Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.6000/1927-520x.2024.13.07
S.H. Sneha, Prahlad Singh, Navdeep Singh, Chanchal Singh, M. Honparkhe
The present study incorporated ten buffalo calves aged 0 to 6 months, with an average weight of 35 kg, and ten buffalo heifers aged 12 months, with an average weight of 200 kg, to study the cytokine and AMH profile in relation to pubertal advancement. Venous blood samples (5ml) were collected from buffalo calves on the day of birth (day 0), day 15, day 30, day 60, day 90, day 120, day 150, and day 180. A single blood sample was collected from Buffalo heifers (1 year age). Cytokines: IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1, IL-13, TNF-α, and TGF-β, and anti-Müllerian hormone: AMH were estimated using respective ELISA kits. At birth, cytokine levels in serum showed a varied pattern, with lower levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-13, whereas IL-1, TNF-α, and TGF-β were higher. Throughout the study, IFN-γ, IL-13, and TGF-β levels remained relatively stable, whereas IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α increased notably by day 180. IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were higher (P<0.01) from birth to 180 days as well as on day 365. AMH levels remained consistent from birth to 180 days, indicating a marked increase at Day 15 (33.49 ± 12.63 ng/L), followed by a decline to 4.60 ± 1.55 ng/Lat the end of the first year. Implications of the Karl Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a negative correlation between AMH levels and IFN-γ and TNF-α. AMH was positively correlated with IL 13 and TGF-β. Hence, it was concluded that IFN-γ and TNF-α are predictive markers for a reduction in AMH levels and hence, setting up puberty in buffalo heifers.
{"title":"Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Cytokine Profiling of Bubalus bubalis (Murrah buffalo) Calves for Puberty Prediction","authors":"S.H. Sneha, Prahlad Singh, Navdeep Singh, Chanchal Singh, M. Honparkhe","doi":"10.6000/1927-520x.2024.13.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2024.13.07","url":null,"abstract":"The present study incorporated ten buffalo calves aged 0 to 6 months, with an average weight of 35 kg, and ten buffalo heifers aged 12 months, with an average weight of 200 kg, to study the cytokine and AMH profile in relation to pubertal advancement. Venous blood samples (5ml) were collected from buffalo calves on the day of birth (day 0), day 15, day 30, day 60, day 90, day 120, day 150, and day 180. A single blood sample was collected from Buffalo heifers (1 year age). Cytokines: IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1, IL-13, TNF-α, and TGF-β, and anti-Müllerian hormone: AMH were estimated using respective ELISA kits. At birth, cytokine levels in serum showed a varied pattern, with lower levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-13, whereas IL-1, TNF-α, and TGF-β were higher. Throughout the study, IFN-γ, IL-13, and TGF-β levels remained relatively stable, whereas IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α increased notably by day 180. IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were higher (P<0.01) from birth to 180 days as well as on day 365. AMH levels remained consistent from birth to 180 days, indicating a marked increase at Day 15 (33.49 ± 12.63 ng/L), followed by a decline to 4.60 ± 1.55 ng/Lat the end of the first year. Implications of the Karl Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a negative correlation between AMH levels and IFN-γ and TNF-α. AMH was positively correlated with IL 13 and TGF-β. Hence, it was concluded that IFN-γ and TNF-α are predictive markers for a reduction in AMH levels and hence, setting up puberty in buffalo heifers.","PeriodicalId":36721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Buffalo Science","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.6000/1927-520x.2024.13.08
D. A. Warmadewi, Ni Putu, Yunda Melati, Gusti Nyoman, Gde Bidura, Putu Sampurna
Background: The selection program is one of the efforts that can be made to select livestock as superior breed stock. The selection program can be carried out by looking at the performance of quantitative traits in buffalo by measuring several economically valuable traits referring to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7706.1: 2011) regarding superior young bull buffalo breeds. Methods: The research was carried out by directly measuring the performance of quantitative characteristics of buffalo in three regencies out of nine regencies in Bali Province, Indonesia, namely: Jembrana Regency, Tabanan Regency, and Buleleng Regency. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to obtain average quantitative characteristics and calculate the magnitude of population diversity. Results: The results obtained were that the performance of quantitative traits in male and female buffalo in Bali Province, Indonesia, was higher than the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7706.1: 2011) regarding superior young bull buffalo breeds. The population diversity of quantitative characteristics of male buffalo aged 2-3 years old in Bali province is categorized as diverse (varied). On the other hand, male buffalo aged >3 years are in the uniform (homogeneous) category, as are female buffalo aged 2-3 years and >3 years. Conclusion: The buffalo in the province of Bali, Indonesia, were suitable for use as a breed, and effective selection was carried out on the male buffalo population aged 2-3 years. Suggestions require efforts to increase public interest in keeping buffaloes by providing protection and appreciation to breeders who want to keep buffaloes, especially female buffaloes.
{"title":"Buffalo Selection in Bali Province, Indonesia: Performance and Quantitative Trait Analysis","authors":"D. A. Warmadewi, Ni Putu, Yunda Melati, Gusti Nyoman, Gde Bidura, Putu Sampurna","doi":"10.6000/1927-520x.2024.13.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2024.13.08","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The selection program is one of the efforts that can be made to select livestock as superior breed stock. The selection program can be carried out by looking at the performance of quantitative traits in buffalo by measuring several economically valuable traits referring to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7706.1: 2011) regarding superior young bull buffalo breeds. \u0000Methods: The research was carried out by directly measuring the performance of quantitative characteristics of buffalo in three regencies out of nine regencies in Bali Province, Indonesia, namely: Jembrana Regency, Tabanan Regency, and Buleleng Regency. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to obtain average quantitative characteristics and calculate the magnitude of population diversity. \u0000Results: The results obtained were that the performance of quantitative traits in male and female buffalo in Bali Province, Indonesia, was higher than the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7706.1: 2011) regarding superior young bull buffalo breeds. The population diversity of quantitative characteristics of male buffalo aged 2-3 years old in Bali province is categorized as diverse (varied). On the other hand, male buffalo aged >3 years are in the uniform (homogeneous) category, as are female buffalo aged 2-3 years and >3 years. \u0000Conclusion: The buffalo in the province of Bali, Indonesia, were suitable for use as a breed, and effective selection was carried out on the male buffalo population aged 2-3 years. Suggestions require efforts to increase public interest in keeping buffaloes by providing protection and appreciation to breeders who want to keep buffaloes, especially female buffaloes.","PeriodicalId":36721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Buffalo Science","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.6000/1927-520x.2024.13.01
Napinder Kaur, Md Asif Iqubal, J. S. Toor, Md Abusaad
Context: The vast resource of Indian livestock played an important role in improving the socio-economic conditions of people in rural areas. Dairying has provided strong support to stabilise the Indian economy by ensuring a certain degree of diversification and flexibility. Aim: The present study aims to analyse the costs and returns from buffalo milk production in the Punjab state of India to know about the viability of the dairy business. Methods: The present study is based on primary data collected through a detailed schedule from 420 dairy farmers belonging to different farm size categories (landless households, large, medium, small, and marginal farmers) from 21 villages situated across three different agro-climatic zones of Punjab state in 2019. A multi-stage sampling technique has been used to select the villages and dairy farmers in the study area. Key Results: The study has revealed that the total costs of buffalo milk production are ₹180.16 per day per milch buffalo. The sale of fluid milk constitutes a major component of gross returns. The net returns are calculated as ₹6.42 per litre from buffalo milk production in rural Punjab. Implications: Economic analysis of dairy farming is very important to know about the economic viability of dairy enterprises. The profitability from dairying depends upon the milk yield of dairy animals, the sale price of milk, and the cost involved in dairying. Adequate knowledge of the cost involved in dairying is important as it can be used for policy-making and also for providing incentives to dairy farmers.
{"title":"Cost-Benefit Analysis of Buffalo Milk Production in India","authors":"Napinder Kaur, Md Asif Iqubal, J. S. Toor, Md Abusaad","doi":"10.6000/1927-520x.2024.13.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2024.13.01","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The vast resource of Indian livestock played an important role in improving the socio-economic conditions of people in rural areas. Dairying has provided strong support to stabilise the Indian economy by ensuring a certain degree of diversification and flexibility. \u0000Aim: The present study aims to analyse the costs and returns from buffalo milk production in the Punjab state of India to know about the viability of the dairy business. \u0000Methods: The present study is based on primary data collected through a detailed schedule from 420 dairy farmers belonging to different farm size categories (landless households, large, medium, small, and marginal farmers) from 21 villages situated across three different agro-climatic zones of Punjab state in 2019. A multi-stage sampling technique has been used to select the villages and dairy farmers in the study area. \u0000Key Results: The study has revealed that the total costs of buffalo milk production are ₹180.16 per day per milch buffalo. The sale of fluid milk constitutes a major component of gross returns. The net returns are calculated as ₹6.42 per litre from buffalo milk production in rural Punjab. \u0000Implications: Economic analysis of dairy farming is very important to know about the economic viability of dairy enterprises. The profitability from dairying depends upon the milk yield of dairy animals, the sale price of milk, and the cost involved in dairying. Adequate knowledge of the cost involved in dairying is important as it can be used for policy-making and also for providing incentives to dairy farmers.","PeriodicalId":36721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Buffalo Science","volume":"41 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.14
Jhon F. García-Acevedo, Julián D. Tobón, Camilo F. Grisales, Catalina Gómez, J. Fernández-Silva, Nicolás F. Ramírez-Vásquez
Background: Mastitis is the most common disease among dairy buffaloes worldwide, and it significantly affects the economic profitability of buffalo farms as well as animal welfare and public health. Methods: This study was conducted between 2018 and 2019 at the Colombian departments of Antioquia and Córdoba, where 41% of the country’s total buffalo population is concentrated. Overall, 1,018 dairy buffaloes, including 603 in Antioquia and 415 in Córdoba, distributed among 11 farms, were assessed in the study. These animals were evaluated using the California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC) to determine the presence of subclinical mastitis (SM). They were considered positive for SM when the results of CMT were higher than traces and SCC was >200,000 cells/mL. Results: The total prevalence of the disease was 7.9%, and microbiological culture was performed on the samples obtained from the SM-positive animals. The main isolated bacterium was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Furthermore, risk factors affecting milking routine, hygiene, and farm facilities were determined. Manual milking, milking in the barn, non-disinfection of milkers' hands, etc., were identified as risk factors for the disease. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first large-scale study of mastitis among buffaloes in Colombia.
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mastitis among Dairy Buffaloes from the Departments of Antioquia and Córdoba, Colombia","authors":"Jhon F. García-Acevedo, Julián D. Tobón, Camilo F. Grisales, Catalina Gómez, J. Fernández-Silva, Nicolás F. Ramírez-Vásquez","doi":"10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mastitis is the most common disease among dairy buffaloes worldwide, and it significantly affects the economic profitability of buffalo farms as well as animal welfare and public health. \u0000Methods: This study was conducted between 2018 and 2019 at the Colombian departments of Antioquia and Córdoba, where 41% of the country’s total buffalo population is concentrated. Overall, 1,018 dairy buffaloes, including 603 in Antioquia and 415 in Córdoba, distributed among 11 farms, were assessed in the study. These animals were evaluated using the California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC) to determine the presence of subclinical mastitis (SM). They were considered positive for SM when the results of CMT were higher than traces and SCC was >200,000 cells/mL. \u0000Results: The total prevalence of the disease was 7.9%, and microbiological culture was performed on the samples obtained from the SM-positive animals. The main isolated bacterium was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Furthermore, risk factors affecting milking routine, hygiene, and farm facilities were determined. Manual milking, milking in the barn, non-disinfection of milkers' hands, etc., were identified as risk factors for the disease. \u0000Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first large-scale study of mastitis among buffaloes in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":36721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Buffalo Science","volume":"53 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.13
M. Toro, G.C. Telera, N. D’Aurelio, F. Sacchini, N. Ferri, E. Rossi, F. Perletta, M. Tittarelli, D. Giansante, F. Massis
Water buffaloes are bred in Europe, Australia, North America, South America, and some African countries. European water buffaloes are all of the river type and are considered to be of the same breed named the Mediterranean water buffalo. This species plays a key role in milk production in Italy. Buffalo breeding for milk production has represented an important economic value in recent years, even in Italian regions where this activity was not historically rooted. Therefore, it is very important to monitor animal health and welfare by performing periodical clinical examinations combined with different hematological and biochemical tests. However, there are few studies regarding these aspects, as well as research aimed at establishing the reference ranges for species. This study aims to define hematological and biochemical parameters in a population of healthy water buffalo in controlled conditions for over a year in Italy.
{"title":"Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Prepubescent Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)","authors":"M. Toro, G.C. Telera, N. D’Aurelio, F. Sacchini, N. Ferri, E. Rossi, F. Perletta, M. Tittarelli, D. Giansante, F. Massis","doi":"10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.13","url":null,"abstract":"Water buffaloes are bred in Europe, Australia, North America, South America, and some African countries. European water buffaloes are all of the river type and are considered to be of the same breed named the Mediterranean water buffalo. This species plays a key role in milk production in Italy. Buffalo breeding for milk production has represented an important economic value in recent years, even in Italian regions where this activity was not historically rooted. Therefore, it is very important to monitor animal health and welfare by performing periodical clinical examinations combined with different hematological and biochemical tests. However, there are few studies regarding these aspects, as well as research aimed at establishing the reference ranges for species. This study aims to define hematological and biochemical parameters in a population of healthy water buffalo in controlled conditions for over a year in Italy.","PeriodicalId":36721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Buffalo Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.12
Khitam Lateaf, Manar Hadi Allawi, Nuha Jameel Akmoosh
This research aims to classify anemia cases in the Iraqi water buffalo population by collecting 140 blood samples from buffaloes in Nasiriyah Governorate pastures. These samples were collected randomly from three age groups: > 1 year, 1-4 years, and < 5 years. Blood sample analysis revealed 45 anemia cases (32.12%) and 95 healthy cases (67.88%). Phenotypic classification of anemia encompassed microcytic hypochromic (12.14%), macrocytic hypochromic (7.85%), normocytic hypochromic (6.42%), and normocytic normochromic (5.71%) cases. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) notably increased in anemic buffaloes, displaying a statistically significant disparity (P< 0.05) compared to healthy counterparts. Anemia cases exhibited higher neutrophil counts in white blood cell relative differentials. For the three age groups, hemoglobin (Hb), packed blood cell volume (PCV), and total red blood cell count (RBC) values indicated significant decreases from normal levels, showcasing statistical significance (P< 0.05) between healthy and anemic buffaloes. While anemia cases generally displayed normal iron concentrations, microcytic anemia demonstrated lower iron levels in the 1-4 and >5 years age groups, with iron levels reaching the minimum global normal range in the <1 year age group. Copper concentrations remained normal in all healthy cases and anemia cases, except for microcytic anemia, which showed reduced levels across age groups.
In conclusion, this study comprehensively characterizes anemia in Iraqi water buffaloes through clinical, hematological, and elemental analyses. The findings underscore the prevalence of various anemia types, their age-related variations, and significant hematological deviations in anemic buffaloes compared to healthy counterparts. This research enhances our understanding of anemias' impact on this population and provides valuable insights for future diagnostic and management strategies.
{"title":"Phenotypic Classification and Clinical Examination of Anemia in Iraqi Water Buffalo in Nasiriyah Governorate","authors":"Khitam Lateaf, Manar Hadi Allawi, Nuha Jameel Akmoosh","doi":"10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.12","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to classify anemia cases in the Iraqi water buffalo population by collecting 140 blood samples from buffaloes in Nasiriyah Governorate pastures. These samples were collected randomly from three age groups: > 1 year, 1-4 years, and < 5 years. Blood sample analysis revealed 45 anemia cases (32.12%) and 95 healthy cases (67.88%). Phenotypic classification of anemia encompassed microcytic hypochromic (12.14%), macrocytic hypochromic (7.85%), normocytic hypochromic (6.42%), and normocytic normochromic (5.71%) cases. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) notably increased in anemic buffaloes, displaying a statistically significant disparity (P< 0.05) compared to healthy counterparts. Anemia cases exhibited higher neutrophil counts in white blood cell relative differentials. For the three age groups, hemoglobin (Hb), packed blood cell volume (PCV), and total red blood cell count (RBC) values indicated significant decreases from normal levels, showcasing statistical significance (P< 0.05) between healthy and anemic buffaloes. While anemia cases generally displayed normal iron concentrations, microcytic anemia demonstrated lower iron levels in the 1-4 and >5 years age groups, with iron levels reaching the minimum global normal range in the <1 year age group. Copper concentrations remained normal in all healthy cases and anemia cases, except for microcytic anemia, which showed reduced levels across age groups.
 In conclusion, this study comprehensively characterizes anemia in Iraqi water buffaloes through clinical, hematological, and elemental analyses. The findings underscore the prevalence of various anemia types, their age-related variations, and significant hematological deviations in anemic buffaloes compared to healthy counterparts. This research enhances our understanding of anemias' impact on this population and provides valuable insights for future diagnostic and management strategies.","PeriodicalId":36721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Buffalo Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.11
Ester B. Flores, Emmanuel Bacual
Background: Ultrasound scanning is a non-invasive technique for evaluating animals based on carcass yield and meat quality traits. It has been incorporated into the beef cattle breeding program. However, little has been done in buffaloes. Thus, this study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters for growth traits- body weights (BW) and a real-time ultrasound scan of eye muscle area (EMA) and rib fat (RF) to determine their suitability as a tool for selection.
Methods: Four hundred thirty-eight (438) male Philippine riverine buffaloes with 1,535 BW records and 417 real-time ultrasound scans of EMA and RF scans at the 12th rib were available for the study. BW was taken and adjusted at birth, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months while RF and EMA scans were taken at 12 & 18 mos. Genetic parameters were estimated with a pedigree-based multi-trait animal model using ASREML software.
Results: The average BW of buffaloes adjusted to 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of age were 135kg, 230.8kg, 323.0kg, 382.7, 453.6, and 502.4kg, respectively. The mean EMA and RF at 12 months were 29.7 cm2 and 3.2mm, respectively. Direct genetic heritabilities were 0.26±0.16, 0.29±0.12, 0.35±0.19 and 0.67±0.32 for birth, BW12mos, EMA12mos and RF12mos, respectively. Maternal genetic heritability for birth weight. was 0.12±0.09. Genetic correlations among traits were positive except between birth and RF.
Conclusions: Results indicate that ultrasound scanning can be used for selection together with BW at 12mos. and suggest that early performance is an excellent predictor of performance at a later age.
{"title":"Direct – Maternal Genetic Parameters Estimated for Real-Time Ultrasound Scan Measures of Eye Muscle Area, Rib Fat Depth, and their Correlation with Body Weight in Male Philippine Riverine Buffaloes","authors":"Ester B. Flores, Emmanuel Bacual","doi":"10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ultrasound scanning is a non-invasive technique for evaluating animals based on carcass yield and meat quality traits. It has been incorporated into the beef cattle breeding program. However, little has been done in buffaloes. Thus, this study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters for growth traits- body weights (BW) and a real-time ultrasound scan of eye muscle area (EMA) and rib fat (RF) to determine their suitability as a tool for selection.
 Methods: Four hundred thirty-eight (438) male Philippine riverine buffaloes with 1,535 BW records and 417 real-time ultrasound scans of EMA and RF scans at the 12th rib were available for the study. BW was taken and adjusted at birth, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months while RF and EMA scans were taken at 12 & 18 mos. Genetic parameters were estimated with a pedigree-based multi-trait animal model using ASREML software.
 Results: The average BW of buffaloes adjusted to 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of age were 135kg, 230.8kg, 323.0kg, 382.7, 453.6, and 502.4kg, respectively. The mean EMA and RF at 12 months were 29.7 cm2 and 3.2mm, respectively. Direct genetic heritabilities were 0.26±0.16, 0.29±0.12, 0.35±0.19 and 0.67±0.32 for birth, BW12mos, EMA12mos and RF12mos, respectively. Maternal genetic heritability for birth weight. was 0.12±0.09. Genetic correlations among traits were positive except between birth and RF.
 Conclusions: Results indicate that ultrasound scanning can be used for selection together with BW at 12mos. and suggest that early performance is an excellent predictor of performance at a later age.","PeriodicalId":36721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Buffalo Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135153703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.10
I. P. Sampurna, T. S. Nindhia, I. K. Suatha
Background: Buffalo is an animal that really likes water. Generally, buffalo like to soak in muddy waters and swamps around the cage. This behavior appears because buffalo have very few sweat glands. Therefore, if one wants to develop buffalo farming, he/she should look for special habitats or existing buffalo breeding centers. Differences in growth rates are caused by physiological factors and functional demands. Growth in animal body size usually follows an exponential function, with the growth rate varying from one body size to another. An animal's body size that functions earlier will grow faster with a greater growth rate than an animal that functions later. Differences in the growth rate of animal body size are also influenced by the constituent components of these body parts. Body parts composed primarily of bone will develop earlier than those composed of muscle or fat. During fattening, the body size of male buffaloes will have a different growth rate, where this difference indicates the potential for body size. The body size of a buffalo with a high growth rate has relatively large growth potential, while those with a small growth rate have small growth potential, or the body part has stopped growing because it has reached its maximum point. The purpose of this study is to determine the body size growth rate of male buffaloes, which have high potential during fattening. Mapping the body size of male buffaloes during fattening aims to help breeders determine at what age the buffaloes start to be fattened and slaughtered for meat production purposes so that they are economically quite profitable. Methodology: Data was collected using a saturated sampling technique, in which the livestock taken were all buffaloes kept by the Sumber Sari Livestock Group in Kalianget village, Seririt District, Buleleng Regency, Bali, which met the requirements in terms of their health and physical condition. The data obtained were analyzed using the power model regression analysis to determine the growth rate of the body size of the buffaloes. To map the growth rate, Biplot analysis was carried out with a Promax rotation of 90, as the variable is the estimated body size of the buffaloes based on the equation of the power regression line, and the object is the age of the male buffaloes. Conclusion: The results showed that the fastest growth rate or the greatest potential was chest width, followed by hip width, chest depth, body length, chest circumference, and shoulder height. At the same time, the slowest part of the lowest potential was the height of the hips. The results of mapping the body size growth rate of male buffalo aged 11-74 months with biplot charts showed that their growth potential was still quite high. However, there was a tendency for male buffalo over 30 months to have a slower growth rate in body size than those under 30 months.
{"title":"Growth Rate and Body Size Mapping of Male Buffaloes during the Fattening Phase","authors":"I. P. Sampurna, T. S. Nindhia, I. K. Suatha","doi":"10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Buffalo is an animal that really likes water. Generally, buffalo like to soak in muddy waters and swamps around the cage. This behavior appears because buffalo have very few sweat glands. Therefore, if one wants to develop buffalo farming, he/she should look for special habitats or existing buffalo breeding centers. Differences in growth rates are caused by physiological factors and functional demands. Growth in animal body size usually follows an exponential function, with the growth rate varying from one body size to another. An animal's body size that functions earlier will grow faster with a greater growth rate than an animal that functions later. Differences in the growth rate of animal body size are also influenced by the constituent components of these body parts. Body parts composed primarily of bone will develop earlier than those composed of muscle or fat. During fattening, the body size of male buffaloes will have a different growth rate, where this difference indicates the potential for body size. The body size of a buffalo with a high growth rate has relatively large growth potential, while those with a small growth rate have small growth potential, or the body part has stopped growing because it has reached its maximum point. The purpose of this study is to determine the body size growth rate of male buffaloes, which have high potential during fattening. Mapping the body size of male buffaloes during fattening aims to help breeders determine at what age the buffaloes start to be fattened and slaughtered for meat production purposes so that they are economically quite profitable. \u0000Methodology: Data was collected using a saturated sampling technique, in which the livestock taken were all buffaloes kept by the Sumber Sari Livestock Group in Kalianget village, Seririt District, Buleleng Regency, Bali, which met the requirements in terms of their health and physical condition. The data obtained were analyzed using the power model regression analysis to determine the growth rate of the body size of the buffaloes. To map the growth rate, Biplot analysis was carried out with a Promax rotation of 90, as the variable is the estimated body size of the buffaloes based on the equation of the power regression line, and the object is the age of the male buffaloes. \u0000Conclusion: The results showed that the fastest growth rate or the greatest potential was chest width, followed by hip width, chest depth, body length, chest circumference, and shoulder height. At the same time, the slowest part of the lowest potential was the height of the hips. The results of mapping the body size growth rate of male buffalo aged 11-74 months with biplot charts showed that their growth potential was still quite high. However, there was a tendency for male buffalo over 30 months to have a slower growth rate in body size than those under 30 months.","PeriodicalId":36721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Buffalo Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44355820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.09
Efraín Chacón-Condori, Wimar Díaz, Carlos Sonabi, Jorge Hinojosa, Luis A. de la Cruz-Cruz, J. Berdugo-Gutiérrez
Purpose of the Study: The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of three deworming methods on body weight gains in buffaloes raised in silvopastoral systems (SPS). Methods: Thirty buffaloes were divided into three groups (ten per group) as follows: 1) Albendazole 10 g + 1.3 g of cobalt sulfate at one week of age and 14 days later; 2) Albendazole 10 g + 1.3 g of cobalt sulfate at one week of age and 14 days later, then at 6 months and 14 days later; 3) Ivermectin 1 g at 30 days of age and then at six months of age. Birth, weaning (9 months), and final (18 months) weight were registered, and daily weight gains were calculated. The McMaster technique was used to evaluate the presence of parasites. Results: The overall prevalence of parasites in the animals evaluated was 93.33%. The most common parasites were: Strongylus sp., Neoascaris sp., Moniezia sp., and Eimeria sp. Before the application of the dewormers, initial values in G1, G2, and G3 were 360, 350, and 210 hpg/opg; after the application of the treatments, 60, 25, and 20 hpg/opg were obtained, respectively. Buffaloes in G2 showed significantly (P=0.046) high final weights (415.10±23.76 kg) compared to G1 (354.80±46.71 kg) but showed no difference with G3 (374.80±43.60k). Conclusion: It is concluded that albendazole at 10 g and a repeat at six months of age can be used in buffalo breeding in SPS, which could help to implement regenerative livestock programs, decreasing the use of Ivermectin.
研究目的:本研究旨在评价三种驱虫方法对银谷系统(SPS)饲养水牛体重增加的影响。方法:30头水牛随机分为3组，每组10头:1)1周龄和14 d后给予阿苯达唑10 g +硫酸钴1.3 g;2)阿苯达唑10 g + 1.3 g硫酸钴，分别在1周龄和14天后，再在6个月和14天后;3)伊维菌素30日龄1 g, 6月龄1 g。记录出生、断奶(9个月)和最终(18个月)体重，并计算每日增重。使用麦克马斯特技术评估寄生虫的存在。结果:调查动物寄生虫总检出率为93.33%。最常见的寄生虫有:圆线虫、新蛔虫、莫尼兹虫和艾美耳虫。施药前，G1、G2和G3初始值分别为360、350和210 hpg/opg;施用后，分别获得60、25和20 hpg/opg。G2组水牛的末重(415.10±23.76 kg)显著高于G1组(354.80±46.71 kg) (P=0.046)，与G3组(374.80±43.60k)无显著差异(P=0.046)。结论:阿苯达唑10 g和6月龄1次可用于SPS水牛养殖，有助于实施家畜再生计划，减少伊维菌素的使用。
{"title":"Evaluation of Three Deworming Methods and their Long-Term Effect on the Weight of Buffaloes Raised in Silvopastoral Systems","authors":"Efraín Chacón-Condori, Wimar Díaz, Carlos Sonabi, Jorge Hinojosa, Luis A. de la Cruz-Cruz, J. Berdugo-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.09","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the Study: The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of three deworming methods on body weight gains in buffaloes raised in silvopastoral systems (SPS). \u0000Methods: Thirty buffaloes were divided into three groups (ten per group) as follows: 1) Albendazole 10 g + 1.3 g of cobalt sulfate at one week of age and 14 days later; 2) Albendazole 10 g + 1.3 g of cobalt sulfate at one week of age and 14 days later, then at 6 months and 14 days later; 3) Ivermectin 1 g at 30 days of age and then at six months of age. Birth, weaning (9 months), and final (18 months) weight were registered, and daily weight gains were calculated. The McMaster technique was used to evaluate the presence of parasites. \u0000Results: The overall prevalence of parasites in the animals evaluated was 93.33%. The most common parasites were: Strongylus sp., Neoascaris sp., Moniezia sp., and Eimeria sp. Before the application of the dewormers, initial values in G1, G2, and G3 were 360, 350, and 210 hpg/opg; after the application of the treatments, 60, 25, and 20 hpg/opg were obtained, respectively. Buffaloes in G2 showed significantly (P=0.046) high final weights (415.10±23.76 kg) compared to G1 (354.80±46.71 kg) but showed no difference with G3 (374.80±43.60k). \u0000Conclusion: It is concluded that albendazole at 10 g and a repeat at six months of age can be used in buffalo breeding in SPS, which could help to implement regenerative livestock programs, decreasing the use of Ivermectin.","PeriodicalId":36721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Buffalo Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45165838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.08
Priyesh Kumar
The present study is the most comprehensive representation of lectin binding sites in various structural components of the lingual tonsil of six adult healthy buffaloes. The study was useful in determining the specific binding affinities of sixteen lectins of the N-acetylglucosamine group, i.e., Triticum vulgaris (WGA), succinylated Triticum vulgaris (s-WGA), Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL), Datura stramonium (DSL), Solanum tuberosum (STL); N-acetylgalactosamine group, i.e., Glycine max (SBA), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Ricinus communis (RCA), Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVL); galactose group i. e Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (GS1B4), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Erythrina crisa-galli (ECL); and glucose/mannose group i.e. Canavalia ensiformis (Con A), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) at structures of the lingual tonsil. The stratum spinosum of stratified squamous epithelium and modified reticular epithelium was strongly demarcated by lectins of the N-acetylglucosamine group. In addition, VVL, jacalin, and Con A lectins also showed strong responses for the same layer. The RCA, PNA, Con A, and PSA were the best markers for the collagen fibers of the subepithelial connective tissue. The lymphoid cells of the inter- and parafollicular region possessed receptors for ECL, WGA, and Con A. In contrast, the germinal center B cells were labeled only by the lectins of the glucose/mannose group. The mucosal secretions and the endothelium of the blood vessels were predominantly composed of glucosamine, sialic acid, and galactosamine sugars. The characteristic localization of lectins suggests the presence of specific receptor sites that may be useful for studying early disease pathogenesis and developing oral vaccines. In addition, the study will provide a database for comparing histochemical changes in different disease states.
{"title":"Differential Expression and Localisation of Acetyl-Glucosamine, Acetyl-Galactosamine, Galactose, Mannose and Glucose Specific Lectins in Lingual Tonsil of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)","authors":"Priyesh Kumar","doi":"10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2023.12.08","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is the most comprehensive representation of lectin binding sites in various structural components of the lingual tonsil of six adult healthy buffaloes. The study was useful in determining the specific binding affinities of sixteen lectins of the N-acetylglucosamine group, i.e., Triticum vulgaris (WGA), succinylated Triticum vulgaris (s-WGA), Lycopersicon esculentum (LEL), Datura stramonium (DSL), Solanum tuberosum (STL); N-acetylgalactosamine group, i.e., Glycine max (SBA), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Ricinus communis (RCA), Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVL); galactose group i. e Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (GS1B4), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Erythrina crisa-galli (ECL); and glucose/mannose group i.e. Canavalia ensiformis (Con A), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) at structures of the lingual tonsil. The stratum spinosum of stratified squamous epithelium and modified reticular epithelium was strongly demarcated by lectins of the N-acetylglucosamine group. In addition, VVL, jacalin, and Con A lectins also showed strong responses for the same layer. The RCA, PNA, Con A, and PSA were the best markers for the collagen fibers of the subepithelial connective tissue. The lymphoid cells of the inter- and parafollicular region possessed receptors for ECL, WGA, and Con A. In contrast, the germinal center B cells were labeled only by the lectins of the glucose/mannose group. The mucosal secretions and the endothelium of the blood vessels were predominantly composed of glucosamine, sialic acid, and galactosamine sugars. The characteristic localization of lectins suggests the presence of specific receptor sites that may be useful for studying early disease pathogenesis and developing oral vaccines. In addition, the study will provide a database for comparing histochemical changes in different disease states.","PeriodicalId":36721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Buffalo Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48095449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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