The article analyses various archaeologically perceptible methods of withdrawing goods from circulation. This phenomenon is known as potlatch. Its social and economic context was considered on the basis of various prehistoric cultures in Central Europe. It is pointed out that this is a phenomenon typical of a peripheral economy and a hierarchical social structure.
{"title":"Kto wyrzuca pieniądze przez okno – czyli potlacz w archeologii","authors":"Tomasz Gralak","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.2589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.2589","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses various archaeologically perceptible methods of withdrawing goods from circulation. This phenomenon is known as potlatch. Its social and economic context was considered on the basis of various prehistoric cultures in Central Europe. It is pointed out that this is a phenomenon typical of a peripheral economy and a hierarchical social structure.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Henryk Mamzer. Jak człowiek konstruował świat i siebie samego. Archeologia w procesie humanizacji świata. Poznań, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, 2021, ss. 358, ISBN 978- 83-66463-57-8","authors":"Michał Pawleta","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.2939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.2939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most interesting feature discovered in Domasław’s burial ground is the ditched enclosures complex of a funeral character. The oldest complex with a ring trench was dated to the middle Bronze Age (HaA2). This custom reaches its apogee in the early Iron Age (HaC). A total of 26 chamber graves encircled by trenches, as well as another ditch without a burial probably also from this period, were discovered in the cemetery. At the end of the Early Iron Age, burial practices within the Domasław necropolis did not cease completely. The category of sepulchral features with a younger chronology should also include the rectangular, nearly quadrangular structures which appear in the La Tene period and even at a later phase using this burial ground. The Domasław burials with surrounding trenches have no analogies in the nearest regions. Excavated circular structures make the largest group of funeral ditches to the north of the Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains. The influence on the shaping of the burial rite’s material remains as recorded in the form of chamber graves which stand out for their construction and furnishing, might be also treated as an element of impact. The appearance of circular ditches within this province might be also treated as an element of southern (Hallstatt) impact. The circular ditches at this burial ground is the manifestation of these influences. The strong impact from the Hallstatt circle probably led to profound changes in the sphere of beliefs, ideas, and social stratification. The custom of surrounding graves with rectangular ditches recorded in enclaves of the La Tène culture in Poland is undoubtedly the effect of the arrival of Celtic people from the south to these areas.
{"title":"Założenia rowkowe o charakterze funeralnym ze stanowiska Domasław 10/11/12 / Chrzanów 4, pow. wrocławski jako przejaw oddziaływań kulturowych","authors":"Anna Józefowska, Lidia Kamyszek, L. Żygadło","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.3025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.3025","url":null,"abstract":"The most interesting feature discovered in Domasław’s burial ground is the ditched enclosures complex of a funeral character. The oldest complex with a ring trench was dated to the middle Bronze Age (HaA2). This custom reaches its apogee in the early Iron Age (HaC). A total of 26 chamber graves encircled by trenches, as well as another ditch without a burial probably also from this period, were discovered in the cemetery. At the end of the Early Iron Age, burial practices within the Domasław necropolis did not cease completely. The category of sepulchral features with a younger chronology should also include the rectangular, nearly quadrangular structures which appear in the La Tene period and even at a later phase using this burial ground. The Domasław burials with surrounding trenches have no analogies in the nearest regions. Excavated circular structures make the largest group of funeral ditches to the north of the Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains. The influence on the shaping of the burial rite’s material remains as recorded in the form of chamber graves which stand out for their construction and furnishing, might be also treated as an element of impact. The appearance of circular ditches within this province might be also treated as an element of southern (Hallstatt) impact. The circular ditches at this burial ground is the manifestation of these influences. The strong impact from the Hallstatt circle probably led to profound changes in the sphere of beliefs, ideas, and social stratification. The custom of surrounding graves with rectangular ditches recorded in enclaves of the La Tène culture in Poland is undoubtedly the effect of the arrival of Celtic people from the south to these areas.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is the preliminary presentation of the methodological tradition and theoretical condition of Polish archaeology. I focus here on the standard practice of Polish archaeologists, showing that either they have developed by themselves, borrowed or adapted elements of theories. Archaeological publications will be the basis for the article. The article also points to the multifaceted inspiration flowing from the humanities, social and biological sciences towards archaeology. The role of methodological turns was emphasized: anti-positivist, textual, visual, and performative. As a result, archaeology reached out to them with great hope, looking for answers to troublesome questions concerning forms of social life and culture in the past. The article highlights the individual aspects of Polish archaeology, including the nonobvious influence of Marxism, and processual and post-processual thinking.
{"title":"Teoretyczne i metodologiczne podstawy archeologicznego dyskursu w Polsce. Zarys problematyki","authors":"Danuta Minta-Tworzowska","doi":"10.23858/pa70.2022.3032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa70.2022.3032","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is the preliminary presentation of the methodological tradition and theoretical condition of Polish archaeology. I focus here on the standard practice of Polish archaeologists, showing that either they have developed by themselves, borrowed or adapted elements of theories. Archaeological publications will be the basis for the article. The article also points to the multifaceted inspiration flowing from the humanities, social and biological sciences towards archaeology. The role of methodological turns was emphasized: anti-positivist, textual, visual, and performative. As a result, archaeology reached out to them with great hope, looking for answers to troublesome questions concerning forms of social life and culture in the past. The article highlights the individual aspects of Polish archaeology, including the nonobvious influence of Marxism, and processual and post-processual thinking.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of this study is the nomenclature used in medieval written sources for small feudal residences. The majority of them are private foundations of vassals to the duke, i.e., knights and citizens of Wroclaw. A few examples are seats of village administrators, as well as rural mansions of knightly orders. Also examined are smaller objects (most having special functions) built by territorial rulers – namely, Silesian dukes and bishops of Wrocław. These objects were clearly different in their scale from the stately brick castles that played the role of princely residences or were otherwise part of the country’s administrative structure. In light of the materials collected, small feudal residences were mentioned in medieval Silesian written sources as: curia/Hof, curia habitationis, curia murata/gemauerte Hof, castrum/Burg/Haus, fortalicium/Feste, propugnaculum/Bergfried, turris/Turm, Gesesse, Sitz, Rittersitz.
{"title":"Siedziby pańskie na Śląsku w świetle źródeł pisanych. Studium nad średniowieczną nomenklaturą","authors":"Dominik Nowakowski","doi":"10.23858/pa69.2021.2096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa69.2021.2096","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this study is the nomenclature used in medieval written sources for small feudal residences. The majority of them are private foundations of vassals to the duke, i.e., knights and citizens of Wroclaw. A few examples are seats of village administrators, as well as rural mansions of knightly orders. Also examined are smaller objects (most having special functions) built by territorial rulers – namely, Silesian dukes and bishops of Wrocław. These objects were clearly different in their scale from the stately brick castles that played the role of princely residences or were otherwise part of the country’s administrative structure. In light of the materials collected, small feudal residences were mentioned in medieval Silesian written sources as: curia/Hof, curia habitationis, curia murata/gemauerte Hof, castrum/Burg/Haus, fortalicium/Feste, propugnaculum/Bergfried, turris/Turm, Gesesse, Sitz, Rittersitz. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68901002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The text presents newly discovered graves of Strzyżów culture from the Early Bronze Age, located at a cemetery in Rogalin, Poland. The funeral rites of Strzyżów culture are multifaceted. Most of the dead were placed in graves in supine position, equipped with vessels, tools, and ornaments – and then buried. This text, however, discusses burial rites involving the use of fire both in open burial pits and after burial, as well as subsequent practices of opening and disturbing graves. Analysis was supplemented by results of radiocarbon dating.
{"title":"Igranie z ogniem – rytuały pogrzebowe kultury strzyżowskiej na przykładzie wybranych pochowków z cmentarzyska w Rogalinie","authors":"Anna Hyrchała","doi":"10.23858/pa69.2021.1857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa69.2021.1857","url":null,"abstract":"The text presents newly discovered graves of Strzyżów culture from the Early Bronze Age, located at a cemetery in Rogalin, Poland. The funeral rites of Strzyżów culture are multifaceted. Most of the dead were placed in graves in supine position, equipped with vessels, tools, and ornaments – and then buried. This text, however, discusses burial rites involving the use of fire both in open burial pits and after burial, as well as subsequent practices of opening and disturbing graves. Analysis was supplemented by results of radiocarbon dating.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48104389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dorota Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska, Monica Abreu-Głowacka, Wojciech Kociemba, M. Glapiński, Eliza Michalak, Marzanna Ciesielka, Anna Hyrchała
In 2008 a burial site was discovered in Rogalin (eastern Poland). Interdisciplinary investigations were carried out and it was concluded that the site was a unique example of Strzyżów culture, an agricultural culture found in eastern Poland and western Ukraine, dated to the Early Bronze Age (2000/1950–1600 BC ). Strzyżów culture spread over the area from the eastern part of Lublin Upland (area between the upper Wieprz river and Bug river) to the area of south-western Volhynia crossing Horyn river in present-day Ukraine. The highest density of its sites is in the territory of Horodło Plateau and near the town of Hrubieszów. Sixteen graves were discovered between 2009 and 2016. The aim of the study was to conduct analysis of skeletal remains from four burial graves – no. 13, 14, 15, and 16 excavated in 2015 and 2016. Research was based on macroscopic, stereomicroscopic analysis, X-ray and CT examinations.
{"title":"Materiał kostny z czterech grobów kultury strzyżowskiej wyeksplorowanych w latach 2015-2016 na stanowisku 15 w Rogalinie w świetle badań interdyscyplinarnych","authors":"Dorota Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska, Monica Abreu-Głowacka, Wojciech Kociemba, M. Glapiński, Eliza Michalak, Marzanna Ciesielka, Anna Hyrchała","doi":"10.23858/pa69.2021.1858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa69.2021.1858","url":null,"abstract":"In 2008 a burial site was discovered in Rogalin (eastern Poland). Interdisciplinary investigations were carried out and it was concluded that the site was a unique example of Strzyżów culture, an agricultural culture found in eastern Poland and western Ukraine, dated to the Early Bronze Age (2000/1950–1600 BC ). Strzyżów culture spread over the area from the eastern part of Lublin Upland (area between the upper Wieprz river and Bug river) to the area of south-western Volhynia crossing Horyn river in present-day Ukraine. The highest density of its sites is in the territory of Horodło Plateau and near the town of Hrubieszów. Sixteen graves were discovered between 2009 and 2016. The aim of the study was to conduct analysis of skeletal remains from four burial graves – no. 13, 14, 15, and 16 excavated in 2015 and 2016. Research was based on macroscopic, stereomicroscopic analysis, X-ray and CT examinations.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47049484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The specific relationship between weapon-form and mode of use has become a subject of intense research regarding the martial practices of past societies. In recent years the application of wear analysis to bronze offensive weapons has allowed us to define their function on the basis of recognizable damage. This paper aims to present results of use-wear analysis conducted on a unique bronze sword that was found in Domasław, Poland in a cremation cemetery belonging to Lusatian culture. The sword reveals a broad range of traces, ones which may be attributed to respective fighting techniques. Another goal of the present work is to partially fill the research void which presently exists concerning warfare as practiced by the Lusatian culture people, and to point out the necessity of carrying out further studies of this kind.
{"title":"Pewne uwagi na temat możliwej funkcji bezpośredniej miecza brązowego z grobu nr 7429 z cmentarzyska ciałopalnego kultury łużyckiej w Domasławiu w świetle analiz traseologicznych","authors":"Jakub Witowski","doi":"10.23858/pa69.2021.2109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa69.2021.2109","url":null,"abstract":"The specific relationship between weapon-form and mode of use has become a subject of intense research regarding the martial practices of past societies. In recent years the application of wear analysis to bronze offensive weapons has allowed us to define their function on the basis of recognizable damage. This paper aims to present results of use-wear analysis conducted on a unique bronze sword that was found in Domasław, Poland in a cremation cemetery belonging to Lusatian culture. The sword reveals a broad range of traces, ones which may be attributed to respective fighting techniques. Another goal of the present work is to partially fill the research void which presently exists concerning warfare as practiced by the Lusatian culture people, and to point out the necessity of carrying out further studies of this kind.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68900674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution discusses the evidence of textile impressions preserved on the undersides of clay sealings from Bronze Age Greece. A collection of modern casts taken from these sealings, stored in the Corpus der minoischen und mykenischen Siegel in Heidelberg, is currently being analyzed by the author. The assumed reliability of textile impressions as a source of knowledge about the qualities of actual textiles and raw materials used to produce them has been verified by a series of archaeological experiments and comparative analysis of modern raw materials of various origin. Results ofthe analysis of 199 casts from two Aegean sites: Lerna in Argolid and Phaistos on Crete, have provided new evidence for technical uses of textile and organic products in the daily storage routine and sealing practices, as well as for the specific parameters of threads, cords, and fabrics impressed on clay. Due to the relatively large number of textile imprints, it is possible, for the first time, to make site-specific comparisons of textile production on the basis of products and to tracktechnical developments in textile manufacturing throughout the Aegean Bronze Age.
这篇文章讨论了保存在青铜时代希腊粘土封条底面上的纺织品印痕的证据。从这些密封件中提取的现代铸件的集合，存储在海德堡的minoischen und mykenischen Siegel语料库中，目前正在由作者进行分析。纺织品印痕被认为是了解实际纺织品及其生产原料质量的可靠来源，这一假设已被一系列考古实验和对各种来源的现代原材料的比较分析所证实。对来自爱琴海两个遗址(阿尔戈利德的勒纳和克里特岛的费斯托斯)的199件铸件的分析结果，为纺织品和有机产品在日常储存和密封实践中的技术用途，以及在粘土上印刻的线、绳和织物的具体参数提供了新的证据。由于相对大量的纺织品印记，这是第一次有可能在产品的基础上对纺织品生产进行特定地点的比较，并跟踪整个爱琴海青铜时代纺织品制造的技术发展。
{"title":"Tekstylia i pieczęcie. O relacjach pomiędzy produkcją włókienniczą a praktykami stemplowania w Grecji epoki brązu oraz o zupełnie nowych danych z odcisków glinianych pieczęci","authors":"A. Ulanowska","doi":"10.23858/pa69.2021.2555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa69.2021.2555","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution discusses the evidence of textile impressions preserved on the undersides of clay sealings from Bronze Age Greece. A collection of modern casts taken from these sealings, stored in the Corpus der minoischen und mykenischen Siegel in Heidelberg, is currently being analyzed by the author. The assumed reliability of textile impressions as a source of knowledge about the qualities of actual textiles and raw materials used to produce them has been verified by a series of archaeological experiments and comparative analysis of modern raw materials of various origin. Results ofthe analysis of 199 casts from two Aegean sites: Lerna in Argolid and Phaistos on Crete, have provided new evidence for technical uses of textile and organic products in the daily storage routine and sealing practices, as well as for the specific parameters of threads, cords, and fabrics impressed on clay. Due to the relatively large number of textile imprints, it is possible, for the first time, to make site-specific comparisons of textile production on the basis of products and to tracktechnical developments in textile manufacturing throughout the Aegean Bronze Age.","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47029259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radosław Palonka, Sztuka i archeologia kultur indiańskich prekolumbijskiego Południowego Zachodu USA. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2019, ss. 530, ryc. 307, tabl. 15.","authors":"Józef Szykulski","doi":"10.23858/pa69.2021.2402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/pa69.2021.2402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36649,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Archeologiczny","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68900847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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