Pub Date : 2023-11-29eCollection Date: 2023-11-01DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2023-07-05
Keith Grimwood, Kevin B Laupland
{"title":"Can microbiologists and infectious diseases physicians contribute to the management of bronchiectasis? A view from Down Under.","authors":"Keith Grimwood, Kevin B Laupland","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2023-07-05","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2023-07-05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"8 3","pages":"161-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10697096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29eCollection Date: 2023-11-01DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2023-05-08
Christian Renaud, Andrea Osborn, Elizabeth Jane Parmley, Todd F Hatchette, J LeBlanc, Jeffrey Scott Weese, Vikram Misra, Deborah Yamamura, Sarah Forgie, Shane Renwick, Duncan Webster, Samira Mubareka
Canada experienced a wave of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in the spring of 2022 with millions of wild and farmed birds being infected. Seabird mortalities in Canada have been particularly severe on the Atlantic Coast over the summer of 2022. Over 7 million birds have been culled in Canada, and outbreaks continue to profoundly affect commercial bird farms across the world. This new H5N1 virus can and has infected multiple mammalian species, including skunks, foxes, bears, mink, seals, porpoises, sea lions, and dolphins. Viruses with mammalian adaptations such as the mutations PB2-E627K, E627V, and D701N were found in the brain of various carnivores in Europe and Canada. To date this specific clade of H5N1 virus has been identified in less than 10 humans. At the ground level, awareness should be raised among frontline practitioners most likely to encounter patients with HPAI.
{"title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza: Unprecedented outbreaks in Canadian wildlife and domestic poultry.","authors":"Christian Renaud, Andrea Osborn, Elizabeth Jane Parmley, Todd F Hatchette, J LeBlanc, Jeffrey Scott Weese, Vikram Misra, Deborah Yamamura, Sarah Forgie, Shane Renwick, Duncan Webster, Samira Mubareka","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2023-05-08","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2023-05-08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canada experienced a wave of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in the spring of 2022 with millions of wild and farmed birds being infected. Seabird mortalities in Canada have been particularly severe on the Atlantic Coast over the summer of 2022. Over 7 million birds have been culled in Canada, and outbreaks continue to profoundly affect commercial bird farms across the world. This new H5N1 virus can and has infected multiple mammalian species, including skunks, foxes, bears, mink, seals, porpoises, sea lions, and dolphins. Viruses with mammalian adaptations such as the mutations PB2-E627K, E627V, and D701N were found in the brain of various carnivores in Europe and Canada. To date this specific clade of H5N1 virus has been identified in less than 10 humans. At the ground level, awareness should be raised among frontline practitioners most likely to encounter patients with HPAI.</p>","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"8 3","pages":"187-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10697099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29eCollection Date: 2023-11-01DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2023-05-31
Joan L Robinson, Jesse Papenburg
The introduction of nirsevimab (a respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] monoclonal antibody that can protect for minimum 5 months with a single dose) and RSV maternal vaccines to protect young infants has the potential to dramatically decrease RSV hospitalizations in Canada. However, there remain many unanswered questions before optimal use of these products can be assured.
{"title":"The rapidly changing landscape of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis.","authors":"Joan L Robinson, Jesse Papenburg","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2023-05-31","DOIUrl":"10.3138/jammi-2023-05-31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of nirsevimab (a respiratory syncytial virus [RSV] monoclonal antibody that can protect for minimum 5 months with a single dose) and RSV maternal vaccines to protect young infants has the potential to dramatically decrease RSV hospitalizations in Canada. However, there remain many unanswered questions before optimal use of these products can be assured.</p>","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"8 3","pages":"165-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10697103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer Curran, Catherine Mulhall, Ruxandra Pinto, Mohamed Bucheeri, Nick Daneman
Background: We sought to systematically review the existing research on pyogenic liver abscesses to determine what data exist on antibiotic treatment durations. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of contemporary medical literature from 2000 to 2020, searching for studies of pyogenic liver abscesses. The primary outcome of interest was mean antibiotic treatment duration, which we pooled by random-effects meta-analysis. Meta-regression was performed to examine characteristics influencing antibiotic durations. Results: Sixteen studies (of 3,933 patients) provided sufficient data on antibiotic durations for pooling in meta-analysis. Mean antibiotic durations were highly variable across studies, from 8.4±5.3 to 68.9±30.3 days. The pooled mean treatment duration was 32.7 days (95% CI 24.9 to 40.6 days), but heterogeneity was very high ( I 2 = 100%). In meta-regression, there was a non-significant trend towards decreased mean antibiotic treatment durations over later study years (−1.14 days/study year, 95% CI −2.74, +0.45, p = 0.16). Mean treatment duration was not associated with mean age of participants, percentage of infections caused by Klebsiella spp., percentage of patients with abscesses over 5 cm in diameter, percentage of patients with multiple abscesses, and percentage of patients receiving medical management. No randomized trials have compared treatment durations for pyogenic liver abscess, and no observational studies have reported outcomes according to treatment duration. Conclusions: Among studies reporting on antibiotic durations for pyogenic liver abscess, treatment practices are highly variable. This variability does not seem to be explained by differences in patient, pathogen, abscess, or management characteristics. Future RCTs are needed to guide optimal treatment duration for patients with this complex infection.
背景:我们试图系统地回顾现有的关于化脓性肝脓肿的研究，以确定抗生素治疗持续时间的数据。方法:我们对2000年至2020年的当代医学文献进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，寻找有关化脓性肝脓肿的研究。主要终点是平均抗生素治疗时间，我们通过随机效应荟萃分析汇总了这些数据。meta回归分析了影响抗生素持续时间的特征。结果:16项研究(3,933例患者)提供了足够的抗生素持续时间数据，用于荟萃分析。各研究的平均抗生素持续时间差异很大，从8.4±5.3天到68.9±30.3天不等。合并平均治疗时间为32.7天(95% CI 24.9 ~ 40.6天)，但异质性非常高(i2 = 100%)。在meta回归中，在随后的研究年中，平均抗生素治疗持续时间减少的趋势不显著(- 1.14天/研究年，95% CI - 2.74， +0.45, p = 0.16)。平均治疗时间与参与者的平均年龄、克雷伯氏菌感染的百分比、直径大于5厘米的脓肿患者的百分比、多发脓肿患者的百分比以及接受医疗管理的患者的百分比无关。没有随机试验比较化脓性肝脓肿的治疗时间，也没有观察性研究报告治疗时间的结果。结论:在报告化脓性肝脓肿的抗生素持续时间的研究中，治疗方法变化很大。这种差异似乎不能用患者、病原体、脓肿或治疗特点的差异来解释。需要未来的随机对照试验来指导这种复杂感染患者的最佳治疗时间。
{"title":"Antibiotic treatment durations for pyogenic liver abscesses: A systematic review","authors":"Jennifer Curran, Catherine Mulhall, Ruxandra Pinto, Mohamed Bucheeri, Nick Daneman","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jammi-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We sought to systematically review the existing research on pyogenic liver abscesses to determine what data exist on antibiotic treatment durations. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of contemporary medical literature from 2000 to 2020, searching for studies of pyogenic liver abscesses. The primary outcome of interest was mean antibiotic treatment duration, which we pooled by random-effects meta-analysis. Meta-regression was performed to examine characteristics influencing antibiotic durations. Results: Sixteen studies (of 3,933 patients) provided sufficient data on antibiotic durations for pooling in meta-analysis. Mean antibiotic durations were highly variable across studies, from 8.4±5.3 to 68.9±30.3 days. The pooled mean treatment duration was 32.7 days (95% CI 24.9 to 40.6 days), but heterogeneity was very high ( I 2 = 100%). In meta-regression, there was a non-significant trend towards decreased mean antibiotic treatment durations over later study years (−1.14 days/study year, 95% CI −2.74, +0.45, p = 0.16). Mean treatment duration was not associated with mean age of participants, percentage of infections caused by Klebsiella spp., percentage of patients with abscesses over 5 cm in diameter, percentage of patients with multiple abscesses, and percentage of patients receiving medical management. No randomized trials have compared treatment durations for pyogenic liver abscess, and no observational studies have reported outcomes according to treatment duration. Conclusions: Among studies reporting on antibiotic durations for pyogenic liver abscess, treatment practices are highly variable. This variability does not seem to be explained by differences in patient, pathogen, abscess, or management characteristics. Future RCTs are needed to guide optimal treatment duration for patients with this complex infection.","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sexually transmitted and blood borne infection (STBBI) testing is recommended for people who are incarcerated (PWAI). We sought to determine the rate of STBBI testing during admissions to provincial correctional institutions in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Methods: This retrospective cohort study collected the identification of all admissions records in provincial correctional facilities in NL between July 1, 2020 and June 31, 2021 using the Provincial Corrections Offender Maintenance System database. Admissions to provincial detention centers were excluded. Records were linked with STBBI results, when available, within the electronic medical record (Meditech) using demographics. Testing rates, STBBI positivity rates, and univariate analysis of predictors for STBBI testing were completed. Results: Of the 1,824 admissions identified, 1,716 were available for linkage to laboratory results. Admissions to detention centers ( n = 105) were excluded. Any STBBI test result was available for 72 (4.5%) of admissions. No admission had complete testing for all STBBI. Facility testing rates ranged from 1.9 to 11.2% and 37.5% of STBBI tests had any positive results. Sixteen out of the 21 (76.2%) hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positives received HCV RNA testing, and 11/16 (88.8%) were HCV RNA positive. Institution ( p = 0.001) and sex ( p = 0.004) were found to be significant predictors of STBBI testing, while age was not significant ( p = 0.496). Conclusions: STBBI testing rates were low in provincial correctional facilities in NL, and STBBI prevalence, especially for HCV, was high among those tested. Strategies to increase the rate of testing could contribute to STBBI control in corrections facilities.
{"title":"Retrospective review of rates of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infection (STBBI) testing in provincial corrections facilities in Newfoundland and Labrador","authors":"Cindy Whitten, Alison Turner, Brittany Howell, Brooklyn Sparkes, Rosemary Ricciardelli, Peter Daley","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jammi-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sexually transmitted and blood borne infection (STBBI) testing is recommended for people who are incarcerated (PWAI). We sought to determine the rate of STBBI testing during admissions to provincial correctional institutions in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Methods: This retrospective cohort study collected the identification of all admissions records in provincial correctional facilities in NL between July 1, 2020 and June 31, 2021 using the Provincial Corrections Offender Maintenance System database. Admissions to provincial detention centers were excluded. Records were linked with STBBI results, when available, within the electronic medical record (Meditech) using demographics. Testing rates, STBBI positivity rates, and univariate analysis of predictors for STBBI testing were completed. Results: Of the 1,824 admissions identified, 1,716 were available for linkage to laboratory results. Admissions to detention centers ( n = 105) were excluded. Any STBBI test result was available for 72 (4.5%) of admissions. No admission had complete testing for all STBBI. Facility testing rates ranged from 1.9 to 11.2% and 37.5% of STBBI tests had any positive results. Sixteen out of the 21 (76.2%) hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positives received HCV RNA testing, and 11/16 (88.8%) were HCV RNA positive. Institution ( p = 0.001) and sex ( p = 0.004) were found to be significant predictors of STBBI testing, while age was not significant ( p = 0.496). Conclusions: STBBI testing rates were low in provincial correctional facilities in NL, and STBBI prevalence, especially for HCV, was high among those tested. Strategies to increase the rate of testing could contribute to STBBI control in corrections facilities.","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135208133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin B Laupland, Kelsey Pasquill, Lisa Steele, Elizabeth C Parfitt
Background: There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of Morganella-Proteus-Providencia (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of MPP group bloodstream infections (BSI), and explore species-specific differences. Methods: Population-based surveillance was conducted in the western interior of British Columbia, Canada, between April 1, 2010 and March 30, 2020. Results: Sixty-two incident MPP group BSI occurred for an annual incidence of 3.4 per 100,000 residents; rates for Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, and Providencia species were 0.5, 2.6, and 0.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The median year of age was 72.5 and was different ( p = 0.03) among the groups. Most (92%) MPP group BSIs were of community-onset. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of clinical focus of infection, with most notably 81% of P. mirabilis BSI due to genitourinary focus as compared to 60% and 22% for Providencia species and M. morganii, respectively. Comorbid illnesses that increased the risk for development of MPP group BSI (incidence rate ratio; 95% CI) were HIV infection (37.0; 4.4–139.6), dementia (11.5; 6.1–20.7), cancer (6.4; 3.2–11.9), stroke 6.5 (2.8–13.3), and diabetes 2.7 (1.3–5.0). Thirteen, one, and none of the cases with P. mirabilis, M. morganii, and Providencia species BSI died within 30 days of index culture for respective all cause case-fatalities of 27%, 11%, and 0% ( p = 0.1). Conclusions: Although collectively responsible for a substantial burden of illness, the epidemiology of MPP group BSI varies significantly by species.
{"title":"Population-based study of <i>Morganella-Proteus-Providencia</i> group bloodstream infections","authors":"Kevin B Laupland, Kelsey Pasquill, Lisa Steele, Elizabeth C Parfitt","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2022-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jammi-2022-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of Morganella-Proteus-Providencia (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of MPP group bloodstream infections (BSI), and explore species-specific differences. Methods: Population-based surveillance was conducted in the western interior of British Columbia, Canada, between April 1, 2010 and March 30, 2020. Results: Sixty-two incident MPP group BSI occurred for an annual incidence of 3.4 per 100,000 residents; rates for Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, and Providencia species were 0.5, 2.6, and 0.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The median year of age was 72.5 and was different ( p = 0.03) among the groups. Most (92%) MPP group BSIs were of community-onset. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of clinical focus of infection, with most notably 81% of P. mirabilis BSI due to genitourinary focus as compared to 60% and 22% for Providencia species and M. morganii, respectively. Comorbid illnesses that increased the risk for development of MPP group BSI (incidence rate ratio; 95% CI) were HIV infection (37.0; 4.4–139.6), dementia (11.5; 6.1–20.7), cancer (6.4; 3.2–11.9), stroke 6.5 (2.8–13.3), and diabetes 2.7 (1.3–5.0). Thirteen, one, and none of the cases with P. mirabilis, M. morganii, and Providencia species BSI died within 30 days of index culture for respective all cause case-fatalities of 27%, 11%, and 0% ( p = 0.1). Conclusions: Although collectively responsible for a substantial burden of illness, the epidemiology of MPP group BSI varies significantly by species.","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135208134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kwadwo Mponponsuo, Yamini Murthy, Jamil Kanji, Alain Tremblay, Daniyal Khan, John Conly, Ranjani Somayaji
Co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 remain relatively rare and there is limited published data on the consequences of these events. We present the case of a 26-year-old man with SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus OC43 who had a severe infection resulting in prolonged hospitalization. Consideration of co-infections should be considered in high-risk patients.
{"title":"Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with human coronavirus OC43 in a patient with underlying lung disease: A case report","authors":"Kwadwo Mponponsuo, Yamini Murthy, Jamil Kanji, Alain Tremblay, Daniyal Khan, John Conly, Ranjani Somayaji","doi":"10.3138/jammi-2022-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/jammi-2022-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 remain relatively rare and there is limited published data on the consequences of these events. We present the case of a 26-year-old man with SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus OC43 who had a severe infection resulting in prolonged hospitalization. Consideration of co-infections should be considered in high-risk patients.","PeriodicalId":36782,"journal":{"name":"JAMMI","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135208112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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