Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.002
Yitagesu Tadesse Demissie, Asela Kesho Sako
The storage fungi damage the grains in several ways; they reduce the germination capacity, produce undesirable odor and kernel discoloration, decrease the food value, and also produce toxins that are injurious to the health of consumers. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the presence, and determine the identity, and incidences of major fungal pathogens associated with crop seeds. Totally fifty-eight seed samples of nine crops were used to investigate the presence and incidence of fungi associated with them in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. Results of the study revealed that a total of 9 fungi belonging to 8 genera viz. Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Bipolaris sp., Botrytis sp., Alternaria sp., Ascochyta sp., Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizopus sp. were isolated from samples. The infection percentage varied from 0-100% in samples of seed multiplication store. Most varieties of crops showed 100% infection followed by 97.5% (HB1307 of barley and Alidoro of wheat), 95% (Kingbird of wheat and RIB13/14 of nug), 90% (Kuncho of teff), 50% (Holetta-1 11/12 of gomenzer), 20% (Ginchi-1 11/12 of nug and Yellow Dodola15/16 of gomenzer), 10% (Shambu 17/18 of oat), and 5% (Shambu 11/12 of oat, S-67 17/18 of gomenzer and Fogera 10/11 of nug) except linseed samples 0%. In general, seed-borne fungi were present in most seed samples of cereals, oils, and legume crops. Some of the identified fungi are potential producers of mycotoxins, thus their presence is important in terms of reduced food safety for humans and animals. In addition, some seed-borne fungi were also the causal agents of diseases of the roots, stems, and leaves of crops. Fungal incidence of seed was highly associated with storage conditions of the independent variables, such as temperature and relative humidity of storage. So, it is suggested that the management of fungal growth, mycotoxin production, and fungal contamination incidence of seed should be investigated and confirmed with additional studies.
{"title":"Investigation of Major Storage Fungal Pathogens Associated with Seeds of Some Crops","authors":"Yitagesu Tadesse Demissie, Asela Kesho Sako","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.002","url":null,"abstract":"The storage fungi damage the grains in several ways; they reduce the germination capacity, produce undesirable odor and kernel discoloration, decrease the food value, and also produce toxins that are injurious to the health of consumers. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the presence, and determine the identity, and incidences of major fungal pathogens associated with crop seeds. Totally fifty-eight seed samples of nine crops were used to investigate the presence and incidence of fungi associated with them in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. Results of the study revealed that a total of 9 fungi belonging to 8 genera viz. Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Bipolaris sp., Botrytis sp., Alternaria sp., Ascochyta sp., Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizopus sp. were isolated from samples. The infection percentage varied from 0-100% in samples of seed multiplication store. Most varieties of crops showed 100% infection followed by 97.5% (HB1307 of barley and Alidoro of wheat), 95% (Kingbird of wheat and RIB13/14 of nug), 90% (Kuncho of teff), 50% (Holetta-1 11/12 of gomenzer), 20% (Ginchi-1 11/12 of nug and Yellow Dodola15/16 of gomenzer), 10% (Shambu 17/18 of oat), and 5% (Shambu 11/12 of oat, S-67 17/18 of gomenzer and Fogera 10/11 of nug) except linseed samples 0%. In general, seed-borne fungi were present in most seed samples of cereals, oils, and legume crops. Some of the identified fungi are potential producers of mycotoxins, thus their presence is important in terms of reduced food safety for humans and animals. In addition, some seed-borne fungi were also the causal agents of diseases of the roots, stems, and leaves of crops. Fungal incidence of seed was highly associated with storage conditions of the independent variables, such as temperature and relative humidity of storage. So, it is suggested that the management of fungal growth, mycotoxin production, and fungal contamination incidence of seed should be investigated and confirmed with additional studies.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139285957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ever rising prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases a major challenge for the health sector in Bangladesh. Gaibandha district under Rangpur division aggregate population is 23, 79, 255 of which males are 11, 69,127 and females are 12, 10,128 [2]. Among population aged 7 years and over, the literacy rate of this district is 42.8% (Both male and female) in which male 46.3% and female 39.5% [8]. There is a general hospital and six government hospitals and 54 family welfare centers, six Upazila health complex, one maternity and childcare centered tuberculosis clinic in Gaibandha. A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 200 urban and rural people in Gaibandha district within seven Upazila to determine the disease rate and tendency of taking treatment. At offline data were collected face-to-face interview of the selected respondents and also collected by online creating Google form. Almost all respondents gave history of illness of his/her family members during the preceding last six months. Various ages give different level of diseases with significant positive attitude except exorcism and magic treatment. The day-labors remain in risk zone with multi- disciplinary occupational diseases. Asthma is the leading occupational disease. High treatment seeking behavior in businessman is about 6.50% with complementary and traditional treatment. Another leading disease is gastrointestinal disease 8.5%. Sanitation is a big issue about 61.1% where government should give more concentration to improve this worst condition [1]. However, in this study the result found was elaborated throughout the study.
{"title":"A Survey Study on Disease Rate and Tendency of Taking Treatment of Urban and Rural People in Gaibandha District, Bangladesh","authors":"Majedul Hoque, Ahamadunnabi Mondol, Mohammad Sabbir Hossain, Arafath Jubayer, Md Mahabur Rahman, Md Nahid Hasan, Md Aktaruzzaman Md Aktaruzzaman, Kazi Emon","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Ever rising prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases a major challenge for the health sector in Bangladesh. Gaibandha district under Rangpur division aggregate population is 23, 79, 255 of which males are 11, 69,127 and females are 12, 10,128 [2]. Among population aged 7 years and over, the literacy rate of this district is 42.8% (Both male and female) in which male 46.3% and female 39.5% [8]. There is a general hospital and six government hospitals and 54 family welfare centers, six Upazila health complex, one maternity and childcare centered tuberculosis clinic in Gaibandha. A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 200 urban and rural people in Gaibandha district within seven Upazila to determine the disease rate and tendency of taking treatment. At offline data were collected face-to-face interview of the selected respondents and also collected by online creating Google form. Almost all respondents gave history of illness of his/her family members during the preceding last six months. Various ages give different level of diseases with significant positive attitude except exorcism and magic treatment. The day-labors remain in risk zone with multi- disciplinary occupational diseases. Asthma is the leading occupational disease. High treatment seeking behavior in businessman is about 6.50% with complementary and traditional treatment. Another leading disease is gastrointestinal disease 8.5%. Sanitation is a big issue about 61.1% where government should give more concentration to improve this worst condition [1]. However, in this study the result found was elaborated throughout the study.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"107 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135670284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i02.001
Iftear Kazim Rafi, Annesha Sanyal, Majedul Hoque
Background: The physical demands of labor, such as those performed by rickshaw puller, have a significant influence on food intake. It is hoped that the findings of this study may be utilized as a consideration to maintain the health of rickshaw puller so that they are kept in excellent physical condition. Eating bananas can enhance energy. The study's objective was to find out how well bananas affected cholesterol, liver, and blood pressure functions. Method: Samples for this experimental investigation were gathered from the entire population of 40 people. Before and after eating bananas, their' blood pressure, liver function, and lipid function were measured. In this study, a paired t test was used to analyze the data. Findings: According to the data analysis, there was no discernible variation in the rickshaw pullers' blood pressure and liver function readings before and after consuming bananas (p>0.05). The findings revealed that there was significant discrepancy in the workers' measurements of lipid function before and after consuming bananas (p˂0.05).
{"title":"The Impact of Banana Consumption on Bangladeshi Rickshaw Pullers' Assessing Cholesterol, Liver and Blood Pressure Functions","authors":"Iftear Kazim Rafi, Annesha Sanyal, Majedul Hoque","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The physical demands of labor, such as those performed by rickshaw puller, have a significant influence on food intake. It is hoped that the findings of this study may be utilized as a consideration to maintain the health of rickshaw puller so that they are kept in excellent physical condition. Eating bananas can enhance energy. The study's objective was to find out how well bananas affected cholesterol, liver, and blood pressure functions. Method: Samples for this experimental investigation were gathered from the entire population of 40 people. Before and after eating bananas, their' blood pressure, liver function, and lipid function were measured. In this study, a paired t test was used to analyze the data. Findings: According to the data analysis, there was no discernible variation in the rickshaw pullers' blood pressure and liver function readings before and after consuming bananas (p>0.05). The findings revealed that there was significant discrepancy in the workers' measurements of lipid function before and after consuming bananas (p˂0.05).","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136058155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i01.003
Asela Kesho, Yitagesu Tadesse
Tomato is an important vegetable crop grown around the world. Tomato is the most widely cultivated and lucrative vegetable in Ethiopia in particular and in the world in general. It is well known that disease late blight affects tomato crop production and late blight is one of the most devastating diseases of tomatoes worldwide and causes significant loss in production. The objective of this study is to update fruit yield loss assessment data for tomato late blight disease. In this study, 3 treatments were used in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) results for AUDPC and total fruit yield shows significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments. As compared to the unsprayed (control) plot both fungicides significantly controlled the disease at both early and late stage of the crop. The lowest AUDPC (560) was recorded on fungicide Fahem-Gold 72% WP sprayed treatment followed by Mancozeb (752.5). The control treatment (water sprayed) had the highest AUDPC (1592.5). The highest mean fruit yield (16.5 t ha-1) was obtained from fungicide Fahem-Gold 72% WP followed by the standard fungicide (Mancozeb) which gave (8.98 t ha -1) whereas the control treatment gave 4.67 t ha -1. The highest levels of yield loss 71.7% occurred in the unsprayed plots of variety Gulelema as compared to the best protected plot sprayed with Fahem fungicide. Generally, disease and yield parameters indicate that among the two fungicides spray; Fahem was the most effective followed by Mancozeb sprayed plot as compared to unsprayed plots.
番茄是世界上一种重要的蔬菜作物。番茄是埃塞俄比亚乃至全世界种植最广泛、利润最丰厚的蔬菜。众所周知，晚疫病影响番茄作物生产，是世界范围内番茄最具破坏性的病害之一，对番茄生产造成重大损失。本研究的目的是更新番茄晚疫病的果实产量损失评估数据。本研究采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)， 3个处理，3个重复。综合方差分析(ANOVA)结果显示，处理间AUDPC和总产量差异显著(P<0.05)。与未喷施(对照)药剂相比，两种杀菌剂在作物早期和后期都能显著控制病害。杀菌剂Fahem-Gold 72% WP喷施处理的AUDPC最低(560)，其次是代森锰锌(752.5)。对照处理(喷水处理)AUDPC最高，为1592.5。杀菌剂Fahem-Gold 72% WP的平均果实产量最高(16.5 t ha-1)，其次是标准杀菌剂Mancozeb (8.98 t ha-1)，而对照处理的平均果实产量为4.67 t ha-1。与施用Fahem杀菌剂的最佳保护地相比，未施用药剂的古勒马产量损失最高，达71.7%。一般情况下，病害和产量参数表明两种杀菌剂喷施效果较好;喷施法亨的效果最好，其次是喷施代森锰锌的小区，与未喷施的小区相比。
{"title":"Fruit Yield Loss Assessment of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) due to Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) Disease in Central Parts of Ethiopia","authors":"Asela Kesho, Yitagesu Tadesse","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato is an important vegetable crop grown around the world. Tomato is the most widely cultivated and lucrative vegetable in Ethiopia in particular and in the world in general. It is well known that disease late blight affects tomato crop production and late blight is one of the most devastating diseases of tomatoes worldwide and causes significant loss in production. The objective of this study is to update fruit yield loss assessment data for tomato late blight disease. In this study, 3 treatments were used in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) results for AUDPC and total fruit yield shows significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments. As compared to the unsprayed (control) plot both fungicides significantly controlled the disease at both early and late stage of the crop. The lowest AUDPC (560) was recorded on fungicide Fahem-Gold 72% WP sprayed treatment followed by Mancozeb (752.5). The control treatment (water sprayed) had the highest AUDPC (1592.5). The highest mean fruit yield (16.5 t ha-1) was obtained from fungicide Fahem-Gold 72% WP followed by the standard fungicide (Mancozeb) which gave (8.98 t ha -1) whereas the control treatment gave 4.67 t ha -1. The highest levels of yield loss 71.7% occurred in the unsprayed plots of variety Gulelema as compared to the best protected plot sprayed with Fahem fungicide. Generally, disease and yield parameters indicate that among the two fungicides spray; Fahem was the most effective followed by Mancozeb sprayed plot as compared to unsprayed plots.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123194870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i01.002
S. Sinha, Deepti Saxena, Kavita Goyal, Adesh Kumar, L. Sahoo
Tramadol is placed under Drug Controlled Substance Act, in India since 2018, owing to its extensive abuse as a narcotic substance recently. Subsequently, there is increased illegal trafficking across our nation for the drug tramadol. Forensic Science Laboratory, Delhi receives confiscated drugs and toxicological samples for chemical analysis to evaluate their precise composition enabling regulations from law enforcement agencies. Although considered a safe drug for its anti-inflammatory properties when used under medical guidance nevertheless, unintentional fatal tramadol intoxication due to its action on opioid receptors has been reported in several autopsy cases. Contraband tramadol is presently being examined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrumental techniques in routine forensic examination. In the proposed study, an advanced sensitive technique Gas Chromatography Infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR) was explored as an alternative tool for rapid identification and confirmation. Standard Tramadol was used for method establishment and the method was subsequently applied to seized drug samples and Biological Fluids (blood, and urine samples). Findings of the study indicate that this method can be successfully applied to seized drugs and biological toxicological samples in the forensic examination for the drug Tramadol which was successfully detected by GC-IR. This new rapid analytical method will prove beneficial for the forensic community during routine examination of forensic samples with confirmation.
{"title":"GC-IR technique a rapid tool for detection of Tramadol in Forensic Confiscated Drugs and Biological Fluids","authors":"S. Sinha, Deepti Saxena, Kavita Goyal, Adesh Kumar, L. Sahoo","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Tramadol is placed under Drug Controlled Substance Act, in India since 2018, owing to its extensive abuse as a narcotic substance recently. Subsequently, there is increased illegal trafficking across our nation for the drug tramadol. Forensic Science Laboratory, Delhi receives confiscated drugs and toxicological samples for chemical analysis to evaluate their precise composition enabling regulations from law enforcement agencies. Although considered a safe drug for its anti-inflammatory properties when used under medical guidance nevertheless, unintentional fatal tramadol intoxication due to its action on opioid receptors has been reported in several autopsy cases. Contraband tramadol is presently being examined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrumental techniques in routine forensic examination. In the proposed study, an advanced sensitive technique Gas Chromatography Infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR) was explored as an alternative tool for rapid identification and confirmation. Standard Tramadol was used for method establishment and the method was subsequently applied to seized drug samples and Biological Fluids (blood, and urine samples). Findings of the study indicate that this method can be successfully applied to seized drugs and biological toxicological samples in the forensic examination for the drug Tramadol which was successfully detected by GC-IR. This new rapid analytical method will prove beneficial for the forensic community during routine examination of forensic samples with confirmation.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125595206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i01.001
Adria Gabriely Feio Barbosa, Renato Souza de Miranda, Josué de Lima Carvalho, R. Nunes, Ynis Cristine de Santana Martins Lino Ferreira, Mario Vasconcellos Sobrinho
Açai is one of the most consumed foods by the population of Pará, but it generates waste that is not disposed of correctly, which may lead to some socio-environmental impacts. The aim of the present study was to verify the purchase intention of açai seed products by the academic community residing in the metropolitan region of Belém. The research was carried out from May to July 2021 through an electronic form available on the Google Forms platform where the Likert scale was used in the responses, bringing a qualitative and quantitative aspect that presents the following steps: bibliographical research, application of essays and treatment of data using Microsoft Excel ® as a tool for descriptive analysis. The female gender was the respondents in most of the ears. In general, most testimonial participants fully agreed that they perceived the irregular disposal of açai seeds as a deposit on the streets. In the perception of the participants, the main social environments caused by the açai seed are visual smoke, the excess of the seed in rainy seasons and the smoke from watercourses. It is concluded that there was a broad and generalized understanding on the part of the academic community about the situation of the inappropriate disposal of açai seeds, the suggested products made from the stone and açai are accepted by the female and male community of the city of Belém
{"title":"Acceptance of Products Derivatives Açai Kernels by the Metropolitan Region of Belém- Pa for Academic Community","authors":"Adria Gabriely Feio Barbosa, Renato Souza de Miranda, Josué de Lima Carvalho, R. Nunes, Ynis Cristine de Santana Martins Lino Ferreira, Mario Vasconcellos Sobrinho","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2023.v03i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Açai is one of the most consumed foods by the population of Pará, but it generates waste that is not disposed of correctly, which may lead to some socio-environmental impacts. The aim of the present study was to verify the purchase intention of açai seed products by the academic community residing in the metropolitan region of Belém. The research was carried out from May to July 2021 through an electronic form available on the Google Forms platform where the Likert scale was used in the responses, bringing a qualitative and quantitative aspect that presents the following steps: bibliographical research, application of essays and treatment of data using Microsoft Excel ® as a tool for descriptive analysis. The female gender was the respondents in most of the ears. In general, most testimonial participants fully agreed that they perceived the irregular disposal of açai seeds as a deposit on the streets. In the perception of the participants, the main social environments caused by the açai seed are visual smoke, the excess of the seed in rainy seasons and the smoke from watercourses. It is concluded that there was a broad and generalized understanding on the part of the academic community about the situation of the inappropriate disposal of açai seeds, the suggested products made from the stone and açai are accepted by the female and male community of the city of Belém","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127727705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.004
Osama H. Aldeeb, Eman G. A. Allafi, Nosiba E. Bohtera, F. Khaled
Abstract: Garlic contains more than 200 chemicals. It contains sulfur compounds (allicin, alliin and agoene), unstable oils, proteins (allinase, peroxidase and miracynase), carbohydrates (sucrose and glucose), and minerals (selenium). It too contains amino acids (cysteine, glutamine, isoleucine and methionine), which offer assistance to ensure cells from the hurts of free radicals, bioflavonoids (quercetin and cyanidin, allistatin I and allistatin II and vitamins C, E and A), which offer assistance to secure us from oxidation operators and free radicals. Comes about demonstrated that treatment with garlic caused critical (P<0.05) increment in body weight (BW) and relative weight of, brine, testicles, testosterone, T3 and T4. Whereas, diminish the levels of FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone in plasma compared to control creatures.
{"title":"The Chemistry Effects of Garlic on Hormones in Male Rabbits","authors":"Osama H. Aldeeb, Eman G. A. Allafi, Nosiba E. Bohtera, F. Khaled","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Garlic contains more than 200 chemicals. It contains sulfur compounds (allicin, alliin and agoene), unstable oils, proteins (allinase, peroxidase and miracynase), carbohydrates (sucrose and glucose), and minerals (selenium). It too contains amino acids (cysteine, glutamine, isoleucine and methionine), which offer assistance to ensure cells from the hurts of free radicals, bioflavonoids (quercetin and cyanidin, allistatin I and allistatin II and vitamins C, E and A), which offer assistance to secure us from oxidation operators and free radicals. Comes about demonstrated that treatment with garlic caused critical (P<0.05) increment in body weight (BW) and relative weight of, brine, testicles, testosterone, T3 and T4. Whereas, diminish the levels of FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone in plasma compared to control creatures.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129703182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.002
I. Mohamed
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of different concentrations of cyclophosphamide (CTX) by inducing leukopenia. Adult female Swiss albino mice weighting (20±4g) arranged in three groups of six animals each housed. A control mice saline PBS solution (group I), mice treated with 200 mg/Kg (4mg/mouse) cyclophosphamide, High dose (group II) and mice treated with treated 100 mg/kg (2mg/mouse) body weight Low dose (group III) for three weeks. Cyclophosphamide causes a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in total leukocyte count (TLC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), and red blood cell distribution (RDW) in all groups compared to the control group of mice. Observed leukopenia inform marked reduced in the absolute numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils in comparison to the control group of mice. The results indicate that cyclophosphamide alters the blood profile only after high doses while low doses had the least impact on blood pictures. Cyclophosphamide causes a significant increased (P < 0.01) in activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum after CTX treatment with no effect on the serum albumin level compared to the control group. While lower doses had less effect on liver enzymes.
{"title":"Study of Leukopenia Induced by a High Dose of Cyclophosphamide in Mice","authors":"I. Mohamed","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of different concentrations of cyclophosphamide (CTX) by inducing leukopenia. Adult female Swiss albino mice weighting (20±4g) arranged in three groups of six animals each housed. A control mice saline PBS solution (group I), mice treated with 200 mg/Kg (4mg/mouse) cyclophosphamide, High dose (group II) and mice treated with treated 100 mg/kg (2mg/mouse) body weight Low dose (group III) for three weeks. Cyclophosphamide causes a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in total leukocyte count (TLC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), and red blood cell distribution (RDW) in all groups compared to the control group of mice. Observed leukopenia inform marked reduced in the absolute numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils in comparison to the control group of mice. The results indicate that cyclophosphamide alters the blood profile only after high doses while low doses had the least impact on blood pictures. Cyclophosphamide causes a significant increased (P < 0.01) in activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum after CTX treatment with no effect on the serum albumin level compared to the control group. While lower doses had less effect on liver enzymes.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122249247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.003
Siraj Shekmohammed
Abstract: Agroforestry systems are believed to provide several ecosystem services; however, until recently evidence in the agroforestry literature supporting these perceived benefits has been lacking. This paper aimed to provide empirical information on the role of agroforestry in ecosystem maintenance and climate change adaptation and mitigation provided by agroforestry. Agroforestry has played a greater role in the maintenance of the ecosystem and mitigation of CO2 than monocropping and open cereal-based agriculture but less than natural forest. The three components of agroforestry are important for biodiversity conservation, CO2 sequestration, and climate change adaptation. CO2 sequestration through above and ground biomass, offsetting CO2 emission from deforestation and microclimate modification are major climate change mitigation effects. Provision of numerous ecosystem services such as food, fodder, and fuel wood, income source, and enhancing soil productivity help the community to sustain changing climate effects. Hence, considerable attention needs to be given to agroforestry to contribute considerable benefit to the maintenance of the ecosystem, and climate change mitigation and adaptation next to a forest.
{"title":"The Role of Agroforestry in Ecosystem Service and Climate Change Regulation: A Review","authors":"Siraj Shekmohammed","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Agroforestry systems are believed to provide several ecosystem services; however, until recently evidence in the agroforestry literature supporting these perceived benefits has been lacking. This paper aimed to provide empirical information on the role of agroforestry in ecosystem maintenance and climate change adaptation and mitigation provided by agroforestry. Agroforestry has played a greater role in the maintenance of the ecosystem and mitigation of CO2 than monocropping and open cereal-based agriculture but less than natural forest. The three components of agroforestry are important for biodiversity conservation, CO2 sequestration, and climate change adaptation. CO2 sequestration through above and ground biomass, offsetting CO2 emission from deforestation and microclimate modification are major climate change mitigation effects. Provision of numerous ecosystem services such as food, fodder, and fuel wood, income source, and enhancing soil productivity help the community to sustain changing climate effects. Hence, considerable attention needs to be given to agroforestry to contribute considerable benefit to the maintenance of the ecosystem, and climate change mitigation and adaptation next to a forest.","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134085722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.001
O. F, S. Mohapatra
Abstract: This study investigates the quantity and variety of big animals as a tool for sustainable tourism: a case study of the Idanre Forest Reserve in southern Nigeria. The goal of this study was to examine the distribution and abundance of big mammals in the Idanre forest reserve in order to build a management plan for sustainable ecotourism and to offer information on the sighting rate of these species in the study area. The line transect approach was employed to collect data on the variety and abundance of animals in the study region. A total of 40 transect lines of 1000 m were randomly set, and each transect was broken into 200 m parts. Each compartment received 20 transects at random. In all, 40 transect lines were randomly put in the reserve's two divisions, and the forest reserve was separated into compartments for the purposes of this research study. The GPS 2011 Utility software was used to determine the starting and finishing sites of transects. Transect lines were walked three times per week for three months throughout both seasons (May, July, and September for the rainy season and November, January, and March for the dry season). The findings indicated that seventeen (17)'mammals were counted in the research region. The White-throated Monkey has the greatest proportion of frequency of observation (19%), followed by the Mona Monkey (13%). The African Tree Pangolin has the lowest percentage frequency of observation. Within the research region, opportunistic sightings of Chimpanzee, Forest Elephant, Forest Buffalo, and Bushbaby have occurred. According to the Simpson diversity, it was greater in the dry season (0.9101) than in the rainy season (0.9066).
{"title":"Large Mammals Abundance and Diversity a Tool for Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study of Idanre Forest Reserve Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"O. F, S. Mohapatra","doi":"10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjbs.2021.v01i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This study investigates the quantity and variety of big animals as a tool for sustainable tourism: a case study of the Idanre Forest Reserve in southern Nigeria. The goal of this study was to examine the distribution and abundance of big mammals in the Idanre forest reserve in order to build a management plan for sustainable ecotourism and to offer information on the sighting rate of these species in the study area. The line transect approach was employed to collect data on the variety and abundance of animals in the study region. A total of 40 transect lines of 1000 m were randomly set, and each transect was broken into 200 m parts. Each compartment received 20 transects at random. In all, 40 transect lines were randomly put in the reserve's two divisions, and the forest reserve was separated into compartments for the purposes of this research study. The GPS 2011 Utility software was used to determine the starting and finishing sites of transects. Transect lines were walked three times per week for three months throughout both seasons (May, July, and September for the rainy season and November, January, and March for the dry season). The findings indicated that seventeen (17)'mammals were counted in the research region. The White-throated Monkey has the greatest proportion of frequency of observation (19%), followed by the Mona Monkey (13%). The African Tree Pangolin has the lowest percentage frequency of observation. Within the research region, opportunistic sightings of Chimpanzee, Forest Elephant, Forest Buffalo, and Bushbaby have occurred. According to the Simpson diversity, it was greater in the dry season (0.9101) than in the rainy season (0.9066).","PeriodicalId":366308,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132067130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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