Having analyzed the main approaches to measuring the level of democracy, the author convincingly shows that significant attention in such methods is paid to elections as one of the key attributes, indicators and catalysts of democracy, but there are no separate scientific tools for measuring the level of democratic elections. The author concludes that, by analogy, it is possible to develop a scientific toolkit for determining the level of democratic elections. The author introduces the concept of the "Index of democratic elections", which has a three-level structure: the first level – is democratic principles of elections; the second level – is indicators of democratic elections; and the third level – is components of indicators of democratic elections. The author's method of calculating the level of democratic elections is relative in nature and is defined as the ratio between the ideal model of democratic elections and the existing model of a specific election campaign. The author's proposed method of calculating the level of democratic elections involves taking into account both the state of electoral legislation and the features of electoral practice and can be effectively used to measure the level of democratic elections in transitional (transit) democracies.
{"title":"PECULIARITIES AND PROBLEMS OF MEASURING THE LEVEL OF DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS","authors":"M. Buchyn","doi":"10.46763/bssr2321105b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr2321105b","url":null,"abstract":"Having analyzed the main approaches to measuring the level of democracy, the author convincingly shows that significant attention in such methods is paid to elections as one of the key attributes, indicators and catalysts of democracy, but there are no separate scientific tools for measuring the level of democratic elections. The author concludes that, by analogy, it is possible to develop a scientific toolkit for determining the level of democratic elections. The author introduces the concept of the \"Index of democratic elections\", which has a three-level structure: the first level – is democratic principles of elections; the second level – is indicators of democratic elections; and the third level – is components of indicators of democratic elections. The author's method of calculating the level of democratic elections is relative in nature and is defined as the ratio between the ideal model of democratic elections and the existing model of a specific election campaign. The author's proposed method of calculating the level of democratic elections involves taking into account both the state of electoral legislation and the features of electoral practice and can be effectively used to measure the level of democratic elections in transitional (transit) democracies.","PeriodicalId":36799,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Social Science Review","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80564352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to examine the professional standards of journalists in Albania and Kosovo to determine the relevance of Hallin and Mancini's media system in the age of digital journalism and social media. This is because the media system continues to be an important analytical tool for understanding the fundamental characteristics of national media and comparing media sectors across countries. A qualitative method was utilized to elucidate this, with semi-structured interviews performed with 22 television and digital journalism editors and journalists, as well as social media managers in Albania and Kosovo. The findings indicate that although television stations continue to target traditional audiences using professional journalism standards, journalists in digital journalism and social media compromise on professional standards to give the public what they want. Although Hallin and Mancini’s media system as an analytical framework for evaluating media models remains useful, the criteria for evaluating them should be changed in light of changes in the media environment over the last two decades.
{"title":"REVISITING HALLIN AND MANCINI'S MEDIA MODEL: ALBANIA AND KOSOVO","authors":"Hasan Saliu, Ardita Reçi, Gazmend Abrashi","doi":"10.46763/bssr2321235s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr2321235s","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the professional standards of journalists in Albania and Kosovo to determine the relevance of Hallin and Mancini's media system in the age of digital journalism and social media. This is because the media system continues to be an important analytical tool for understanding the fundamental characteristics of national media and comparing media sectors across countries. A qualitative method was utilized to elucidate this, with semi-structured interviews performed with 22 television and digital journalism editors and journalists, as well as social media managers in Albania and Kosovo. The findings indicate that although television stations continue to target traditional audiences using professional journalism standards, journalists in digital journalism and social media compromise on professional standards to give the public what they want. Although Hallin and Mancini’s media system as an analytical framework for evaluating media models remains useful, the criteria for evaluating them should be changed in light of changes in the media environment over the last two decades.","PeriodicalId":36799,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Social Science Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82022930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Albania, a major constitutional reform took place in 2016 that aimed at strengthening the independence and accountability of the judiciary and had, as its main pillar, the vetting process for judges and prosecutors. Other major interventions were ratified following the constitutional amendments that aimed at securing speedy procedures before the courts. Therefore, amendments to the Code of Civil Procedure were envisaged and introduced a mechanism to give impetus to accelerating the judicial proceedings. This article will mainly address the effectiveness of this instrument and the behavior of the courts towards claims based on that mechanism. This analysis will be conducted in the current setting of the Albanian judiciary which is facing a considerable backlog of cases. Through an analytical approach and examination of jurisprudence, the authors suggest that this mechanism is designed to work in a normal situation where courts are adequately equipped with human resources, both judges and aiding staff.
{"title":"A PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO THE ALBANIAN MECHANISM FOR VIOLATION OF REASONABLE LENGTH REQUIREMENT IN JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS","authors":"Jonida Rystemaj, Asim Vokshi","doi":"10.46763/bssr2321045r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr2321045r","url":null,"abstract":"In Albania, a major constitutional reform took place in 2016 that aimed at strengthening the independence and accountability of the judiciary and had, as its main pillar, the vetting process for judges and prosecutors. Other major interventions were ratified following the constitutional amendments that aimed at securing speedy procedures before the courts. Therefore, amendments to the Code of Civil Procedure were envisaged and introduced a mechanism to give impetus to accelerating the judicial proceedings. This article will mainly address the effectiveness of this instrument and the behavior of the courts towards claims based on that mechanism. This analysis will be conducted in the current setting of the Albanian judiciary which is facing a considerable backlog of cases. Through an analytical approach and examination of jurisprudence, the authors suggest that this mechanism is designed to work in a normal situation where courts are adequately equipped with human resources, both judges and aiding staff.","PeriodicalId":36799,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Social Science Review","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87223132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE CONSTITUTIONAL CHARACTER OF THE ECHR: OVERVIEW, CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATION AND LIMITATIONS","authors":"V. Stefanovska","doi":"10.46763/bssr2220027s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr2220027s","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36799,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Social Science Review","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76997452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE CULTURE OF COMMUNICATIVE PARTICIPATION OF YOUTH IN POLAND, ARMENIA AND RUSSIA FOR THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: RESEARCH RESULTS","authors":"M. Pevnaya, G. Bannykh, A. Tarasova","doi":"10.46763/bssr2220181p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr2220181p","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36799,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Social Science Review","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76931800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COPYRIGHT PROTECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS PUBLISHED ON SOCIAL MEDIA THROUGH THE COURT PRACTICE IN NORTH MACEDONIA","authors":"Ana Pepeljugoska, Angela Jankoska","doi":"10.46763/bssr2219007p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr2219007p","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36799,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Social Science Review","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73728588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INVOLVEMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT BOARD IN PRIVATE LAW PRE-BANKRUPTCY RELATIONS","authors":"L. Mastilovič, Davor Trlin","doi":"10.46763/bssr2220061m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr2220061m","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36799,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Social Science Review","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74814843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"STANDARD OF PROOF AND RUSSIAN PROCEDURE LAW: UNKNOWN OR WELL-KNOWN?","authors":"N. Sidorova, N. Platonova, I. Vasilyev","doi":"10.46763/bssr2219089s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr2219089s","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36799,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Social Science Review","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83579214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IMPACT OF CHANGE OF MANDATORY RULES FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS","authors":"Vaidas Jurkevičius, Greta Vaidilaite","doi":"10.46763/bssr2219025j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46763/bssr2219025j","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36799,"journal":{"name":"Balkan Social Science Review","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87133563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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