This study aims to address the limitations of traditional Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) in managing safety and reliability within complex systems characterized by interdependent critical factors. We propose an integrated framework that combines FMEA with the strategic decision-making principles of Game Theory, thereby enhancing the assessment and mitigation of risks in intricate environments. The novel inclusion of the Best Worst Method (BWM) and Pythagorean fuzzy uncertain linguistic variables refines the accuracy of risk evaluation by overcoming the inherent deficiencies of conventional FMEA approaches. Through sensitivity analysis, the framework’s efficacy in identifying and prioritizing failure modes is empirically validated, guiding the development of targeted interventions. The practical application of our methodology is demonstrated in a comprehensive healthcare system analysis, showcasing its versatility and significant potential to improve operational safety and reliability across various sectors. This research is particularly beneficial for systems engineers, risk managers, and decision-makers seeking to fortify complex systems against failures and their effects.
{"title":"Enhancing System Safety and Reliability through Integrated FMEA and Game Theory: A Multi-Factor Approach","authors":"Mohammad Yazdi","doi":"10.3390/safety10010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10010004","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to address the limitations of traditional Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) in managing safety and reliability within complex systems characterized by interdependent critical factors. We propose an integrated framework that combines FMEA with the strategic decision-making principles of Game Theory, thereby enhancing the assessment and mitigation of risks in intricate environments. The novel inclusion of the Best Worst Method (BWM) and Pythagorean fuzzy uncertain linguistic variables refines the accuracy of risk evaluation by overcoming the inherent deficiencies of conventional FMEA approaches. Through sensitivity analysis, the framework’s efficacy in identifying and prioritizing failure modes is empirically validated, guiding the development of targeted interventions. The practical application of our methodology is demonstrated in a comprehensive healthcare system analysis, showcasing its versatility and significant potential to improve operational safety and reliability across various sectors. This research is particularly beneficial for systems engineers, risk managers, and decision-makers seeking to fortify complex systems against failures and their effects.","PeriodicalId":36827,"journal":{"name":"Safety","volume":"266 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Carvalhais, Ricardo Dias, Carla Costa, Manuela V. Silva
The implementation of a safety culture and awareness of emergency issues in buildings has been growing in more developed societies. It is essential that all occupants know how to act in an emergency situation, particularly during an emergency evacuation. In higher education institutions (HEIs), which annually host not only their many employees, but also national and international students, it is essential to know and understand the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors that the academic community demonstrates in this matter. This study aimed to characterize the perception of occupants regarding safety, specifically in the emergency evacuation phase, within the academic community of an HEI. In this observational cross-sectional study, data on general knowledge and attitudes regarding safety and actions during emergency situations were collected through an anonymous questionnaire targeting students, faculty, and non-teaching staff, which was sent via institutional email. Valid responses were received from 392 participants and then scored and assessed on different domains. The results obtained showed that, despite a reasonable average regarding the general level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the occupants on the subject, the community falls somewhat short in terms of training. It is noteworthy that approximately 64% of the sample has never received awareness or training related to emergency evacuation, and around 68% are unaware of the location of their institution’s meeting/gathering point. Finally, by identifying the most common gaps, namely the training dimension, some simple measures could be improved, such as the dissemination of safety instructions accessible through QR codes placed in strategic locations or even conducting small drills during class sessions, as well as learning with simulation concerning different scenarios of emergency.
{"title":"General Knowledge and Attitudes about Safety and Emergency Evacuation: The Case of a Higher Education Institution","authors":"Carlos Carvalhais, Ricardo Dias, Carla Costa, Manuela V. Silva","doi":"10.3390/safety10010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10010003","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of a safety culture and awareness of emergency issues in buildings has been growing in more developed societies. It is essential that all occupants know how to act in an emergency situation, particularly during an emergency evacuation. In higher education institutions (HEIs), which annually host not only their many employees, but also national and international students, it is essential to know and understand the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors that the academic community demonstrates in this matter. This study aimed to characterize the perception of occupants regarding safety, specifically in the emergency evacuation phase, within the academic community of an HEI. In this observational cross-sectional study, data on general knowledge and attitudes regarding safety and actions during emergency situations were collected through an anonymous questionnaire targeting students, faculty, and non-teaching staff, which was sent via institutional email. Valid responses were received from 392 participants and then scored and assessed on different domains. The results obtained showed that, despite a reasonable average regarding the general level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the occupants on the subject, the community falls somewhat short in terms of training. It is noteworthy that approximately 64% of the sample has never received awareness or training related to emergency evacuation, and around 68% are unaware of the location of their institution’s meeting/gathering point. Finally, by identifying the most common gaps, namely the training dimension, some simple measures could be improved, such as the dissemination of safety instructions accessible through QR codes placed in strategic locations or even conducting small drills during class sessions, as well as learning with simulation concerning different scenarios of emergency.","PeriodicalId":36827,"journal":{"name":"Safety","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Muhayat, Rizki Dwi Ardika, Andi M. Kadir, E. P. Budiana, Triyono Triyono
Aluminum alloy is crucial for lightweight and fuel-efficient vehicles due to its strength, lightness, and corrosion resistance. However, welding aluminum vehicle parts poses challenges, particularly porosity issues caused by trapped hydrogen gas in the weld metal. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the welding room environment on the health and properties of aluminum welding joints. To achieve this, an isolated room was created, where variations in airflow velocity (1.1 m/s, 1.6 m/s, and 2.1 m/s) and temperature (19 °C, 27 °C, and 35 °C) were implemented. The fume condition of the room was assessed to determine its impact on health aspects, while bead appearance and macrostructure were evaluated to assess weld joint quality. Results revealed that higher airflow velocity and temperature reduced fume concentration in the welding room, indicating a healthier environment. However, these conditions also led to increased porosity defects and influenced the performance of the shielding gas. Additionally, higher ambient temperatures increased hydrogen solubility in the molten aluminum, exacerbating porosity issues. For optimal welder comfort and high-quality weld joints, it is recommended to maintain a low temperature and airflow velocity in the welding room, ensuring a healthier working environment while minimizing porosity defects.
铝合金具有强度高、重量轻和耐腐蚀的特点，对于轻型节油汽车至关重要。然而，铝制汽车零件的焊接也带来了挑战，尤其是焊接金属中残留的氢气造成的气孔问题。本研究旨在调查焊接室环境对铝焊接接头健康和性能的影响。为此，我们创建了一个隔离室，气流速度（1.1 米/秒、1.6 米/秒和 2.1 米/秒）和温度（19 °C、27 °C 和 35 °C）在这里发生变化。对室内烟雾条件进行评估，以确定其对健康方面的影响，同时对焊缝外观和宏观结构进行评估，以确定焊缝质量。结果显示，较高的气流速度和温度降低了焊接室中的烟尘浓度，表明环境更加健康。然而，这些条件也会导致气孔缺陷增加，并影响保护气体的性能。此外，较高的环境温度增加了铝熔液中的氢溶解度，加剧了气孔问题。为了使焊工获得最佳的舒适度和高质量的焊点，建议在焊接室内保持较低的温度和气流速度，以确保更健康的工作环境，同时最大限度地减少气孔缺陷。
{"title":"Simultaneous Enhancement of Welder Health and Aluminum Weld Joint Quality Using Controlled Welding Room Condition","authors":"N. Muhayat, Rizki Dwi Ardika, Andi M. Kadir, E. P. Budiana, Triyono Triyono","doi":"10.3390/safety10010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10010002","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum alloy is crucial for lightweight and fuel-efficient vehicles due to its strength, lightness, and corrosion resistance. However, welding aluminum vehicle parts poses challenges, particularly porosity issues caused by trapped hydrogen gas in the weld metal. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the welding room environment on the health and properties of aluminum welding joints. To achieve this, an isolated room was created, where variations in airflow velocity (1.1 m/s, 1.6 m/s, and 2.1 m/s) and temperature (19 °C, 27 °C, and 35 °C) were implemented. The fume condition of the room was assessed to determine its impact on health aspects, while bead appearance and macrostructure were evaluated to assess weld joint quality. Results revealed that higher airflow velocity and temperature reduced fume concentration in the welding room, indicating a healthier environment. However, these conditions also led to increased porosity defects and influenced the performance of the shielding gas. Additionally, higher ambient temperatures increased hydrogen solubility in the molten aluminum, exacerbating porosity issues. For optimal welder comfort and high-quality weld joints, it is recommended to maintain a low temperature and airflow velocity in the welding room, ensuring a healthier working environment while minimizing porosity defects.","PeriodicalId":36827,"journal":{"name":"Safety","volume":"52 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Level 3 automated driving systems could introduce challenges to traffic systems as they require a specific lead time in their procedures to ensure the safe return of vehicle control to the driver. These processes, called ’transitions of control’, may particularly pose complications in accelerating traffic flows when regulations mandate control transitions due to an operational speed limitation of 60 km/h as established in recent certification processes based on UNECE regulations from 2021. To investigate these concerns, we conducted a comprehensive simulation study to examine potential safety implications arising from control transitions within mixed-autonomy traffic. The simulation results indicate adverse safety impacts due to increased safety-relevant interactions between vehicles caused by transitions of control in dynamic traffic flow conditions. Our findings also reveal that those effects could become stronger once string unstable ACC controllers are deployed as well.
{"title":"Control Transitions in Level 3 Automation: Safety Implications in Mixed-Autonomy Traffic","authors":"Robert Alms, Peter Wagner","doi":"10.3390/safety10010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/safety10010001","url":null,"abstract":"Level 3 automated driving systems could introduce challenges to traffic systems as they require a specific lead time in their procedures to ensure the safe return of vehicle control to the driver. These processes, called ’transitions of control’, may particularly pose complications in accelerating traffic flows when regulations mandate control transitions due to an operational speed limitation of 60 km/h as established in recent certification processes based on UNECE regulations from 2021. To investigate these concerns, we conducted a comprehensive simulation study to examine potential safety implications arising from control transitions within mixed-autonomy traffic. The simulation results indicate adverse safety impacts due to increased safety-relevant interactions between vehicles caused by transitions of control in dynamic traffic flow conditions. Our findings also reveal that those effects could become stronger once string unstable ACC controllers are deployed as well.","PeriodicalId":36827,"journal":{"name":"Safety","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social and economic changes in Southeast Asia have caused significant changes to Vietnam’s national emergency management structure, including expanding the role of firefighters from firefighting to rescue activities in various situations. It is essential to develop methods for designing exercises to identify and address the gaps in competencies related to the new roles assigned to Vietnamese firefighters. This study aimed to develop a quantitative method to effectively arrange exercise injects. It applies the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of response actions in functional exercises and uses comparison methods to establish the relationship between the weights of the action types, players’ capability targets, and disaster types. The results indicate that the action type weights change when the disaster type changes, whereas the capability weights within each action type remain constant. In this study, we developed a method to adjust the exercise structure based on response action weights and to optimize the number of injects that represent each action type. This innovative approach holds great significance in exercise design, increasing the likelihood of achieving the exercise capability targets, not only in Vietnam, but also in other countries.
{"title":"Improving Functional Exercises Based on Experts’ Evaluation Weights for Emergency Responses","authors":"Hung Le Tien, Nam Pham Van, Takaaki Kato","doi":"10.3390/safety9040092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/safety9040092","url":null,"abstract":"Social and economic changes in Southeast Asia have caused significant changes to Vietnam’s national emergency management structure, including expanding the role of firefighters from firefighting to rescue activities in various situations. It is essential to develop methods for designing exercises to identify and address the gaps in competencies related to the new roles assigned to Vietnamese firefighters. This study aimed to develop a quantitative method to effectively arrange exercise injects. It applies the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of response actions in functional exercises and uses comparison methods to establish the relationship between the weights of the action types, players’ capability targets, and disaster types. The results indicate that the action type weights change when the disaster type changes, whereas the capability weights within each action type remain constant. In this study, we developed a method to adjust the exercise structure based on response action weights and to optimize the number of injects that represent each action type. This innovative approach holds great significance in exercise design, increasing the likelihood of achieving the exercise capability targets, not only in Vietnam, but also in other countries.","PeriodicalId":36827,"journal":{"name":"Safety","volume":"24 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Papini, Umair Iqbal, Johan Barthelemy, Christian Ritz
Increasing women’s active participation in economic, educational, and social spheres requires ensuring safe public transport environments. This study investigates the potential of machine learning-based models in addressing behaviours impacting the safety perception of women commuters. Specifically, we conduct a comprehensive review of the existing literature concerning the utilisation of deep learning models for identifying anti-social behaviours in public spaces. Employing a scoping review methodology, our study synthesises the current landscape, highlighting both the advantages and challenges associated with the automated detection of such behaviours. Additionally, we assess available video and audio datasets suitable for training detection algorithms in this context. The findings not only shed light on the feasibility of leveraging deep learning for recognising anti-social behaviours but also provide critical insights for researchers, developers, and transport operators. Our work aims to facilitate future studies focused on the development and implementation of deep learning models, enhancing safety for all passengers in public transportation systems.
{"title":"The Role of Deep Learning Models in the Detection of Anti-Social Behaviours towards Women in Public Transport from Surveillance Videos: A Scoping Review","authors":"M. Papini, Umair Iqbal, Johan Barthelemy, Christian Ritz","doi":"10.3390/safety9040091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/safety9040091","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing women’s active participation in economic, educational, and social spheres requires ensuring safe public transport environments. This study investigates the potential of machine learning-based models in addressing behaviours impacting the safety perception of women commuters. Specifically, we conduct a comprehensive review of the existing literature concerning the utilisation of deep learning models for identifying anti-social behaviours in public spaces. Employing a scoping review methodology, our study synthesises the current landscape, highlighting both the advantages and challenges associated with the automated detection of such behaviours. Additionally, we assess available video and audio datasets suitable for training detection algorithms in this context. The findings not only shed light on the feasibility of leveraging deep learning for recognising anti-social behaviours but also provide critical insights for researchers, developers, and transport operators. Our work aims to facilitate future studies focused on the development and implementation of deep learning models, enhancing safety for all passengers in public transportation systems.","PeriodicalId":36827,"journal":{"name":"Safety","volume":"57 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao, Natthaporn Hantanong, Thanapong Champahom, Chamroeun Se, V. Ratanavaraha
Preventing near-miss incidents is considered a proactive measure, as it aims to prevent events that have a risk of resulting in accidents. This is regarded as a vital component of building a sustainable and secure society within communities. In the present day, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often experience the highest fatality rates from motorcycle accidents, which frequently involve mixed traffic scenarios with other vehicles. The distinct physical characteristics and environmental conditions of roads in urban and rural areas significantly contribute to different riding behaviors. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a behavioral model related to near-miss incidents among motorcycle riders in both urban and rural regions using multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM). Data collected from six Thai regions via adapted MRBQ assessed control errors, violations, and safety equipment use in a sample of 2002 riders (1066 urban, 936 rural). Through parameter invariance testing, differences in factor loadings, intercepts, and structural paths were identified between urban and rural areas. All three of these factors significantly influenced near-miss incidents among motorcycle riders in both urban and rural areas. The policy recommendations resulting from this study can contribute to enhancing safety measures for motorcycle riders.
{"title":"Analyzing Near-Miss Incidents and Risky Riding Behavior in Thailand: A Comparative Study of Urban and Rural Areas","authors":"Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao, Natthaporn Hantanong, Thanapong Champahom, Chamroeun Se, V. Ratanavaraha","doi":"10.3390/safety9040090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/safety9040090","url":null,"abstract":"Preventing near-miss incidents is considered a proactive measure, as it aims to prevent events that have a risk of resulting in accidents. This is regarded as a vital component of building a sustainable and secure society within communities. In the present day, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often experience the highest fatality rates from motorcycle accidents, which frequently involve mixed traffic scenarios with other vehicles. The distinct physical characteristics and environmental conditions of roads in urban and rural areas significantly contribute to different riding behaviors. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a behavioral model related to near-miss incidents among motorcycle riders in both urban and rural regions using multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM). Data collected from six Thai regions via adapted MRBQ assessed control errors, violations, and safety equipment use in a sample of 2002 riders (1066 urban, 936 rural). Through parameter invariance testing, differences in factor loadings, intercepts, and structural paths were identified between urban and rural areas. All three of these factors significantly influenced near-miss incidents among motorcycle riders in both urban and rural areas. The policy recommendations resulting from this study can contribute to enhancing safety measures for motorcycle riders.","PeriodicalId":36827,"journal":{"name":"Safety","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hertanto, Dadan Erwandi, Baiduri Widanarko, M. Tejamaya
Throughout 2019–2021, there was a considerable rise in total work accident cases in Indonesia, increasing from 210,789 to 234,370. According to the location of the incident, accident cases in the workplace also escalated from 139,999 to 144,929. The purpose of this study was to measure the maturity level of the safety climate at Company X in Indonesia and analyze its relationship with safety behavior. This was a quantitative study on a total of 200 respondents using a questionnaire as the data collection method. A structured questionnaire was used to capture the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, the safety climate, and safety behavior. Respondents participated in this study by responding to the items in the questionnaire distributed. The findings of this study indicated that the maturity level of the safety climate at Company X was at the adequate level with a very strong relationship between the sub-dimensional variables and safety climate. The relationship between safety climate and safety behavior was quite strong. This study emphasized that an increase in the level of safety climate could improve safety behavior. Therefore, increasing safety climate level is effective to reduce the incidence of occupational accidents.
在整个2019-2021年期间，印度尼西亚的工伤事故案例总数大幅上升，从210,789起增加到234,370起。本研究旨在衡量印度尼西亚 X 公司安全氛围的成熟度，并分析其与安全行为之间的关系。本研究采用问卷调查作为数据收集方法，共对 200 名受访者进行了定量研究。采用结构化问卷调查受访者的社会人口特征、安全氛围和安全行为。受访者通过回答分发的调查问卷中的项目参与了本研究。研究结果表明，X 公司的安全氛围成熟度处于适当水平，各子维度变量与安全氛围之间的关系非常密切。安全氛围与安全行为之间的关系相当密切。本研究强调，提高安全氛围水平可以改善安全行为。因此，提高安全氛围水平可有效降低职业事故的发生率。
{"title":"Relationship between Safety Climate and Safety Behavior in Company X in Indonesia","authors":"A. Hertanto, Dadan Erwandi, Baiduri Widanarko, M. Tejamaya","doi":"10.3390/safety9040089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/safety9040089","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout 2019–2021, there was a considerable rise in total work accident cases in Indonesia, increasing from 210,789 to 234,370. According to the location of the incident, accident cases in the workplace also escalated from 139,999 to 144,929. The purpose of this study was to measure the maturity level of the safety climate at Company X in Indonesia and analyze its relationship with safety behavior. This was a quantitative study on a total of 200 respondents using a questionnaire as the data collection method. A structured questionnaire was used to capture the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, the safety climate, and safety behavior. Respondents participated in this study by responding to the items in the questionnaire distributed. The findings of this study indicated that the maturity level of the safety climate at Company X was at the adequate level with a very strong relationship between the sub-dimensional variables and safety climate. The relationship between safety climate and safety behavior was quite strong. This study emphasized that an increase in the level of safety climate could improve safety behavior. Therefore, increasing safety climate level is effective to reduce the incidence of occupational accidents.","PeriodicalId":36827,"journal":{"name":"Safety","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Road accidents are a leading cause of death in Thailand, with increasing fatalities. Despite road safety campaigns during holidays, consistent communication is lacking in daily life. This research aimed to create Line application stickers, a top chat platform for Thailand, using the participatory design (PD) approach. PD was implemented in two steps. Firstly, 100 participants outlined character types, moods, tones, and communication objectives. They recommended lively animal characters with diverse texts, such as greetings, work, travel, and emotions. Then, through a focus group, the tortoise was identified to represent cautious drivers who follow traffic rules, the rabbit to represent fast and risky drivers, and the zebra to represent vigilant and disciplined traffic police officers as characters for Line stickers. Subsequently, using the semiotics approach, 40 Line stickers were designed, and embedded with denotative and connotative road safety messages. Secondly, feedback from the focus group, integral to the PD process, led to refinements. After launching, a survey of 50 users showed “Benefits Received”, “Text and Messages”, and “Meaning” dimensions received “Very Satisfied/Strongly Agree” ratings. The “Character” dimension received a “Satisfied” rating. The results for “Benefits Received” can also be analyzed in the context of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) theory, which revealed that K and A were at the highest level, while P was at a high level. This suggests that the Line stickers designed in this study effectively conveyed road safety messages to the receivers. This research constitutes the pioneering exploration within the realm of Line stickers concerning road safety, signifying the originality and unique contribution of our research to the existing body of knowledge in this domain. The PD process in this research can serve as a guideline for creating safety-promoting media in diverse fields.
{"title":"Going beyond Chat: Designing Connotative Meaningful Line Stickers to Promote Road Safety in Thailand through Participatory Design","authors":"Thawatphong Phithak, Pawanrat Surasangprasert, Sorachai Kamollimsakul","doi":"10.3390/safety9040087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/safety9040087","url":null,"abstract":"Road accidents are a leading cause of death in Thailand, with increasing fatalities. Despite road safety campaigns during holidays, consistent communication is lacking in daily life. This research aimed to create Line application stickers, a top chat platform for Thailand, using the participatory design (PD) approach. PD was implemented in two steps. Firstly, 100 participants outlined character types, moods, tones, and communication objectives. They recommended lively animal characters with diverse texts, such as greetings, work, travel, and emotions. Then, through a focus group, the tortoise was identified to represent cautious drivers who follow traffic rules, the rabbit to represent fast and risky drivers, and the zebra to represent vigilant and disciplined traffic police officers as characters for Line stickers. Subsequently, using the semiotics approach, 40 Line stickers were designed, and embedded with denotative and connotative road safety messages. Secondly, feedback from the focus group, integral to the PD process, led to refinements. After launching, a survey of 50 users showed “Benefits Received”, “Text and Messages”, and “Meaning” dimensions received “Very Satisfied/Strongly Agree” ratings. The “Character” dimension received a “Satisfied” rating. The results for “Benefits Received” can also be analyzed in the context of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) theory, which revealed that K and A were at the highest level, while P was at a high level. This suggests that the Line stickers designed in this study effectively conveyed road safety messages to the receivers. This research constitutes the pioneering exploration within the realm of Line stickers concerning road safety, signifying the originality and unique contribution of our research to the existing body of knowledge in this domain. The PD process in this research can serve as a guideline for creating safety-promoting media in diverse fields.","PeriodicalId":36827,"journal":{"name":"Safety","volume":"54 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous research has delved into the effectiveness of Mobile Photo Enforcement (MPE) in curbing speed violations and enhancing road safety. This present study extends this investigation to explore the potential influence of MPE deployment efforts on subsequent collision occurrences. Specifically, the research team applied survival analysis techniques to examine the connection between MPE deployment variables and the duration between collisions. K-M survival estimates were employed to assess the survivability of classified groups, categorized based on deployment hours, visits, the ratio of hours to visits, and traffic count. The findings illuminated that the ratio of hours to visits emerged as the most impactful variable in prolonging the time interval between collisions and diminishing the likelihood of collisions. Notably, the anticipated reduction in collision hazards, signifying the occurrence of collisions, exhibited variations ranging from 22% to 52%. The most substantial decreases were observed when deployment occurred in high-traffic locations. These outcomes reinforce the positive impact of deployed MPE hours and visits in extending the duration between consecutive collisions, thus reducing the risk of collision occurrences.
{"title":"Linking Deployment Outcomes to Program Impacts for Mobile Photo Enforcement","authors":"Samaa Agina, Faeze Momeni Rad, Karim El-Basyouny","doi":"10.3390/safety9040088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/safety9040088","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has delved into the effectiveness of Mobile Photo Enforcement (MPE) in curbing speed violations and enhancing road safety. This present study extends this investigation to explore the potential influence of MPE deployment efforts on subsequent collision occurrences. Specifically, the research team applied survival analysis techniques to examine the connection between MPE deployment variables and the duration between collisions. K-M survival estimates were employed to assess the survivability of classified groups, categorized based on deployment hours, visits, the ratio of hours to visits, and traffic count. The findings illuminated that the ratio of hours to visits emerged as the most impactful variable in prolonging the time interval between collisions and diminishing the likelihood of collisions. Notably, the anticipated reduction in collision hazards, signifying the occurrence of collisions, exhibited variations ranging from 22% to 52%. The most substantial decreases were observed when deployment occurred in high-traffic locations. These outcomes reinforce the positive impact of deployed MPE hours and visits in extending the duration between consecutive collisions, thus reducing the risk of collision occurrences.","PeriodicalId":36827,"journal":{"name":"Safety","volume":"35 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：