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School and home-based responding in an online youth crime survey: A natural experiment related to school lockdown in spring 2020 在线青少年犯罪调查中基于学校和家庭的回应:与2020年春季学校封锁有关的自然实验
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2578983X.2022.2097901
Markus Kaakinen, Janne Kivivuori, D. Enzmann, Anna Raeste, M. Näsi
ABSTRACT Our study draws from a natural experiment created by the school lockdowns in Finland during the 2020 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic to compare at-school and home-based responses to an online youth crime survey. Using our quasi-experimental design, we examine how at-home responses during the Covid-19 lockdown affected the sample composition and reported prevalence of offences in the nationally representative Finnish Self-Report Delinquency Study 2020 (FSRD-2020) survey (N = 5503). We compare these within-year changes in 2020 to the earlier FSRD-2016 survey (N = 5955) that did not involve a transition to at-home response. According to our analysis, the share of males decreased in remote schooling. We also detected a decrease in reported offences during lockdown (remote school response) in several types of offences, net of observed compositional changes. The findings suggest that at-school data collection helps secure more inclusive samples and encourages students to self-report their offending behaviours.
我们的研究借鉴了2020年冠状病毒病(Covid-19)大流行期间芬兰学校封锁所创造的自然实验,以比较学校和家庭对在线青少年犯罪调查的反应。使用准实验设计,我们研究了在具有全国代表性的芬兰自我报告犯罪研究2020 (FSRD-2020)调查(N = 5503)中,Covid-19封锁期间的家庭反应如何影响样本组成和报告的犯罪流行率。我们将2020年的这些年内变化与早期FSRD-2016调查(N = 5955)进行了比较,该调查不涉及过渡到家庭反应。根据我们的分析,男性在远程教育中的比例下降了。我们还发现,在封锁期间(远程学校响应),几种类型的犯罪报告有所减少,但未观察到构成变化。研究结果表明,在学校收集数据有助于获得更具包容性的样本,并鼓励学生自我报告他们的犯罪行为。
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引用次数: 1
The etiquette of bribes – learning, teaching and knowing 贿赂的礼仪——学、教、知
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.1080/2578983X.2022.2089455
Joakim Thelander, Malin Åkerström
ABSTRACT How are bribes supposed to be given or taken? In this article, we study how individuals from countries with low tolerance of corruption learn, teach others and present themselves as knowledgeable about the etiquette of bribes. This involves the social practices of everyday corruption and petty bribes when working as ’strangers’ in countries where such exchanges are more common. Previous interviews on bribery with Swedish and Danish aid workers, and Swedish representatives from adoption organizations, were searched for descriptions of giving, receiving and avoiding petty bribes. We argue that an appreciation of the etiquette of bribes is important for understanding the social practices of giving and/or taking bribes. Such an etiquette is not ‘random’ but addresses and resolves practical and interactional concerns for the actors involved in those exchanges.
贿赂应该如何给予或接受?在本文中,我们研究了来自腐败容忍度较低的国家的个人如何学习、教导他人并表现出对贿赂礼仪的了解。这涉及作为“陌生人”在这种交易更为普遍的国家工作时的日常腐败和小额贿赂的社会实践。之前对瑞典和丹麦援助工作者以及瑞典收养组织代表的贿赂采访,都是为了寻找给予、接受和避免小额贿赂的描述。我们认为,对贿赂礼仪的欣赏对于理解给予和/或收受贿赂的社会实践非常重要。这种礼仪不是“随机的”,而是为参与这些交流的参与者解决实际和互动问题。
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引用次数: 0
Confinement and restrictive measures against young people in the Nordic countries – a comparative analysis of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden 北欧国家对年轻人的监禁和限制措施——丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典的比较分析
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.1080/2578983X.2022.2054536
Sofia Enell, Maria Andersson Vogel, Ann-Karina Henriksen, Tarja Pösö, Päivi Honkatukia, Bård Mellin-Olsen, I. Hydle
ABSTRACT This article reviews and compares the use of confinement and other restrictive measures against young people under 18 in child welfare and/or the criminal justice systems in Denmark, Sweden, Finland, and Norway. Young people are confined for a variety of reasons, including protection, care, treatment, and punishment. However, confinement of young people is a contested issue because it can be viewed as necessary but also potentially harmful. Comparison of legislation and practices reveals that while there are some similarities in the service provisions for young people, there are also significant disparities among the four countries regarding the organization, function, and frequency of the use of confinement and restrictive measures. While Denmark and Sweden use secure welfare institutions, Finland and Norway apply other restrictive measures. Despite the differences in approaches to confinement in the Nordic countries, the use of confinement is guided by the principle of the child’s best interest, and the child welfare system is the main frame for confinement and intervention. The article discusses these disparate practices from the perspective of children’s rights and identifies new avenues for research and practice.
本文回顾并比较了丹麦、瑞典、芬兰和挪威在儿童福利和/或刑事司法系统中对18岁以下青少年使用禁闭和其他限制性措施的情况。由于各种各样的原因,包括保护、照顾、治疗和惩罚,年轻人被关起来。然而,监禁年轻人是一个有争议的问题,因为它可以被视为必要的,但也可能有害。立法和实践的比较表明,虽然在为年轻人提供的服务方面有一些相似之处,但四个国家在使用禁闭和限制措施的组织、功能和频率方面也存在重大差异。丹麦和瑞典采用安全福利制度,而芬兰和挪威则采用其他限制性措施。尽管北欧国家在坐月子的做法上存在差异,但坐月子的使用是以儿童最大利益原则为指导的,儿童福利制度是坐月子和干预的主要框架。本文从儿童权利的角度讨论了这些不同的做法,并确定了研究和实践的新途径。
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引用次数: 2
Risk factors for intimate partner violence among native and immigrant male partners in Sweden 瑞典本土和移民男性伴侣之间亲密伴侣暴力的危险因素
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1080/2578983X.2022.2051306
Johan Stjernqvist, J. Petersson, S. Strand
ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the importance of differentiating between partner violent men in terms of immigrant or native Swedish background, when assessing risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) recidivism. A quantitative design was used with a sample of 1263 alleged male perpetrators reported for IPV-related crimes to the Swedish police. Data consisted of police officers’ risk assessments using the Swedish version of the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER). Results showed that risk factors such as 'Violent threats or thoughts', and 'Violent attitudes', were more common for perpetrators with an immigrant background. In contrast, risk factors such as 'General criminality' and 'Substance use problems' were more common among native perpetrators. Furthermore, in relation to the importance of specific risk factors for an elevated risk of IPV recidivism, such risk was elevated for perpetrators with a native background when ‘Violent threats or thoughts’, ‘General criminality’ and ‘Relationship problems’ were present. Corresponding factors for immigrant perpetrators consisted of ‘Escalation’ and ‘General criminality’. These results are essential for the police to recognize and understand since only victims in IPV cases with an elevated assessed risk will be eligible for risk management and protective actions.
本研究旨在探讨在评估亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)再犯风险时,区分移民或瑞典本土背景的伴侣暴力男性的重要性。对向瑞典警方报告的1263名涉嫌与ipv6相关的犯罪的男性犯罪者进行了定量设计。数据包括警察的风险评估,使用瑞典版的风险评估配偶殴打简短表格(B-SAFER)。结果显示,“暴力威胁或暴力想法”和“暴力态度”等风险因素在移民背景的犯罪者中更为常见。相比之下,“一般犯罪”和“药物使用问题”等风险因素在本土犯罪者中更为常见。此外,关于特定风险因素对IPV再犯风险增加的重要性,当存在“暴力威胁或思想”、“一般犯罪”和“关系问题”时,具有本地背景的犯罪者的这种风险会增加。移民犯罪者的相应因素包括“升级”和“一般犯罪”。这些结果对于警察认识和理解至关重要,因为只有评估风险较高的IPV案件的受害者才有资格采取风险管理和保护行动。
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引用次数: 0
A note from the new Editor-in-Chief 新主编的留言
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/2578983X.2022.2043091
Sébastien Tutenges
Nordic Journal of Criminology important institution in the study of crime and society. For it as a platform to present new scientific knowledge, feed into public debates, inform policy makers and solidify the Nordic community with a shared interest in things criminological. is important, in of the special character of the Nordic context. Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden are renowned worldwide as welfare strongholds with steep taxation systems, generous social services, high levels of trust, low levels of incarceration and widespread confidence in personal safety, alongside persistent problems with various types of crime & Tonry, 2011). The Nordic welfare model facilitates certain crimes while impeding others, and this calls for particular interventions and policies that would be unfeasible or ineffective in other parts of the world (Aromaa, 2000). Criminological exchanges across the Nordic countries are needed in order to understand the common challenges we are facing and find better ways to deal with them.
《北欧犯罪学杂志》是研究犯罪与社会的重要机构。因为它是一个展示新科学知识的平台,为公共辩论提供信息,为政策制定者提供信息,并巩固北欧社区对犯罪学事物的共同兴趣。是很重要的,考虑到北欧环境的特殊性。丹麦,芬兰,冰岛,挪威和瑞典是世界闻名的福利据点与陡峭的税收制度,慷慨的社会服务,高水平的信任,低水平的监禁和对个人安全的普遍信心,以及各种类型的犯罪持续存在的问题(托尼,2011)。北欧福利模式促进了某些犯罪,同时阻碍了其他犯罪,这就需要在世界其他地区不可行或无效的特殊干预和政策(Aromaa, 2000)。为了了解我们所面临的共同挑战并找到更好的方法来应对这些挑战,北欧国家之间的犯罪学交流是必要的。
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引用次数: 1
The Stockholm life-course project: investigating offending and non-lethal severe violent victimization 斯德哥尔摩生命历程项目:调查犯罪和非致命的严重暴力受害者
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/2578983X.2021.2012065
Amber L. Beckley, Sanni Kuikka, Fredrik Sivertsson, J. Sarnecki
ABSTRACT Much is known about the patterning of offending throughout life, but less about the patterning of victimization. In this study, we used data from the Stockholm Life-Course Project (SLCP), a longitudinal study that includes measures of childhood problem behaviour. We analysed offending (criminal conviction and police suspicion), inpatient hospitalization and outpatient care for violent victimization. We replicated the well-established age-crime curve amongst SLCP study members. We found that hospitalization for severe violent victimization was most likely to occur between 20 and 40 years of age. We additionally considered how childhood problem behaviour impacted overall risk and life-course patterning of offending and victimization. Childhood problem behaviour was associated with a greater risk of criminal conviction. But childhood problem behaviour showed inconsistent associations with risk for police suspicion. Childhood problem behaviour was generally associated with greater involvement in crime up to middle adulthood. Childhood problem behaviour was generally associated with a greater risk of victimization. However, we were limited in our ability to estimate the effect of childhood problem behaviour on life-course patterning of victimization due to the rarity of victimization. These results imply a need for larger studies on violent victimization and greater nuance in our understanding of childhood risks and their life-long outcomes.
人们对一生中犯罪的模式了解甚多,但对受害的模式了解甚少。在这项研究中,我们使用了斯德哥尔摩生命历程项目(SLCP)的数据,这是一项纵向研究,包括对儿童问题行为的测量。我们分析了暴力受害者的犯罪行为(刑事定罪和警方怀疑)、住院治疗和门诊治疗。我们在SLCP研究成员中复制了成熟的年龄-犯罪曲线。我们发现,因严重暴力受害而住院的最可能发生在20至40岁之间。我们还考虑了儿童问题行为如何影响犯罪和受害的总体风险和生命历程模式。儿童时期的问题行为与更大的刑事定罪风险有关。但儿童时期的问题行为与警方怀疑的风险表现出不一致的联系。儿童时期的问题行为通常与成年中期更大程度的犯罪有关。儿童时期的问题行为通常与更大的受害风险有关。然而,由于受害的罕见性,我们在评估儿童问题行为对受害的生命历程模式的影响方面的能力有限。这些结果意味着需要对暴力受害进行更大规模的研究,并在我们对儿童风险及其终身后果的理解上有更大的细微差别。
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引用次数: 0
Back to school: an analysis of repeat school victimization in Malmö 重返校园:Malmö重复学校受害分析
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/2578983X.2021.1994733
Magda Johansson Worobiec
ABSTRACT This study examines repeat school victimization, and is an extension of previous research. The distributions of two property crimes (burglary and theft) and three crimes against the person (assault, threats and harassment) in compulsory schools are compared between municipal and independent schools in Malmö, as well as between school areas with varying economic status. The time course between incidents is compared between crime types and between areas with low and high economic status, respectively. The study is based on reported crime data, and is geographically limited to the municipality of Malmö. The data relate to the period 2015–2017. The study’s results show a skewed distribution for victimization in general, with municipal schools and schools in areas with low economic status being most affected. The majority of repeat school victimization takes place within a month of the previous incident, and this time frame applies to all four crime types. Burglaries and assaults are repeated more quickly in the most deprived areas, while for theft and threats/harassment, there is very little difference in the time course between different areas. Victimization differences and preventive implications are discussed based on the theories of routine activities, social disorganization and macro-level strain.
本研究考察了重复学校受害现象,是以往研究的延伸。对义务学校中两种财产犯罪(入室盗窃和盗窃)和三种人身犯罪(袭击、威胁和骚扰)的分布情况在Malmö的市立学校和私立学校之间以及不同经济地位的学校地区之间进行了比较。分别比较了不同犯罪类型和经济地位高低地区之间的事件间隔时间。这项研究是基于报告的犯罪数据,并在地理上仅限于Malmö市。数据涉及2015-2017年期间。研究结果显示,受害情况总体上分布不均,市立学校和经济地位较低地区的学校受影响最大。大多数重复的学校受害者发生在前一次事件的一个月内,这个时间范围适用于所有四种犯罪类型。在最贫困的地区,盗窃和袭击的发生速度更快,而在不同地区,盗窃和威胁/骚扰的发生时间几乎没有差别。基于日常活动理论、社会无序理论和宏观应变理论,探讨了受害差异及其预防意义。
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引用次数: 0
Gendered feelings of unsafety and avoidance of local central areas in Finland 2001–2016 2001-2016年芬兰地方中心地区的性别不安全感和回避感
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.1080/2578983X.2021.1950466
Pietari Kujala
ABSTRACT There is a lack of knowledge about fear-of-crime-related place avoidance in Finland. International studies have examined different aspects of fear of crime and avoidance. However, examinations of the association between feelings of unsafety and place avoidance are rarer. This study takes on a less-researched perspective and examines the association between feelings of unsafety and avoidance of local central areas in Finland in 2001–2016. It conducts a gendered assessment of the association and distinguishes between different degrees of urbanization. As a methodological contribution, this study conducts cross-sectional time-series analysis. The research data consist of Finnish survey data from 2001 to 2016. The results show that levels of feelings of unsafety and avoidance in local central areas remain relatively stable during the examined period. Furthermore, the considered association is stronger among women than among men, regardless of the degree of municipality or neighbourhood urbanization. Interestingly, the strength of the considered association is more stable among women than among men. Furthermore, of all the considered independent and contextual factors, gender is the most consistently relevant factor in all areas of different degrees of urbanization. Implications of the results are discussed.
芬兰缺乏与犯罪恐惧相关的避所知识。国际研究调查了对犯罪的恐惧和逃避的不同方面。然而,对不安全感和场所回避之间关系的研究却很少。这项研究采用了一个研究较少的视角,研究了2001年至2016年芬兰不安全感与对当地中心地区的回避之间的关系。它对这种联系进行了性别评估,并区分了不同程度的城市化。作为方法学上的贡献,本研究进行了横断面时间序列分析。研究数据由芬兰2001年至2016年的调查数据组成。结果表明,在调查期间,当地中心地区的不安全感和回避感水平保持相对稳定。此外,无论城市或社区的城市化程度如何,所考虑的关联在妇女中比在男子中更强。有趣的是,这种关联的强度在女性中比在男性中更稳定。此外,在所有考虑到的独立和背景因素中,性别是所有不同程度城市化地区最一致的相关因素。讨论了研究结果的意义。
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引用次数: 1
An exciting journey 激动人心的旅程
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2578983x.2021.1997218
A. Heber
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引用次数: 1
Incarcerated women’s cooking and eating practices in a ‘humane’ Danish open prison 在丹麦一个“人道”的开放式监狱里,被监禁的妇女的烹饪和饮食习惯
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/2578983X.2021.1982551
Mary Weir
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to examine incarcerated women’s cooking and eating practices in a Danish open prison to gain insight into the Nordic penal exceptionalism debate. Self-catering and the policy of normalization, which dictates that prison conditions be as similar as possible to conditions outside the prison, have been seen by some as evidence of humane prison conditions. This article draws on three months of ethnographic fieldwork to argue that incarcerated women in a mixed-gender Danish open prison use cooking and eating to display family, articulate allegiance, and negotiate relations of exchange. Incarcerated women used food preparation to maintain relationships with family and negotiate relationships with other prisoners, yet data also reveal the ways in which incarceration and turnover profoundly strained these relationships. I argue that self-catering is worth emulating while emphasizing the limitations of labelling it humane and propose that turnover deserves further research.
本文的目的是研究丹麦开放式监狱中被监禁妇女的烹饪和饮食习惯,以深入了解北欧刑法例外论的辩论。自给自足和正常化政策要求监狱条件尽可能与监狱外的条件相似,一些人认为这是人道监狱条件的证据。本文通过三个月的人种学田野调查,论证了在丹麦一个男女混合的开放式监狱中,被监禁的女性用烹饪和饮食来展示家庭,表达忠诚,并谈判交换关系。被监禁的女性通过准备食物来维持与家人的关系,并与其他囚犯协商关系,但数据也显示,监禁和人员调动会严重破坏这些关系。我认为自助餐饮值得效仿,同时强调给它贴上人性化标签的局限性,并提出营业额值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Nordic Journal of Criminology
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