Within the research of the most important early medieval centers in Polish territory, the study of the strongholds themselves and of their background is centrally important. In the case of Wrocław, such analyses have been undertaken several times, but in view of the enormous increase in the sources obtained in the course of wide-ranging rescue research, it worth taking a look at this problem again. The aim of this article is to capture the dynamics of settlement changes in the early Middle Ages in the area of today’s city of Wroclaw and its closest surroundings. In order for this study to be credible, all possible data was used (AZP – Archaeological Photo of Poland, available publications, materials collected in museums, unpublished reports from research) in order to recreate the image of the settlement of this period. The result is a new look at the development of settlement in the vicinity of a large center, like Wroclaw, and an attempt to capture the factors determining these transformations.
{"title":"Przemiany osadnicze na terenie Wrocławia i jego przedpola we wczesnym średniowieczu","authors":"Aleksandra Pankiewicz, S. Rodak","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.2556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.2556","url":null,"abstract":"Within the research of the most important early medieval centers in Polish territory, the study of the strongholds themselves and of their background is centrally important. In the case of Wrocław, such analyses have been undertaken several times, but in view of the enormous increase in the sources obtained in the course of wide-ranging rescue research, it worth taking a look at this problem again. The aim of this article is to capture the dynamics of settlement changes in the early Middle Ages in the area of today’s city of Wroclaw and its closest surroundings. In order for this study to be credible, all possible data was used (AZP – Archaeological Photo of Poland, available publications, materials collected in museums, unpublished reports from research) in order to recreate the image of the settlement of this period. The result is a new look at the development of settlement in the vicinity of a large center, like Wroclaw, and an attempt to capture the factors determining these transformations.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2011, Przegląd Archeologiczny published an article by Andrzej Prinke discussing the wartime fate of Kazimierz Gelinek, the pre-war curator of the Masovian Museum in Płock, who was sent to the Nazi concentration camp in Gusen, but saved his life thanks to the archaeological research being conducted there by the SS. This interesting story was presented by the author as Gelinek’s research activity. However, he did not take into account the fact that Kazimierz Gelinek was primarily a forced labourer from the beginning to the end of his stay in the camp, whose combination of favorable circumstances made it possible to prepare an amateur study of archaeological excavations conducted in the area of the camp.
{"title":"Czy można mówić o działalności badawczej w warunkach nazistowskiego obozu koncentracyjnego? Uwagi na marginesie artykułu Andrzeja Prinkego","authors":"A. Leligdowicz","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.2743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.2743","url":null,"abstract":"In 2011, Przegląd Archeologiczny published an article by Andrzej Prinke discussing the wartime fate of Kazimierz Gelinek, the pre-war curator of the Masovian Museum in Płock, who was sent to the Nazi concentration camp in Gusen, but saved his life thanks to the archaeological research being conducted there by the SS. This interesting story was presented by the author as Gelinek’s research activity. However, he did not take into account the fact that Kazimierz Gelinek was primarily a forced labourer from the beginning to the end of his stay in the camp, whose combination of favorable circumstances made it possible to prepare an amateur study of archaeological excavations conducted in the area of the camp.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the history of the discovery of and research into medieval monuments of sacred architectureand their complexes from the princely Halych and Volhynian territory, carried out during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It reflects the circumstances and conditions for researching the territory, which, due to historical events, were part of different empires (namely, the Russian and Habsburg). It is noted which scientists and institutions were engaged in the study of antiquities and under whose control such study took place. The article presents the main results of archaeological and architectural studies of sacred architecture, the complex of remains of wooden and brick temples held in Volhynia and Podillia, namely in Lutsk, Volodymyr and the surrounding area, Bakota on the Dniester, as well as in Eastern Galicia and Bukovyna, namely Halych and its environs, and Vasyliv. In this context, the discovery of burials within or outside churches and in church cemeteries was noted. Emphasis was made on the discoveries of the remains of the princes in the Assumption Cathedral in Volodymyr.
{"title":"Medieval sacred monuments on the territory of Halych - Volynian Rus’: the history of research in the 19th and early 20th centuries","authors":"I. Lutsyk, N. Bulyk","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.2865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.2865","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the history of the discovery of and research into medieval monuments of sacred architectureand their complexes from the princely Halych and Volhynian territory, carried out during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It reflects the circumstances and conditions for researching the territory, which, due to historical events, were part of different empires (namely, the Russian and Habsburg). It is noted which scientists and institutions were engaged in the study of antiquities and under whose control such study took place. The article presents the main results of archaeological and architectural studies of sacred architecture, the complex of remains of wooden and brick temples held in Volhynia and Podillia, namely in Lutsk, Volodymyr and the surrounding area, Bakota on the Dniester, as well as in Eastern Galicia and Bukovyna, namely Halych and its environs, and Vasyliv. In this context, the discovery of burials within or outside churches and in church cemeteries was noted. Emphasis was made on the discoveries of the remains of the princes in the Assumption Cathedral in Volodymyr.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Actor-Network Theory and the related ontological turn is one of the most important paradigmatic changes in contemporary social sciences. In Polish archaeological discourse Actor-Network Theory is not widely discussed. The paper presents the basic assumptions of the theory focusing on its potential for the conceptualization of archaeological sources and the relationship between humans and the environment.
{"title":"Zaproszenie do teorii aktora-sieci – ontologia relacyjna a archeologia","authors":"Jakub Mugaj","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.2694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.2694","url":null,"abstract":"Actor-Network Theory and the related ontological turn is one of the most important paradigmatic changes in contemporary social sciences. In Polish archaeological discourse Actor-Network Theory is not widely discussed. The paper presents the basic assumptions of the theory focusing on its potential for the conceptualization of archaeological sources and the relationship between humans and the environment.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47715196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses the state of knowledge and the significance of a special group of early medieval material culture artefacts – namely, spindle whorls made of Ovruch pyrophyllite slate originating from the territory of present-day Ukraine. Thousands of these artefacts, interesting not only for their specific, usually reddish color, but also for their professional standardized design, were made between the 10th and 13th c. Their occurrence in the Czech lands is very limited, however: only 13 specimens are presently known. In Bohemia, they have been discovered only in Prague, which was their target destination. In Moravia and Czech Silesia, they are known from five sites: with a single exception (a cemetery), they are important supra-regional and local fortified centers. Non-destructive analyses carried out have shown that all detected spindle whorls can be considered originals. An analysis of the archaeological contexts showed that the earliest occurrence of these imports can be dated as far back as the second half of the 10th century. However, most of them probably belong to the 11th century, and some, exceptionally, even to the 12th century. Given their low number, we assume that this most probably was not a regular item in long-distance trade.
{"title":"Ovruch slate spindle whorls in the Czech Lands","authors":"P. Kouřil, A. Přichystal","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.3000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.3000","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the state of knowledge and the significance of a special group of early medieval material culture artefacts – namely, spindle whorls made of Ovruch pyrophyllite slate originating from the territory of present-day Ukraine. Thousands of these artefacts, interesting not only for their specific, usually reddish color, but also for their professional standardized design, were made between the 10th and 13th c. Their occurrence in the Czech lands is very limited, however: only 13 specimens are presently known. In Bohemia, they have been discovered only in Prague, which was their target destination. In Moravia and Czech Silesia, they are known from five sites: with a single exception (a cemetery), they are important supra-regional and local fortified centers. Non-destructive analyses carried out have shown that all detected spindle whorls can be considered originals. An analysis of the archaeological contexts showed that the earliest occurrence of these imports can be dated as far back as the second half of the 10th century. However, most of them probably belong to the 11th century, and some, exceptionally, even to the 12th century. Given their low number, we assume that this most probably was not a regular item in long-distance trade.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the results of research on the settlement of the Pyrzyce Lowland, NW Poland, in the Pre Roman and Roman Iron Ages. The central part of this area was covered in the past by a large water body, pre-Miedwie lake, which due to natural processes and subsequent human intervention was partially drained. In order to carry out the research, 85 Pre-Roman and 305 Roman Iron Age sites were catalogued. The main method of researching the spatial organization was triangulation and subsequent polygon networking. The results of the spatial analysis were confronted with data from lake Racze’s palynological profile. Thanks to this procedure information was obtained on settlement structures, population, environment and economy, as well as their changes in time. The similarities and differences between the Pre-Roman and Roman Iron Ages were then discussed. During the research a strong suggestion of settlements having been relocated according to changes of the palaeo-shoreline of pre-Miedwie lake was concluded. Also, the change from inhabiting large and stable settlements in PRIA to single, often relocating farms in RIA was registered. There were no significant changesin terms of economy, which stayed diversified during the entire PRIA and RIA periods. The changes in anthropopression were most likely linked with changes in population size, reflecting 8 distinct phases of settlement in the area.
{"title":"The Settlement and Economy of the Pyrzyce Lowland in the Pre-Roman and Roman Iron Ages","authors":"Marta Chmiel-Chrzanowska, M. Adamczyk","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.2613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.2613","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research on the settlement of the Pyrzyce Lowland, NW Poland, in the Pre Roman and Roman Iron Ages. The central part of this area was covered in the past by a large water body, pre-Miedwie lake, which due to natural processes and subsequent human intervention was partially drained. In order to carry out the research, 85 Pre-Roman and 305 Roman Iron Age sites were catalogued. The main method of researching the spatial organization was triangulation and subsequent polygon networking. The results of the spatial analysis were confronted with data from lake Racze’s palynological profile. Thanks to this procedure information was obtained on settlement structures, population, environment and economy, as well as their changes in time. The similarities and differences between the Pre-Roman and Roman Iron Ages were then discussed. During the research a strong suggestion of settlements having been relocated according to changes of the palaeo-shoreline of pre-Miedwie lake was concluded. Also, the change from inhabiting large and stable settlements in PRIA to single, often relocating farms in RIA was registered. There were no significant changesin terms of economy, which stayed diversified during the entire PRIA and RIA periods. The changes in anthropopression were most likely linked with changes in population size, reflecting 8 distinct phases of settlement in the area.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49193819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes an unusual, though accidental discovery of a strap-end fitting in the village of Siemkowice in Pajęczno county, Poland. Along with a detailed description of the object, the authors attempt to perform its typological classification and try to determine the decorative style of the analyzed artefact. Another vital research objective is to establish both the chronology and the origin of the belt set element. The discovery of the undoubtedly unique strap-end fitting raises a number of new questions about long-distance contacts during the Migration Period on the territory of modern Poland. The element of the strap-end fitting from Siemkowice is an invaluable contribution to the research on its historical period. The typological classification of the artefact and its ornament indicate phases D1-D2. However, the lack of any context of the finding makes it impossible to date its origin precisely.
{"title":"Okucie końca pasa w formie dysku z Siemkowic w powiecie pajęczańskim. Analiza – interpretacja - rekonstrukcja procesu zdobienia","authors":"Irena Podolska-Rutkowska, W. Rutkowski","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.2910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.2910","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an unusual, though accidental discovery of a strap-end fitting in the village of Siemkowice in Pajęczno county, Poland. Along with a detailed description of the object, the authors attempt to perform its typological classification and try to determine the decorative style of the analyzed artefact. Another vital research objective is to establish both the chronology and the origin of the belt set element. The discovery of the undoubtedly unique strap-end fitting raises a number of new questions about long-distance contacts during the Migration Period on the territory of modern Poland. The element of the strap-end fitting from Siemkowice is an invaluable contribution to the research on its historical period. The typological classification of the artefact and its ornament indicate phases D1-D2. However, the lack of any context of the finding makes it impossible to date its origin precisely.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"„Religia i wierzenia społeczeństw pradziejowych i wczesnego średniowiecza w świetle źródeł archeologicznych i sztuki”, Biskupin 30-31.08.2021","authors":"Magdalena Przymorska-Sztuczka","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.2855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.2855","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inflow of oriental silver to the lands of Western Slavdom, through the centers of Eastern Europe via the Baltic Sea, was the main determinant of material contacts between the communities of the two regions of the continent. However, they show only one direction – namely, from east to west. The results of the latest research show their second aspect, this time relations from west to east. To the centers located in the north-western zone of Eastern Europe arrived ceramic vessels specific to pottery of the North-Western Slavic territory or people who made them there on the spot. In addition, Tornow type vessels have been registered in Gorodok on the Lovat river. The chronological framework of the occurrence of these artefacts corresponds to the times when the strongholds in the Tornow-Klenica zone were liquidated. Staraya Ladoga and Wolin played a leading role in these relations. Both strongholds served as nodal points, where the forms of trans-Baltic shipping were combined with the inland navigation routes leading deep into both areas. The material culture of the communities of these settlements is also characterized by a number of similarities. Large buildings of post-and-plank construction were discovered there, erected at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century. The presence of large houses that stand out in the landscape of both centers is also perceptible in the second half of the 10th century. The material culture registered inside and in the vicinity of these wooden structures indicates that they could have been the seats of people involved in long-distance trade who can be regarded as “trade diasporas”. Their attributes included wooden anthropomorphic idols, balances and weights, and artifacts of Oriental origin. This article is an attempt to initiate a new Polish-Russian discussion on the cultural ties between the communities of Polish lands and Rus’ in the early Middle Ages.
{"title":"Ośrodki węzłowe i kontakty transbałtyckie pomiędzy społecznościami północno-zachodniej Rusi i ziem polskich w X stuleciu","authors":"Aleksandr Musin, Błażej M. Stanisławski","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.2708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.2708","url":null,"abstract":"The inflow of oriental silver to the lands of Western Slavdom, through the centers of Eastern Europe via the Baltic Sea, was the main determinant of material contacts between the communities of the two regions of the continent. However, they show only one direction – namely, from east to west. The results of the latest research show their second aspect, this time relations from west to east. To the centers located in the north-western zone of Eastern Europe arrived ceramic vessels specific to pottery of the North-Western Slavic territory or people who made them there on the spot. In addition, Tornow type vessels have been registered in Gorodok on the Lovat river. The chronological framework of the occurrence of these artefacts corresponds to the times when the strongholds in the Tornow-Klenica zone were liquidated. Staraya Ladoga and Wolin played a leading role in these relations. Both strongholds served as nodal points, where the forms of trans-Baltic shipping were combined with the inland navigation routes leading deep into both areas. The material culture of the communities of these settlements is also characterized by a number of similarities. Large buildings of post-and-plank construction were discovered there, erected at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century. The presence of large houses that stand out in the landscape of both centers is also perceptible in the second half of the 10th century. The material culture registered inside and in the vicinity of these wooden structures indicates that they could have been the seats of people involved in long-distance trade who can be regarded as “trade diasporas”. Their attributes included wooden anthropomorphic idols, balances and weights, and artifacts of Oriental origin. This article is an attempt to initiate a new Polish-Russian discussion on the cultural ties between the communities of Polish lands and Rus’ in the early Middle Ages.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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