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Portrayals of threatened needs and human virtue: a review of the content of eudaimonic entertainment 对受威胁的需求和人类美德的描绘:对幸福娱乐内容的回顾
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2022.2130811
Anneke de Graaf, E. Das
ABSTRACT The present review examines whether commonalities and differences can be detected in the content of eudaimonic entertainment. We focused on two features: the fundamental human needs that were threatened, and the specific virtues that were portrayed. The results showed that the examined materials often included a combination of portrayals of threats to the fundamental human needs for safety, health and relatedness, and portrayals of the virtue of humanity, like love and kindness. Two subcategories could be distinguished in the materials, one in which the focus is on the portrayal of virtue as an answer to threatened needs, and one in which the focus is on the portrayal of threatened needs in which characters struggle even though they also have virtue.
摘要:本文旨在探讨是否可以在快乐娱乐的内容中发现共性和差异性。我们专注于两个特征:受到威胁的人类基本需求,以及被描绘的特定美德。结果表明,被检查的材料通常包括对人类安全、健康和关系等基本需求的威胁的描述,以及对人性美德的描述,如爱和善良。在这些材料中可以区分出两个子类别,其中一个关注的是将美德作为对受到威胁的需求的回应,另一个关注的是对受到威胁的需求的描述其中人物虽然也有美德,但仍在挣扎。
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引用次数: 1
COVID-19, the media, and communication scholarship: adequate concepts for the crisis or a crisis of concepts? COVID-19、媒体与传播学:应对危机的充分概念还是概念危机?
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2022.2143393
S. Scherr, F. Arendt
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic sparked a tremendous interest in the scienti fi c com-munity that not only massively increased scienti fi c output in general (see ‘ paperdemic ’ ; Valencise et al., 2022; see Lin & Nan, 2022 speci fi cally for Communication). Across the board, some claimed that these publications also included ‘ faster ’ case reports, comments, editorials, or letters to the editor (Carvalho et al., 2020) that simultaneously represent the lowest levels of the evidence pyramid with a higher risk of bias (Murad et al., 2016). In Communication, special issues have tackled speci fi c aspects of the global pandemic (e.g. Nan & Thompson, 2021; Ratzan, 2020), and in this special issue of the Annals of the ICA, we aimed at taking the current COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to re fl ect upon key concepts in Communication. In fast-paced times like these, it seemed relevant to us to take a step back and re fl ect on whether the most prominent concepts in Communication were, are, and will be helpful to not only address the current challenges still posed by COVID-19, but also future crises. The four peer-reviewed papers featured in this special issue address important conceptual take-aways from past experiences and provide a perspective for the future taking COVID-19 as an opportunity to re fl ect about core concepts in communication across the fi eld ’ s subdisciplines. In the fi rst paper (alphabetical order), Holbert et al. discuss the COVID-19 pandemic against the backdrop of four conceptually di ff erent, theoretically relevant boundary conditions that are highly informative for theory building. Holbert et al. fi rst introduce external vs. internal as
冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行引发了科学界的巨大兴趣,不仅在总体上大幅增加了科学产出(见“paperdemic”;Valencise et al., 2022;参见Lin & Nan, 2022,专门用于通信)。总体而言,一些人声称这些出版物还包括“更快”的病例报告、评论、社论或给编辑的信(Carvalho et al., 2020),同时代表了证据金字塔的最低水平,具有更高的偏见风险(Murad et al., 2016)。在传播方面,专题讨论了全球大流行病的具体方面(例如,Nan & Thompson, 2021年;Ratzan, 2020年),在本期《国际通信协会年鉴》特刊中,我们旨在以当前的COVID-19大流行为契机,反思传播中的关键概念。在这样一个快节奏的时代,我们似乎有必要退后一步,反思传播学中最突出的概念是否不仅有助于应对COVID-19仍然构成的当前挑战,而且有助于应对未来的危机。本期特刊中刊载的四篇同行评议论文阐述了从过去经验中获得的重要概念,并为未来提供了一个视角,以2019冠状病毒病为契机,反思该领域各分支学科交流中的核心概念。在第一篇论文(按字母顺序排列)中,Holbert等人在四个概念不同但理论上相关的边界条件的背景下讨论了COVID-19大流行,这些边界条件对理论构建具有很高的信息性。Holbert等人首先介绍了外部和内部as
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引用次数: 0
Reflections on open scholarship in response to Bowman et al. (2022) 对鲍曼等人(2022)对开放学术的反思
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2022.2130813
R. Holbert
I appreciate the work undertaken to better understand the fi eld ’ s penchants, proclivities, and pertur-bations concerning open scholarship. There is much to consider, and it is wise for the fi eld to give careful thought to the full range of potential e ff ects (intended v unintended, positive v negative) stemming from a shift in how scholars go about their business of generating knowledge. In a former life, I earned a Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree from Syracuse University ’ s Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public A ff airs. As a result, I look at the open scholarship debate as a conversation about a change in policy. Inherent in any new policy are some relative advantages (which is why it is being put forward) and some relative weaknesses. Proponents of a change tend to prioritize and overempha-size a new policy ’ s strengths. As a result, a multitude of unintended negative consequences become evident only after the new policy is enacted. In addition, a discarding of the old policy means that some of its relative advantages will no longer be available to those who need to adhere to the new policy. This combination of gains and losses generates ambivalence, and it seems this is the current cognitive state of the fi eld regarding open scholarship. I take this ambivalence as a good sign that indicates the fi eld is not walking blindly into what could be a momentous change. Maxwell ’ s MPA program also taught me that any new policy will play itself out based on the values that serve as a foundation for its enactment. Values such as transparency, accessibility, control, equity, and replicability are part of the current debate over what should be prioritized when deciding how best to generate knowledge. Many of these values are incompatible with one another. For example, accessibility as a value is promoted through advocating for published works becoming open access. However, securing open access status for peer-reviewed journal pub-lications is not being enacted in a manner that is equitable. I am in favor of more scholarship being made
我很欣赏为更好地理解该领域对开放学术的偏好、倾向和不安所做的工作。有很多事情需要考虑,对于这个领域来说,仔细考虑学者们如何从事他们的知识创造业务的转变所产生的各种潜在影响(有意的还是无意的,积极的还是消极的)是明智的。在过去的生活中,我获得了雪城大学麦克斯韦公民与公共事务学院的公共管理硕士学位。因此,我把公开奖学金辩论视为一场关于政策变化的对话。任何新政策都有一些相对的优点(这也是提出新政策的原因)和一些相对的缺点。变革的支持者倾向于优先考虑并过分强调新政策的优势。因此,只有在新政策实施之后,许多意想不到的负面后果才会显现出来。此外,抛弃旧政策意味着它的一些相对优势将不再适用于那些需要坚持新政策的人。这种得失的结合产生了矛盾的心理,这似乎是目前该领域对开放奖学金的认知状态。我认为这种矛盾心理是一个好迹象,表明该领域并没有盲目地进入可能发生重大变化的领域。麦克斯韦的MPA项目也教会了我,任何新政策都将以作为其制定基础的价值观为基础。透明度、可及性、可控性、公平性和可复制性等价值观是当前关于在决定如何最好地产生知识时应优先考虑什么的争论的一部分。这些价值观中有许多是互不相容的。例如,可访问性作为一种价值是通过倡导已发表的作品成为开放获取来促进的。然而,确保同行评审期刊出版物的开放获取地位并没有以公平的方式制定。我赞成设立更多的奖学金
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引用次数: 0
Political leadership in transboundary crises, responsibility attributions, and the role of the media: a synthesis of previous research and theoretical extension 跨界危机中的政治领导、责任归因和媒体的作用:前人研究的综合和理论延伸
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2022.2120520
Elisabeth Wagner-Olfermann
ABSTRACT With the increasing frequency of transboundary crises in the twenty-first century – examples from the past are the financial crisis, the migration crisis and the current coronavirus pandemic – the need for political leadership beyond national borders is growing. As public visibility is an essential leadership resource with regard to transboundary leadership, the question arises of how media construct and thus legitimize political leadership in transboundary crises. The basic theoretical assumption is that perceived leadership in a transboundary crisis results from publicly observable processes of attributing responsibility beyond geographical and hierarchical boundaries. Consequently, a tool for capturing attribution statements, their senders and addressees as well as their reasoning in the media coverage is presented.
随着21世纪跨境危机日益频繁——过去的例子包括金融危机、移民危机和当前的冠状病毒大流行——对超越国界的政治领导的需求日益增长。由于公众知名度是跨界领导的重要领导资源,因此出现了媒体如何在跨界危机中构建并从而使政治领导合法化的问题。基本的理论假设是,在跨国界危机中,感知到的领导力来自于超越地理和等级界限的责任归因的公开观察过程。因此,提出了一种工具,用于捕获归因陈述,其发件人和收件人以及他们在媒体报道中的推理。
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引用次数: 1
Indexing theory during an emerging health crisis: how U.S. TV news indexed elite perspectives and amplified COVID-19 misinformation 新出现的健康危机中的索引理论:美国电视新闻如何索引精英观点并放大COVID-19错误信息
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2022.2120521
Ashley Muddiman, Ceren Budak, Caroline C. Murray, Yujin Kim, N. Stroud
ABSTRACT This paper applies indexing theory to test whether U.S. television news about COVID-19 covered misinformed elite viewpoints and whether indexing patterns were consistent across networks. We extend theory by investigating an emerging crisis where information was in flux. We conducted a content analysis of U.S. broadcast and cable news coverage of two COVID-19 issues: masks and disinfectants/UV light. Coverage responded to changes in health institution guidance related to mask wearing, but: (a) mentioning partisan elites was related to misleading content, (b) at times mentioning health institutions was related to decreased inclusion of correct information, and (c) at times patterns of indexing differed across networks. Findings suggest that indexing practices may encourage misinformation spread during emerging crises, especially on partisan news.
摘要:本文运用索引理论检验美国电视新闻关于COVID-19的报道是否报道了错误的精英观点,以及网络间的索引模式是否一致。我们通过调查信息不断变化的新兴危机来扩展理论。我们对美国广播和有线电视新闻报道的两个COVID-19问题进行了内容分析:口罩和消毒剂/紫外线灯。覆盖范围响应了卫生机构关于戴口罩的指导的变化,但是:(a)提到党派精英与误导性内容有关,(b)有时提到卫生机构与正确信息的收录减少有关,(c)有时不同网络的索引模式不同。研究结果表明,索引做法可能会在新出现的危机中鼓励错误信息的传播,尤其是在党派新闻中。
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引用次数: 0
How communication scholars see open scholarship 传播学学者如何看待开放学术
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2022.2108880
N. Bowman, E. M. Rinke, Eun-Ju Lee, Robin L. Nabi, Claes H. de Vreese
ABSTRACT While perspectives on open scholarship practices (OSPs) in Communication are noted in editorials and position papers, as a discipline we lack data-driven insights into how the larger community understands, feels about, engages in, and supports OSPs – insights that could inform current conversations about OSPs in Communication and document how the field shifts in response to ongoing discourses around OS in the current moment. A mixed-methodological survey of International Communication Association members (N = 330) suggested widespread familiarity with and support for some OSPs, but less engagement with them. In open-ended responses, respondents expressed several concerns, including reservations about unclear standards, presumed incompatibility with scholarly approaches, fears of a misuse of shared materials, and perceptions of a toxic culture surrounding open scholarship.
虽然关于传播学开放学术实践(oss)的观点在社论和立场文件中得到了注意,但作为一门学科,我们缺乏数据驱动的见解,以了解更大的社区如何理解、感受、参与和支持oss——这些见解可以为当前关于传播学开放学术实践的对话提供信息,并记录该领域如何响应当前围绕OS的持续话语而发生变化。对国际传播协会成员(N = 330)进行的一项混合方法调查表明,人们普遍熟悉和支持一些osp,但与它们的接触较少。在开放式的回答中,受访者表达了一些担忧,包括对不明确的标准的保留意见,与学术方法的假定不兼容,对滥用共享材料的恐惧,以及对围绕开放学术的有毒文化的看法。
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引用次数: 3
Not so open science 不是开放的科学
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2022.2130814
J. Fox
ABSTRACT Bowman et al. (2022. How communication scholars see open scholarship. Annals of the International Communication Association, 46(3)) present a survey of ICA members regarding open science beliefs, attitudes, and practices. Rather than an inquiry on open scholarship, it provides a replication of psychology’s approach to open science in content, execution, and reporting. I apply the ethical, inclusive research framework (EIRF) and re-analyze the data, critiquing the inclusiveness and validity of the current survey. Suggestions are offered regarding consent practices, survey design, and open data in future surveys. I close with provocations for ICA regarding their continued pursuit of a problematic open science paradigm.
鲍曼等人(2022)。传播学学者如何看待开放学术。《国际传播协会年鉴》,46(3))对国际传播协会成员关于开放科学的信念、态度和实践进行了调查。它不是对开放学术的调查,而是在内容、执行和报告方面复制心理学对开放科学的方法。我运用伦理,包容性研究框架(EIRF),重新分析数据,批评当前调查的包容性和有效性。就同意实践、调查设计和未来调查中的开放数据提出了建议。最后,我对ICA的挑衅是关于他们继续追求有问题的开放科学范式。
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引用次数: 0
Media representations of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants: a meta-analysis of research 难民、寻求庇护者和移民的媒体表征:研究的元分析
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2022.2096663
Soomin Seo, Sezgi Başak Kavakli
ABSTRACT Media representation of refugees, asylum seekers, and immigrants has emerged as an important area of research. This study offers a systematic overview of the objects and key characteristics of the field. We analyse 119 scholarly articles collected from the EBSCO database. Our results show that research activity has increased dramatically since 2010. However, this increase was not equally distributed; countries that have received the largest numbers of refugees were often among the least studied. Qualitative approaches outnumbered quantitative approaches, and print rather than TV or online outlets remained the preferred media type. Analysis shows an utter lack of research outside the European and North American contexts and highlights the need for more comparative and longitudinal studies.
媒体对难民、寻求庇护者和移民的报道已经成为一个重要的研究领域。本研究提供了该领域的对象和关键特征的系统概述。我们分析了从EBSCO数据库中收集的119篇学术文章。我们的研究结果显示,自2010年以来,研究活动急剧增加。然而,这种增长并不是平均分布的;接收最多难民的国家往往是被研究最少的国家。定性方法的数量超过了定量方法,印刷而不是电视或在线媒体仍然是首选的媒体类型。分析表明,欧洲和北美以外的研究完全缺乏,并强调需要更多的比较和纵向研究。
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引用次数: 1
Self-transformation online through alternative presentations of self: a review, critique, and call for research 通过自我的另类表现进行在线自我转化:回顾、批评和研究呼吁
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2022.2096662
J. Walther, Z. Lew
ABSTRACT Communication technologies such as text-based chat, blogs, virtual reality, and avatars allow people to present deviations from their offline personality or appearance, causing changes to their personality perceptions and social behavior. This review of self-transformation through online self-presentation explores two major paradigms – the discursive approach and the embodiment approach – in terms of the theories on which they draw. It also examines differences and inconsistencies within and between these paradigms with respect to six factors that different studies suggest as critical for self-transformation. It reviews empirical research examining these critical factors, and provides a roadmap for future research testing competing explanations and their generality or specificity across digital platforms.
文字聊天、博客、虚拟现实和虚拟化身等通信技术使人们能够呈现出与线下个性或外表的偏差,从而改变他们的个性感知和社会行为。本文通过对网络自我呈现的自我转化的回顾,探讨了两种主要的范式——话语方法和体现方法——以及它们所借鉴的理论。它还考察了这些范式内部和范式之间的差异和不一致之处,这些差异和不一致之处涉及不同研究认为对自我转化至关重要的六个因素。它回顾了检验这些关键因素的实证研究,并为未来的研究提供了路线图,以测试相互竞争的解释及其在数字平台上的普遍性或特殊性。
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引用次数: 1
Pandemic as boundary condition in service to communication theory building 流行病作为边界条件服务于传播理论建设
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23808985.2022.2108878
R. Holbert, Elizabeth S. Baik, Meghnaa Tallapragada, Bruce W. Hardy, C. Tolan, Heather L. LaMarre
ABSTRACT The coronavirus pandemic is a unique context that can allow researchers to address boundary conditions. This essay details four different types of boundary conditions and emphasizes they are not created equal. A review of pandemic-related research published in nine communication journals reveals a relative dearth of studies exploring moderation-based effects, with even fewer of the proposed conditional relationships stemming from pandemic-driven rationales. A series of pandemic-as-boundary condition arguments are offered for three theories or models used within the field’s extant pandemic-related research. The proposed insights offered by a pandemic-as-boundary-condition approach are shown to be unique accompaniments to the field’s dominant research agendas. The essay closes with a call for a more systematic approach to identifying, testing, and assessing boundary conditions .
冠状病毒大流行是一个独特的背景,可以让研究人员解决边界条件。本文详细介绍了四种不同类型的边界条件,并强调它们不是生来平等的。对发表在九种传播期刊上的与大流行相关的研究的回顾表明,探索基于适度影响的研究相对缺乏,而基于大流行驱动的理由提出的条件关系就更少了。本文对该领域现有的流行病相关研究中使用的三种理论或模型提出了一系列流行病作为边界条件的论点。将流行病作为边界条件的方法所提出的见解被证明是该领域主要研究议程的独特伴随物。文章以一种更系统的方法来识别、测试和评估边界条件的呼吁结束。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Annals of the International Communication Association
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