The development of local food markets has provided a critical economic opportunity for small farms in New England. The collapse of Gulf of Maine groundfish stocks has motivated an interest in developing similar marketing opportunities for wild-caught, locally abundant seafood. Institutions, particularly schools and colleges, have been identified as a strategic entry point in the supply chain for such products. However, there has been a dearth of research on this topic. We undertake a case study that evaluates purchases of local groundfish by schools and colleges in New England. First, we analyze recently developed secondary data to assess the propensity and frequency of local seafood purchases. We find that local seafood purchases by schools in New England are not widespread even among the subset of schools that are undertaking farm to school activities, and that schools that are purchasing local seafood are doing so infrequently. We also find that colleges have been more proactive in sourcing local seafood products. There is a high degree of state-level variation within New England, as institutions in states with relatively more prominent commercial fishing sectors are sourcing local seafood products to a relatively greater degree. Further, colleges explicitly expressed that technical assistance in sourcing sustainable seafood products would be most beneficial in regions where there was less available supply. Second, to draw further inferences about the sustainability of local seafood purchases, we report the results of seafood procurement procedures from New England colleges. We find that these colleges source a wide variety of local groundfish principally for on-campus dining and that they place high value on seafood certification schemes as guidance for making sustainable purchases. We conclude by reviewing how data collection methods for local agricultural markets could be modified with regard to seafood distribution systems. This research article is available in Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics: https://cbe.miis.edu/joce/vol5/iss1/2
{"title":"Missing the Boat? Measuring and Evaluating Local Groundfish Purchases by New England Institutions","authors":"J. K. O’Hara, Loren McClenachan","doi":"10.15351/2373-8456.1087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1087","url":null,"abstract":"The development of local food markets has provided a critical economic opportunity for small farms in New England. The collapse of Gulf of Maine groundfish stocks has motivated an interest in developing similar marketing opportunities for wild-caught, locally abundant seafood. Institutions, particularly schools and colleges, have been identified as a strategic entry point in the supply chain for such products. However, there has been a dearth of research on this topic. We undertake a case study that evaluates purchases of local groundfish by schools and colleges in New England. First, we analyze recently developed secondary data to assess the propensity and frequency of local seafood purchases. We find that local seafood purchases by schools in New England are not widespread even among the subset of schools that are undertaking farm to school activities, and that schools that are purchasing local seafood are doing so infrequently. We also find that colleges have been more proactive in sourcing local seafood products. There is a high degree of state-level variation within New England, as institutions in states with relatively more prominent commercial fishing sectors are sourcing local seafood products to a relatively greater degree. Further, colleges explicitly expressed that technical assistance in sourcing sustainable seafood products would be most beneficial in regions where there was less available supply. Second, to draw further inferences about the sustainability of local seafood purchases, we report the results of seafood procurement procedures from New England colleges. We find that these colleges source a wide variety of local groundfish principally for on-campus dining and that they place high value on seafood certification schemes as guidance for making sustainable purchases. We conclude by reviewing how data collection methods for local agricultural markets could be modified with regard to seafood distribution systems. This research article is available in Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics: https://cbe.miis.edu/joce/vol5/iss1/2","PeriodicalId":36763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41745038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarina F Lyon, Nathaniel H Merrill, Kate K Mulvaney, Marisa J Mazzotta
Each year, millions of Americans visit beaches for recreation, resulting in significant social welfare benefits and economic activity. Considering the high use of coastal beaches for recreation, closures due to bacterial contamination have the potential to greatly impact coastal visitors and communities. We used readily-available information to develop two transferable models that, together, provide estimates for the value of a beach day as well as the lost value due to a beach closure. We modeled visitation for beaches in Barnstable, Massachusetts on Cape Cod through panel regressions to predict visitation by type of day, for the season, and for lost visits when a closure was posted. We used a meta-analysis of existing studies conducted throughout the United States to estimate a consumer surplus value of a beach visit of around $22 for our study area, accounting for water quality at beaches by using past closure history. We applied this value through a benefit transfer to estimate the value of a beach day, and combined it with lost town revenue from parking to estimate losses in the event of a closure. The results indicate a high value for beaches as a public resource and show significant losses to the town when beaches are closed due to an exceedance in bacterial concentrations.
{"title":"Valuing Coastal Beaches and Closures Using Benefit Transfer: An Application to Barnstable, Massachusetts.","authors":"Sarina F Lyon, Nathaniel H Merrill, Kate K Mulvaney, Marisa J Mazzotta","doi":"10.15351/2373-8456.1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Each year, millions of Americans visit beaches for recreation, resulting in significant social welfare benefits and economic activity. Considering the high use of coastal beaches for recreation, closures due to bacterial contamination have the potential to greatly impact coastal visitors and communities. We used readily-available information to develop two transferable models that, together, provide estimates for the value of a beach day as well as the lost value due to a beach closure. We modeled visitation for beaches in Barnstable, Massachusetts on Cape Cod through panel regressions to predict visitation by type of day, for the season, and for lost visits when a closure was posted. We used a meta-analysis of existing studies conducted throughout the United States to estimate a consumer surplus value of a beach visit of around $22 for our study area, accounting for water quality at beaches by using past closure history. We applied this value through a benefit transfer to estimate the value of a beach day, and combined it with lost town revenue from parking to estimate losses in the event of a closure. The results indicate a high value for beaches as a public resource and show significant losses to the town when beaches are closed due to an exceedance in bacterial concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":36763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6104649/pdf/nihms974541.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36431800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheri L Jewhurst, Kate K Mulvaney, Marisa J Mazzotta
In managing water quality in U.S. estuaries, as well as throughout ocean and coastal governance, there is an increasing call for economic research to communicate the values of environmental resources to local communities, policy makers, and other stakeholders. Watershed managers implement economic studies to: 1) better communicate the value of estuarine resources to the wider community, 2) determine the most cost-effective management actions, and 3) compare the costs and benefits of actions to improve water quality. In order to better understand how economic studies are applied and their usefulness in coastal management, we interviewed managers from six National Estuary Programs (NEPs) and two watershed organizations that have undertaken economic studies, focusing on the lessons learned from the use of those studies. Economic studies can provide insights to managers and stakeholders about the implications of management actions or lack of action. Although economic research can offer a common language and framework, estimating economic values of policy changes to estuaries is a complex process requiring careful implementation in terms of methodology and scale as well as in the presentation and application of findings (Pendleton 2010). The findings from our interviews highlight the utility and limitations of economic analyses for coastal management and may help coastal managers to determine the most appropriate economic approaches to suit their needs and to avoid some of the pitfalls faced by other managers in conducting and communicating economic analyses. Additionally, our findings may help economists understand the needs of estuary managers, and help them better provide economic research that can contribute effectively to coastal management.
{"title":"The Application and Usefulness of Economic Analyses for Water Quality Management in Coastal Areas.","authors":"Sheri L Jewhurst, Kate K Mulvaney, Marisa J Mazzotta","doi":"10.15351/2373-8456.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1079","url":null,"abstract":"In managing water quality in U.S. estuaries, as well as throughout ocean and coastal governance, there is an increasing call for economic research to communicate the values of environmental resources to local communities, policy makers, and other stakeholders. Watershed managers implement economic studies to: 1) better communicate the value of estuarine resources to the wider community, 2) determine the most cost-effective management actions, and 3) compare the costs and benefits of actions to improve water quality. In order to better understand how economic studies are applied and their usefulness in coastal management, we interviewed managers from six National Estuary Programs (NEPs) and two watershed organizations that have undertaken economic studies, focusing on the lessons learned from the use of those studies. \u0000 \u0000Economic studies can provide insights to managers and stakeholders about the implications of management actions or lack of action. Although economic research can offer a common language and framework, estimating economic values of policy changes to estuaries is a complex process requiring careful implementation in terms of methodology and scale as well as in the presentation and application of findings (Pendleton 2010). The findings from our interviews highlight the utility and limitations of economic analyses for coastal management and may help coastal managers to determine the most appropriate economic approaches to suit their needs and to avoid some of the pitfalls faced by other managers in conducting and communicating economic analyses. Additionally, our findings may help economists understand the needs of estuary managers, and help them better provide economic research that can contribute effectively to coastal management.","PeriodicalId":36763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5812690/pdf/nihms932173.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35843560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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