and update knowledge on a specific topic. The search for scientific articles that made up this review was carried out on Google Scholar, Biological Abstract, HAL, Qeios, ResearchGate, Scielo, and SSRN. The following descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) were used: biological therapy, larva, wound, debridement, and healing. The following inclusion criteria were considered: original articles and reviews, published nationally and internationally in full, available electronically, and published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The exclusion criteria were dissertations, theses, monographs, and conclusion work, as well as duplicates and those that require payment to access the content during integration.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"47 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i01.004
Pervin Akter, Rabeya Begum
This study investigates the allelopathic effects of aqueous root exudate extracts of Ageratum conyzoides on the germination, shoot length, and root length of various agricultural crops. The study reveals how different species respond uniquely to varying concentrations, uncovering complex dynamics in crop-allelopathic interactions. The germination analysis reveals distinct sensitivities among the tested crops. C. sativus demonstrates resilience, displaying minimal germination reduction even at higher exudate concentrations. C. arietinum exhibits moderate susceptibility, while Z. mays emerge as the most sensitive crop, displaying a profound reduction in germination. L. esculentum and P. vulgaris also exhibit sensitivity, with adverse impacts on germination rates. A. esculentus consistently shows reduced germination rates with increasing exudate concentrations. Shoot length dynamics show that all crops experience greatest elongation without A. conyzoides root exudates, suggesting inhibition of growth by these exudates. Shoot growth declines with higher exudate concentrations across most crops, with varying sensitivities. C. sativus consistently decreases, while C. arietinum, Z. mays, and P. vulgaris show concentration-dependent inhibition. S. lycopersicum significantly reduces shoot elongation, and A. esculentus remains consistently sensitive. Root length patterns further elucidate the allelopathic effects. Responses vary across species and concentrations. A. esculentus roots thrive at lower concentrations but decline at higher ones. S. lycopersicum shows initial reduction, significant decline, followed by recovery. Z. mays and C. arietinum exhibit fluctuating responses. P. vulgaris consistently grows, while C. sativus persistently displays reduced root elongation. These findings highlight the complex and species-specific allelopathic interactions between A. conyzoides and agricultural crops, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of these dynamics for effective crop management in A. conyzoides-infested areas.
本研究调查了Ageratum conyzoides根部渗出物水提取物对各种农作物的发芽、芽长和根长的等位效应。研究揭示了不同物种对不同浓度的独特反应，揭示了作物与等位病理相互作用的复杂动态。发芽分析表明，受试作物之间存在不同的敏感性。C. sativus 具有较强的抗逆性，即使在较高的渗出液浓度下，其发芽率也极低。C. arietinum 表现出中等程度的敏感性，而 Z. mays 则是最敏感的作物，其发芽率显著降低。L. esculentum 和 P. vulgaris 也表现出敏感性，对发芽率有不利影响。随着渗出液浓度的增加，A. esculentus 的发芽率持续下降。嫩枝长度动态变化表明，所有作物在没有根瘤菌根部渗出物的情况下伸长率最大，这表明这些渗出物抑制了生长。大多数作物的嫩枝生长随着渗出物浓度的增加而下降，但敏感程度各不相同。C. sativus 的生长持续下降，而 C. arietinum、Z. mays 和 P. vulgaris 则表现出浓度依赖性抑制。番茄（S. lycopersicum）会显著降低嫩枝伸长率，而芒果（A. esculentus）则始终保持敏感性。根长模式进一步阐明了等位异株效应。不同物种和浓度的反应各不相同。A. esculentus 的根系在浓度较低时生长旺盛，但在浓度较高时则会衰退。番茄（S. lycopersicum）显示出最初的减少、显著下降和随后的恢复。Z. mays 和 C. arietinum 的反应起伏不定。P. vulgaris 一直在生长，而 C. sativus 一直显示出根伸长减少。这些发现凸显了矢车菊与农作物之间复杂且具有物种特异性的等位异化作用，强调需要全面了解这些动态，以便在矢车菊肆虐的地区进行有效的作物管理。
{"title":"Allelopathic Effects of Ageratum conyzoides Root Exudates on Germinability of Selected Crops: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Pervin Akter, Rabeya Begum","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i01.004","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the allelopathic effects of aqueous root exudate extracts of Ageratum conyzoides on the germination, shoot length, and root length of various agricultural crops. The study reveals how different species respond uniquely to varying concentrations, uncovering complex dynamics in crop-allelopathic interactions. The germination analysis reveals distinct sensitivities among the tested crops. C. sativus demonstrates resilience, displaying minimal germination reduction even at higher exudate concentrations. C. arietinum exhibits moderate susceptibility, while Z. mays emerge as the most sensitive crop, displaying a profound reduction in germination. L. esculentum and P. vulgaris also exhibit sensitivity, with adverse impacts on germination rates. A. esculentus consistently shows reduced germination rates with increasing exudate concentrations. Shoot length dynamics show that all crops experience greatest elongation without A. conyzoides root exudates, suggesting inhibition of growth by these exudates. Shoot growth declines with higher exudate concentrations across most crops, with varying sensitivities. C. sativus consistently decreases, while C. arietinum, Z. mays, and P. vulgaris show concentration-dependent inhibition. S. lycopersicum significantly reduces shoot elongation, and A. esculentus remains consistently sensitive. Root length patterns further elucidate the allelopathic effects. Responses vary across species and concentrations. A. esculentus roots thrive at lower concentrations but decline at higher ones. S. lycopersicum shows initial reduction, significant decline, followed by recovery. Z. mays and C. arietinum exhibit fluctuating responses. P. vulgaris consistently grows, while C. sativus persistently displays reduced root elongation. These findings highlight the complex and species-specific allelopathic interactions between A. conyzoides and agricultural crops, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of these dynamics for effective crop management in A. conyzoides-infested areas.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i01.002
Siyanbola Mojisola Funmilayo
This study investigated the fatty acid profile of three freshwater fish species from igboho reservoir Oyo state Nigeria. This is as a result of a great degree of interest on fatty acids on human health. The fishes used in this study are snakehead (Parachanna obscura, Gunther 1844), African mud fish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) and African pike (Hepsetus odoe, Blotch, 1794). The fatty acid profile analysis showed the existence of Saturated (SFA), Monosaturated (MUFA) and Polysaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. Results obtained showed a wide range of Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (30.24-33.37%), Saturated fatty acids (SFA) (38.51-53.98%) and Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (13.28-24.30%). Palmitic and Stearic acids were the major fatty acids in saturated fatty acid group, Oleic and Palmitoleic acids were the predominant fatty acids in Monosaturated fatty acid group while Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Linoleic acid were the major Polyunsaturated fatty acids. The n-3/n-6 ratio values of the three fish species is below 1.0 which fall within the proposed dietary intake standard (0.25-1.0) and a good indication that the three fish species can supply the required essential acid needed by Man. Moreover, the PUFA/SFA coefficient ratio of P. obscura exceeded the minimum value by HMSO which represents an advantageous impart when consumed by Man.
{"title":"Fatty Acid Profile Analyses of Three Freshwater Fish Species from Igboho Reservoir, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Siyanbola Mojisola Funmilayo","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2024.v04i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the fatty acid profile of three freshwater fish species from igboho reservoir Oyo state Nigeria. This is as a result of a great degree of interest on fatty acids on human health. The fishes used in this study are snakehead (Parachanna obscura, Gunther 1844), African mud fish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) and African pike (Hepsetus odoe, Blotch, 1794). The fatty acid profile analysis showed the existence of Saturated (SFA), Monosaturated (MUFA) and Polysaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. Results obtained showed a wide range of Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (30.24-33.37%), Saturated fatty acids (SFA) (38.51-53.98%) and Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (13.28-24.30%). Palmitic and Stearic acids were the major fatty acids in saturated fatty acid group, Oleic and Palmitoleic acids were the predominant fatty acids in Monosaturated fatty acid group while Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Linoleic acid were the major Polyunsaturated fatty acids. The n-3/n-6 ratio values of the three fish species is below 1.0 which fall within the proposed dietary intake standard (0.25-1.0) and a good indication that the three fish species can supply the required essential acid needed by Man. Moreover, the PUFA/SFA coefficient ratio of P. obscura exceeded the minimum value by HMSO which represents an advantageous impart when consumed by Man.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"133 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.007
Yusuf A. B, S. A.
Childhood malnutrition is still a serious public health problem in Nigeria. This may be attributed to poor infant and young child feeding practices. In a bid to address this challenge, the current study was initiated to produce optimal complementary foods (CF). Six composite blends designated F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6 were formulated from yellow maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), millet (Pennisetum glaucum), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), soyabeans (Glycine max), and Moringa oleifera. Nutrisurvey was used to calculate the proportion of ingredients in the composite blends to meet nutritional specification in codex guideline. Nutritional composition, functional and consumer acceptance analyses were conducted, as well as feeding trials in moderately malnourished children for eight weeks. Anthropometric, biochemical and selected haematological parameters of the children were used to assess the performance of the CF formulations. Results of proximate analysis indicated that moisture content; crude protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, and carbohydrate were within the codex guidelines. The amino acid profile indicated that all essential amino acids were present in acceptable quantity. The functional properties revealed that bulk density ranged from 0.63-0.81, water absorption capacity 86-90%, swelling index 0.33-1.34, reconstitution index 2.20-3.20, and pH 6.52-6.69. The sensory evaluations suggest that the CF formulations were well accepted by the participants. The feeding trial indicated growth and recovery in the children at Endline. The current study therefore, revealed that with proper blending of local foodstuff, it is possible to prepare acceptable and nutritionally adequate CF.
{"title":"Biochemical and Haematological Parameters of Children Fed Optimized Cereal-legume Blend supplemented with Moringa leaf Powder","authors":"Yusuf A. B, S. A.","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.007","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood malnutrition is still a serious public health problem in Nigeria. This may be attributed to poor infant and young child feeding practices. In a bid to address this challenge, the current study was initiated to produce optimal complementary foods (CF). Six composite blends designated F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6 were formulated from yellow maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum), millet (Pennisetum glaucum), groundnut (Arachis hypogea), soyabeans (Glycine max), and Moringa oleifera. Nutrisurvey was used to calculate the proportion of ingredients in the composite blends to meet nutritional specification in codex guideline. Nutritional composition, functional and consumer acceptance analyses were conducted, as well as feeding trials in moderately malnourished children for eight weeks. Anthropometric, biochemical and selected haematological parameters of the children were used to assess the performance of the CF formulations. Results of proximate analysis indicated that moisture content; crude protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, and carbohydrate were within the codex guidelines. The amino acid profile indicated that all essential amino acids were present in acceptable quantity. The functional properties revealed that bulk density ranged from 0.63-0.81, water absorption capacity 86-90%, swelling index 0.33-1.34, reconstitution index 2.20-3.20, and pH 6.52-6.69. The sensory evaluations suggest that the CF formulations were well accepted by the participants. The feeding trial indicated growth and recovery in the children at Endline. The current study therefore, revealed that with proper blending of local foodstuff, it is possible to prepare acceptable and nutritionally adequate CF.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"205 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.008
Yusuf A. B, Sani U. B
Herbal teas are used as therapeutic vehicles in many forms of traditional medicine and are popular global beverage. The purpose of this study was to assess the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition, functional properties and sensorial attributes of different formulations of lemon grass teas supplemented with ginger powder as supporting and activating herbs using standard analytical methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance and results expressed as mean ±standard deviation of triplicate determinations. The qualitative phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and quinones. The quantitative determination of these phytoconstituents revealed that the alkaloid content ranged from (0.27-0.28mg/g), tannins (0.04-0.05 mg/g), saponins (0.17-0.18mg/g), flavonoids (0.28-0.30g/cm3) and phenol (0.47-0.49g/cm3). The results obtained for functional properties revealed that pH ranged from (6.26-6.30), reconstitution index (6.00-6.40 g/cm3), swelling index (2.3-3.1g/cm3), wettability (35.00-49.00 sec.), bulk density (0.27-0.31 g/cm3) and water absorption capacity (72.26-78.35). Mean scores of sensory evaluations for taste ranged from: (6.0-7.0), colour (6.0-7.0), flavour (7.0-8.3), consistency (5.0-6.0) and overall acceptance (7.0-8.0).in conclusion, based on the results of this study, lemon grass teas supplemented with ginger powder are good reservoir of phytoconstituents with potential nutritional health benefits.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Functional Properties of Lemon Grass Tea Supplemented with Ginger Powder","authors":"Yusuf A. B, Sani U. B","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.008","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal teas are used as therapeutic vehicles in many forms of traditional medicine and are popular global beverage. The purpose of this study was to assess the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition, functional properties and sensorial attributes of different formulations of lemon grass teas supplemented with ginger powder as supporting and activating herbs using standard analytical methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance and results expressed as mean ±standard deviation of triplicate determinations. The qualitative phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and quinones. The quantitative determination of these phytoconstituents revealed that the alkaloid content ranged from (0.27-0.28mg/g), tannins (0.04-0.05 mg/g), saponins (0.17-0.18mg/g), flavonoids (0.28-0.30g/cm3) and phenol (0.47-0.49g/cm3). The results obtained for functional properties revealed that pH ranged from (6.26-6.30), reconstitution index (6.00-6.40 g/cm3), swelling index (2.3-3.1g/cm3), wettability (35.00-49.00 sec.), bulk density (0.27-0.31 g/cm3) and water absorption capacity (72.26-78.35). Mean scores of sensory evaluations for taste ranged from: (6.0-7.0), colour (6.0-7.0), flavour (7.0-8.3), consistency (5.0-6.0) and overall acceptance (7.0-8.0).in conclusion, based on the results of this study, lemon grass teas supplemented with ginger powder are good reservoir of phytoconstituents with potential nutritional health benefits.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.006
N. K. Ahirwar
{"title":"Response and Impact of Environmental Stress on Crop Reproduction","authors":"N. K. Ahirwar","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.005
Nwangbo T. N, Idenyi N. E, Idu K. H
We report the use of weight loss technique in the study of the corrosion behaviour of engineering mild steel in acidified and hydrolysed corrosion media using Zingiber officinale (Ginger) extracts. Cylindrical steel rods were cut into corrosion coupons of predetermined dimensions of 15 mm by 10mm diameter. The coupons were then weighed before being suspended in situ in fours into beakers containing 10 mL, 15 mL and 20 mL of the extracts in 0.5 M and 1.0 M concentrations of H2SO4 and NaOH respectively. These setups were allowed to stand for a period of 28 days with a coupon withdrawn from each beaker after every 7 days, processed according to standard procedures before reweighing. The data of the weight loss were recorded and computations of the corrosion penetration rate using the formula; CPR=K∆W/ρA∆t were calculated. Plots of corrosion penetration rate against time, inhibition efficiency against concentration of extract and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were then plotted. The results obtained revealed that the corrosion rate profiles for passivating metals in which there is an initial sharp rise in corrosion rate, followed by a progressive decline as exposure time increased were observed. The inhibition efficiencies of the extract in the various media also showed significant increase in all the media. The Langmuir adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption of the molecules of the extract on the metal surface was uniformly distributed over the entire metal surface and also the adsorptive forces were strong enough to cause effective adhesion to prevent further corrosion attack. In conclusion, it was established that Zingiber officinale leaf extracts are good inhibitors of corrosion and that the inhibitive potency of the extract increases with increase in the concentrations of the extract and the corrosion media as exposure time increased, with the extract showing better inhibition characteristics in NaOH than H2SO4.
我们报告了在使用生姜提取物研究工程低碳钢在酸化和水解腐蚀介质中的腐蚀行为时使用失重技术的情况。圆柱形钢棒被切割成预定尺寸的腐蚀试样，直径为 15 毫米 x 10 毫米。然后对试样进行称重，再将试样原地悬浮在四个烧杯中，烧杯中分别装有 10 mL、15 mL 和 20 mL 的提取物，提取物的浓度分别为 0.5 M 和 1.0 M 的 H2SO4 和 NaOH。这些装置放置 28 天，每隔 7 天从每个烧杯中取出一个试样，按照标准程序处理后重新称重。记录重量损失数据，并使用公式计算腐蚀渗透率；CPR=KΔW/ρAΔt。然后绘制了腐蚀渗透率与时间的关系图、抑制效率与提取物浓度的关系图和朗缪尔吸附等温线图。结果表明，钝化金属的腐蚀速率曲线图显示，腐蚀速率最初急剧上升，随后随着暴露时间的增加而逐渐下降。提取物在各种介质中的抑制效率在所有介质中也都有显著提高。朗缪尔吸附等温线表明，金属表面对萃取物分子的吸附均匀地分布在整个金属表面上，而且吸附力足够强，能够产生有效的附着力，防止进一步的腐蚀侵蚀。总之，研究证实了细辛叶提取物是一种良好的腐蚀抑制剂，随着提取物浓度的增加和腐蚀介质暴露时间的延长，提取物的抑制效力也随之增加，在 NaOH 中的抑制特性优于 H2SO4。
{"title":"A Study of the Corrosion Behavior of Engineering Mild Steel in Acidified and Hydrolyzed Extracts of Zingiber Officinale (Ginger)","authors":"Nwangbo T. N, Idenyi N. E, Idu K. H","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.005","url":null,"abstract":"We report the use of weight loss technique in the study of the corrosion behaviour of engineering mild steel in acidified and hydrolysed corrosion media using Zingiber officinale (Ginger) extracts. Cylindrical steel rods were cut into corrosion coupons of predetermined dimensions of 15 mm by 10mm diameter. The coupons were then weighed before being suspended in situ in fours into beakers containing 10 mL, 15 mL and 20 mL of the extracts in 0.5 M and 1.0 M concentrations of H2SO4 and NaOH respectively. These setups were allowed to stand for a period of 28 days with a coupon withdrawn from each beaker after every 7 days, processed according to standard procedures before reweighing. The data of the weight loss were recorded and computations of the corrosion penetration rate using the formula; CPR=K∆W/ρA∆t were calculated. Plots of corrosion penetration rate against time, inhibition efficiency against concentration of extract and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were then plotted. The results obtained revealed that the corrosion rate profiles for passivating metals in which there is an initial sharp rise in corrosion rate, followed by a progressive decline as exposure time increased were observed. The inhibition efficiencies of the extract in the various media also showed significant increase in all the media. The Langmuir adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption of the molecules of the extract on the metal surface was uniformly distributed over the entire metal surface and also the adsorptive forces were strong enough to cause effective adhesion to prevent further corrosion attack. In conclusion, it was established that Zingiber officinale leaf extracts are good inhibitors of corrosion and that the inhibitive potency of the extract increases with increase in the concentrations of the extract and the corrosion media as exposure time increased, with the extract showing better inhibition characteristics in NaOH than H2SO4.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.004
Andreia Garcês, Isabel Pires
Erinaceus europaeus, commonly known as the Western European hedgehog, is a well-known and widespread mammal in Europe. These small spiny mammals are insectivores and play a significant role in controlling invertebrate populations. However, they face several threats, including habitat loss, road accidents, and encounters with certain chemicals, including rodenticides. Rodenticides are chemical agents used to kill rodents. These compounds are often designed to be attractive to rodents but can also be consumed by other animals, including hedgehogs, either directly or through the ingestion of poisoned prey. Unfortunately, secondary poisoning through the consumption of poisoned rodents is a significant risk for hedgehogs and other non-target species. The ingestion of rodenticides can lead to severe health issues and even death. This brief review aims to present the impact that rodenticides have on European hedgehogs (European Erinaceus, Linnaeus 1758).
{"title":"Hedgehogs under Pressure, the Role of Rodenticides on Their Decline","authors":"Andreia Garcês, Isabel Pires","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.004","url":null,"abstract":"Erinaceus europaeus, commonly known as the Western European hedgehog, is a well-known and widespread mammal in Europe. These small spiny mammals are insectivores and play a significant role in controlling invertebrate populations. However, they face several threats, including habitat loss, road accidents, and encounters with certain chemicals, including rodenticides. Rodenticides are chemical agents used to kill rodents. These compounds are often designed to be attractive to rodents but can also be consumed by other animals, including hedgehogs, either directly or through the ingestion of poisoned prey. Unfortunately, secondary poisoning through the consumption of poisoned rodents is a significant risk for hedgehogs and other non-target species. The ingestion of rodenticides can lead to severe health issues and even death. This brief review aims to present the impact that rodenticides have on European hedgehogs (European Erinaceus, Linnaeus 1758).","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.003
Maryam Babangida Sani, Hadiza Usman Muhammad, Maryam Abubakar, Y. Wada
African animal trypanosomiasis is one of the most important protozoal diseases affecting animal health and production. This study was conducted to assess the phytochemical composition of Phyllanthus amarus ethanol extract and to assess its safety and efficacy on Trypanosoma brucei-induced pathology in Wistar rats. The plant sample was obtained from around the residential area in Ahmadu Bello University, main campus, Zaria, Nigeria, and subjected to phytochemical screening following standard procedures. Sixteen Wistar rats were divided into five groups, each rat in the groups receiving 0.1 mL of 10⁶ T. brucei trypomastigotes. After three days of patency, rats in groups III to V were given different plant extract treatments for four days, while rats in groups I and II served as negative and positive controls. Following treatment, clinical parameters, parasitaemia, gross pathology and biochemical analysis were observed and recorded. The results showed that the ethanol extract contained primary constituents such as alkaloids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, triterpenes, anthraquinones, tannins, and steroids. The extract was found to be non-toxic and orally safe for Wistar rats. It showed moderate suppressive ability against parasitaemia, ameliorating fever, weight loss, and anaemia in Trypanosoma brucei-infected rats. It also demonstrated significant modulatory activity in reducing internal organ pathologies, liver enzyme pathology, and oxidative stress in the heart, kidney, and spleen. The study highlights the safety and efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus ethanol extract in managing African animal trypanosomiasis.
非洲动物锥虫病是影响动物健康和生产的最重要的原生动物疾病之一。本研究的目的是评估白千层叶乙醇提取物的植物化学成分，并评估其对布氏锥虫诱导的 Wistar 大鼠病理学的安全性和有效性。植物样本取自尼日利亚扎里亚的艾哈迈杜-贝洛大学主校区住宅区周围，并按照标准程序进行了植物化学筛选。16 只 Wistar 大鼠被分成 5 组，每组大鼠接受 0.1 mL 10⁶ T. brucei 试原体。三天后，第三组至第五组的大鼠接受为期四天的不同植物提取物处理，而第一组和第二组的大鼠则分别作为阴性和阳性对照。治疗后，观察并记录临床参数、寄生虫血症、大体病理和生化分析。结果表明，乙醇提取物含有生物碱、酚类、强心苷、皂苷、碳水化合物、三萜类、蒽醌类、单宁和类固醇等主要成分。该提取物对 Wistar 大鼠无毒，口服安全。它对寄生虫血症有一定的抑制能力，能改善布氏锥虫感染大鼠的发热、体重减轻和贫血。它还在减少内脏器官病变、肝酶病变以及心脏、肾脏和脾脏的氧化应激方面表现出明显的调节活性。该研究强调了黑叶李乙醇提取物在控制非洲动物锥虫病方面的安全性和有效性。
{"title":"Efficacy of the Whole Plant Ethanol Extract of Phyllanthus Amarus on Trypanosoma Brucei-Induced Pathology in Wistar Rat","authors":"Maryam Babangida Sani, Hadiza Usman Muhammad, Maryam Abubakar, Y. Wada","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.003","url":null,"abstract":"African animal trypanosomiasis is one of the most important protozoal diseases affecting animal health and production. This study was conducted to assess the phytochemical composition of Phyllanthus amarus ethanol extract and to assess its safety and efficacy on Trypanosoma brucei-induced pathology in Wistar rats. The plant sample was obtained from around the residential area in Ahmadu Bello University, main campus, Zaria, Nigeria, and subjected to phytochemical screening following standard procedures. Sixteen Wistar rats were divided into five groups, each rat in the groups receiving 0.1 mL of 10⁶ T. brucei trypomastigotes. After three days of patency, rats in groups III to V were given different plant extract treatments for four days, while rats in groups I and II served as negative and positive controls. Following treatment, clinical parameters, parasitaemia, gross pathology and biochemical analysis were observed and recorded. The results showed that the ethanol extract contained primary constituents such as alkaloids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, triterpenes, anthraquinones, tannins, and steroids. The extract was found to be non-toxic and orally safe for Wistar rats. It showed moderate suppressive ability against parasitaemia, ameliorating fever, weight loss, and anaemia in Trypanosoma brucei-infected rats. It also demonstrated significant modulatory activity in reducing internal organ pathologies, liver enzyme pathology, and oxidative stress in the heart, kidney, and spleen. The study highlights the safety and efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus ethanol extract in managing African animal trypanosomiasis.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139287561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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