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Decomposition analysis on factors affecting electricity substitution in Guangdong province, China 中国广东省电能替代影响因素分解分析
IF 1.5 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.1049/cps2.12069
Haobo Chen, Shangyu Liu, Yaoqiu Kuang, Tonghe Wang, Jie Shu, Zetao Ma

Electricity substitution is an effective measure for reducing pollutant emissions and promoting the consumption of renewable energy. The current research lacks a quantitative analysis method for the factors affecting regional electricity substitution. This article proposes a decomposition model of the factors affecting electricity substitution based on Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method to expand the depth and breadth of electricity substitution. Results show that: (1) Macro-level electricity substitution in Guangdong province develops steadily, with 1694.93 × 108 kWh of total electricity substitution quantity during the period 2006–2020. The electricity substitution quantity in production sector accounts for 83.92% of the total, which is much larger than that in household sector. (2) Sustained improvement of labour productivity gives the largest contribution (3592.32 × 108 kWh) to the increase of electricity substitution in production sector during the period 2006–2020. Living standard effect has the largest contribution (452.21 × 108 kWh) to the increase of electricity substitution in household sector during the period 2006–2020. Electrification level effect and population effect have significant impact on electricity substitution development, while industrial structure has little impact on electricity substitution. (3) Energy intensity effect and energy consumption growth effect negatively influence electricity substitution in Guangdong province. The decline of energy intensity in the production sector has driven the decrease of electricity substitution quantity, contributing −2540.36 × 108 kWh to electricity substitution during the period 2006–2020. Policy implications like continuously promoting breakthroughs in electricity substitution technologies, improvement of electrification rate in the sectors with potential for substitution, and improvement the price mechanism for fossil fuels and electricity can promote the deepening development of electricity substitution and the realisation of the carbon neutrality goal.

电能替代是减少污染物排放、促进可再生能源消费的有效措施。目前的研究缺乏对区域电能替代影响因素的定量分析方法。本文提出了基于对数均值分位数指数法的电能替代影响因素分解模型,以拓展电能替代的深度和广度。结果表明(1)广东省宏观层面的电能替代稳步发展,2006-2020 年期间替代电量共计 1694.93×108 kWh。其中,生产领域的电能替代量占总量的 83.92%,远高于生活领域。(2) 劳动生产率的持续提高对 2006-2020 年期间生产部门电能替代量的增加贡献最大 (3592.32 × 108 千瓦时)。生活水平效应(452.21 × 108 kWh)对 2006-2020 年期间家庭部门电力替代的增加贡献最大。电气化水平效应和人口效应对电能替代发展有显著影响,而产业结构对电能替代影响较小。(3)能源强度效应和能源消费增长效应对广东省电能替代产生负面影响。生产部门能源强度的下降带动了电能替代量的下降,2006-2020 年期间,生产部门对电能替代的贡献为-2540.36×108 千瓦时。不断推动电能替代技术的突破、提高具有替代潜力行业的电气化率、完善化石能源与电能的价格机制等政策影响,可促进电能替代的深化发展和碳中和目标的实现。
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引用次数: 0
Distributed consensus-based estimation for non-linear systems subject to missing measurements and Denial of Service attacks 基于分布式共识的非线性系统估算,受测量缺失和拒绝服务攻击的影响
IF 1.5 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1049/cps2.12066
Yongzhen Guo, Li Li, Yuanqing Xia, Yanxin Wen, Jingjing Guo

This article studies a distributed consensus-based estimation problem for discrete time-varying non-linear systems with missing measurements and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. The probability of missing measurements is independent for each sensor. The communication link between sensor nodes is unreliable and subjected to DoS attacks. To achieve accurate state estimation against missing measurements, a local estimator with compensation mechanism is designed for each sensor node. A stochastic event-triggered mechanism is used to lessen additional information transfer. Based on this, a distributed consensus-based estimator is constructed by continually fusing local neighbours information matrixs and vectors. Moreover, the analysis of the designed estimator boundedness is presented. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by three numerical examples.

本文研究了一个基于分布式共识的估计问题,该问题适用于具有缺失测量和拒绝服务(DoS)攻击的离散时变非线性系统。每个传感器丢失测量值的概率是独立的。传感器节点之间的通信链路不可靠,并且会受到 DoS 攻击。为了在缺失测量的情况下实现精确的状态估计,为每个传感器节点设计了一个具有补偿机制的本地估计器。采用随机事件触发机制来减少额外的信息传输。在此基础上,通过不断融合本地邻域信息矩阵和向量,构建了基于共识的分布式估计器。此外,还对所设计的估计器的约束性进行了分析。最后,通过三个数值实例验证了所提算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Application of the closed loop industrial internet of things (IIoT)-based control system in enhancing the oil recovery factor and the oil production 基于工业物联网 (IIoT) 的闭环控制系统在提高采油率和石油产量中的应用
IF 1.5 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.1049/cps2.12068
Hossein Malekpour Naghneh, Maryamparisa Amani, Alireza Farhadi, Mohammad Taghi Isaai

A non-linear large scale stochastic optimisation model for enhancing the oil production and the recovery factor of the offshore oil reservoirs is proposed. The model aims at minimising the miss-match between mathematical model and the actual dynamic behaviour of the reservoir and the exploitation time, while maximising the oil production and the recovery factor. The model involves the three dimension (3D) oil reservoirs equipped with a few vertical injection and production wells. The limited number of wells is one of the major features of the common oil reservoirs in the middle-east region. The proposed model consists of the primarily mathematical model of the 3D reservoir, a model update algorithm and a large scale constrained non-linear optimisation algorithm. The input to this model is the daily production rate of the oil, natural gas and water produced from the oil reservoir and the output is the optimal injection rate to be injected to the injection wells in order to maximise the oil production and the recovery factor. In order to evaluate the performance of this model, the authors apply this model on part of one of the Iran's offshore oil reservoirs and study the performance improvement due to the proposed model and compare its performance with the performance of the available Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) technique. It is illustrated that the proposed model can increase the oil production from the reservoir up to 47.96% and reduce the exploitation period up to 66.66% compared with those of the available technique.

为提高海上油藏的石油产量和采收率,提出了一种非线性大规模随机优化模型。该模型旨在最大限度地减少数学模型与油藏实际动态行为和开采时间之间的不匹配,同时最大限度地提高石油产量和采收率。该模型涉及配备少量垂直注入井和生产井的三维(3D)油藏。油井数量有限是中东地区常见油藏的主要特征之一。所提出的模型主要包括三维油藏数学模型、模型更新算法和大规模约束非线性优化算法。该模型的输入是油藏的石油、天然气和水的日产量,输出是注入井的最佳注入率,以最大限度地提高石油产量和采收率。为了评估该模型的性能,作者将该模型应用于伊朗一个近海油藏的部分区域,研究了所提模型带来的性能改进,并将其性能与现有的提高石油采收率(IOR)技术的性能进行了比较。结果表明,与现有技术相比,建议的模型可将油藏的石油产量提高 47.96%,将开采期缩短 66.66%。
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引用次数: 0
Neural architecture search for resource constrained hardware devices: A survey 资源受限硬件设备的神经结构搜索:综述
IF 1.5 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1049/cps2.12058
Yongjia Yang, Jinyu Zhan, Wei Jiang, Yucheng Jiang, Antai Yu

With the emergence of powerful and low-energy Internet of Things devices, deep learning computing is increasingly applied to resource-constrained edge devices. However, the mismatch between hardware devices with low computing capacity and the increasing complexity of Deep Neural Network models, as well as the growing real-time requirements, bring challenges to the design and deployment of deep learning models. For example, autonomous driving technologies rely on real-time object detection of the environment, which cannot tolerate the extra latency of sending data to the cloud, processing and then sending the results back to edge devices. Many studies aim to find innovative ways to reduce the size of deep learning models, the number of Floating-point Operations per Second, and the time overhead of inference. Neural Architecture Search (NAS) makes it possible to automatically generate efficient neural network models. The authors summarise the existing NAS methods on resource-constrained devices and categorise them according to single-objective or multi-objective optimisation. We review the search space, the search algorithm and the constraints of NAS on hardware devices. We also explore the challenges and open problems of hardware NAS.

随着功能强大、能耗低的物联网设备的出现,深度学习计算越来越多地应用于资源受限的边缘设备。然而,计算能力低的硬件设备与深度神经网络模型日益复杂的不匹配,以及日益增长的实时性要求,给深度学习模型的设计和部署带来了挑战。例如,自动驾驶技术依赖于环境的实时物体检测,无法容忍将数据发送到云、处理然后将结果发送回边缘设备的额外延迟。许多研究旨在寻找创新的方法来减少深度学习模型的大小、每秒浮点运算的数量和推理的时间开销。神经结构搜索(NAS)使自动生成高效的神经网络模型成为可能。作者总结了资源受限设备上现有的NAS方法,并根据单目标或多目标优化对其进行了分类。我们回顾了搜索空间、搜索算法以及NAS对硬件设备的限制。我们还探讨了硬件NAS的挑战和悬而未决的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Multi objective task resource allocation method based on hierarchical Bayesian adaptive sparsity for edge computing in low voltage stations 基于分层贝叶斯自适应稀疏性的多目标任务资源分配方法,用于低压电站的边缘计算
IF 1.5 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1049/cps2.12067
Yupeng Liu, Bofeng Yan, Jia Yu

In order to achieve more efficient and optimised resource scheduling, this research carried out a multi-objective task resource allocation method for low-voltage station edge computing based on hierarchical Bayesian adaptive sparsity. Based on hierarchical Bayesian adaptive sparsity, the multi-objective task resource allocation technical framework for edge computing in low-voltage stations is established, which is composed of end pipe edge cloud; After collecting real-time operation data of power distribution equipment, substation terminals, transmission terminals, etc. in the architecture end, it is transmitted to the data middle platform and service middle platform of the Internet of Things management platform in the cloud through the edge Internet of Things agent; Set and solve the constraint conditions, and build a multi type flexible load hierarchical optimal allocation model; The abnormal area topology identification sub module of multi-objective task resource of low-voltage station area edge computing is used to identify the abnormal area topology of the current low-voltage station area; Taking it as input, the multi-objective task resources of edge computing are allocated, and the multi-objective task resources allocation method of edge computing in low pressure platform area is realized under the differential evolution algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good convergence effect, strong distribution ability, relatively gentle increase in energy consumption, and the calculated results are basically consistent with the actual values, with good effectiveness.

为了实现更高效、更优化的资源调度,本研究开展了基于分层贝叶斯自适应稀疏性的低压站边缘计算多目标任务资源分配方法。基于分层贝叶斯自适应稀疏性,建立了低压站边缘计算的多目标任务资源分配技术框架,该框架由终端管道边缘云组成;在架构端采集配电设备、变电站终端、输电终端等的实时运行数据后,传输到终端管道边缘云。在架构端采集配电设备、变电站终端、输电终端等实时运行数据后,通过边缘物联网代理传输到云端物联网管理平台的数据中间平台和服务中间平台;设置并求解约束条件,建立多类型柔性负荷分层优化分配模型;利用低压台区边缘计算多目标任务资源异常区域拓扑识别子模块,识别当前低压台区异常区域拓扑;以此为输入,分配边缘计算多目标任务资源,在差分进化算法下实现低压台区边缘计算多目标任务资源分配方法。实验结果表明,所提方法收敛效果好,分配能力强,能耗增加相对平缓,计算结果与实际值基本一致,具有较好的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Review on the key technologies of power grid cyber-physical systems simulation 电网网络物理系统仿真关键技术综述
IF 1.5 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1049/cps2.12062
Gang Lin, Christian Rehtanz, Shaoyang Wang, Jiayan Liu, Zhenyu Zhang, Pengcheng Wang

A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a spatiotemporal multi-dimensional and heterogeneous hybrid autonomous system composed of deep integration of information resources and physical systems. With the development of digitisation and digitalisation, a large number of data acquisition equipment, computing equipment, and electrical equipment are interconnected between the power grid and the information communication network. The power grid has thus been restructured as a mature and highly complex CPS. In order to promote the development of power grid CPS technologies and provide a reference for relevant researchers in the field, the origin and concept of CPS and features in power grid CPS are introduced firstly. Then the key technologies of power grid CPS simulation are discussed and further analysed from three perspectives, including modelling theory, simulation methods, and system-level simulation. On this basis, the application of CPS simulation technology in future power grids has been prospected.

网络物理系统(Cyber-Physical System,CPS)是由信息资源和物理系统深度融合而成的时空多维异构混合自主系统。随着数字化和数据化的发展,大量的数据采集设备、计算设备和电气设备在电网和信息通信网络之间互联互通。因此,电网已被重组为一个成熟且高度复杂的 CPS。为了促进电网 CPS 技术的发展,并为该领域的相关研究人员提供参考,本文首先介绍了 CPS 的起源、概念以及电网 CPS 的特点。然后,从建模理论、仿真方法和系统级仿真三个方面探讨并进一步分析了电网 CPS 仿真的关键技术。在此基础上,展望了 CPS 仿真技术在未来电网中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
A new stable scheme against false data injection attacks in distributed control microgrid 针对分布式控制微电网中虚假数据注入攻击的新型稳定方案
IF 1.5 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1049/cps2.12064
Vahid Tahani, Mohammad Haddad Zarif, Hossein Gholizadeh Narm

False Data Injection (FDI) attacks can be injected into the communication links of microgrids and result in significant damages. An approach to detect false data injection (FDI) attacks is introduced and a method to maintain the average voltages of buses within an acceptable range is suggested. To this aim, the impacts of FDI are first studied and a detection mechanism is extracted based on the attack effects. Then, multiple local integral feedback is employed to maintain the voltages within a permitted interval. Next, the procedure to return the values to their initial conditions (following the removal of the attack) is addressed. Finally, the proposed methods are simulated by multiple attack scenarios and validated using experimental tests.

虚假数据注入(FDI)攻击可注入微电网的通信链路,造成重大损失。本文介绍了一种检测虚假数据注入(FDI)攻击的方法,并提出了一种将母线平均电压保持在可接受范围内的方法。为此,首先研究了 FDI 的影响,并根据攻击影响提取了一种检测机制。然后,采用多重局部积分反馈将电压保持在允许的范围内。接着,讨论了将电压值恢复到初始状态(消除攻击后)的程序。最后,通过多种攻击场景对所提出的方法进行了模拟,并通过实验测试进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Event‐triggered attack detection and state estimation based on Gaussian mixture model 基于高斯混合模型的事件触发攻击检测和状态估计
IF 1.5 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-04 DOI: 10.1049/cps2.12061
Lu Jiang, Di Jia, Jiping Xu, Cui Zhu, Kun Liu, Yuanqing Xia
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引用次数: 0
Power user portrait model based on random forest 基于随机森林的权力用户肖像模型
IF 1.5 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1049/cps2.12063
Di Yang, Ming Ji, Yuntong Lv, Mengyu Li, Xuezhe Gao

With the vigorous development of the energy Internet, all kinds of user information data are increasing day by day. How to comprehensively and deeply mine the effective information of users, develop a model to predict the behaviour characteristics of big data users, distinguish customer relationships, and provide an accurate basis for the next behaviour of users for various platforms have become one of the research hotspots of big data analysis of user behaviour. The data is sampled according to the feature vector of power user. The portrait mining of power user is conducted, and the user screening and analysis are conducted by using the measure of decision tree node purity in the model. The decision tree variable of the up–down stopping rule is generated. Then the results of the model and the Logistics model are tested and analysed, which can effectively predict the behaviour of power user. The proposed user strategy based on the characteristics of power consumption behaviour is analysed to verify the effectiveness of the scheme. The example shows that the model has a strong ability to distinguish and good stability than the traditional Logistics model, which can effectively predict the user's behaviour in advance, reduce user complaints, and help enterprises and users to form a long-term mechanism of mutual benefit and reciprocity, which has a strong practical significance. This paper analyses the panorama of users through power big data technology and proposes a maturity model to evaluate the priority of users' electricity consumption. It emphasises the use of resources and methods provided in the power big data technology package to solve the practical problems of users' electricity consumption, and helps power companies to avoid market risks and improve service levels, which has strong practical significance.

随着能源互联网的蓬勃发展,各类用户信息数据与日俱增。如何全面深入挖掘用户的有效信息,建立模型预测大数据用户的行为特征,区分客户关系,为各类平台用户的下一步行为提供准确依据,成为用户行为大数据分析的研究热点之一。根据权力用户的特征向量对数据进行采样。对权力用户进行画像挖掘,利用模型中决策树节点纯度的度量进行用户筛选和分析。生成上下停止规则的决策树变量。然后对模型和物流模型的结果进行测试和分析,结果表明该模型能有效预测电力用户的行为。通过分析根据用电行为特征提出的用户策略,验证了方案的有效性。实例表明,该模型比传统的物流模型具有较强的区分能力和良好的稳定性,能有效地提前预测用户行为,减少用户投诉,有利于企业和用户形成互利互惠的长效机制,具有很强的现实意义。本文通过电力大数据技术分析用户全景,提出用户用电优先级评估成熟度模型。强调利用电力大数据技术包中提供的资源和方法解决用户用电的实际问题,帮助电力企业规避市场风险,提高服务水平,具有很强的现实意义。
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引用次数: 0
Research on high-precision synchronous output technology of multi-reference source weighted synthesis in power system 电力系统多参考源加权合成高精度同步输出技术研究
IF 1.5 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1049/cps2.12051
Ling Teng, Fangyun Dong, Hui Zhang, Huixia Ding

The massive perception data based on efficient analysis and intelligent decision have put forward higher requirements for high-precision time synchronisation with the construction and development of smart power grid. However, multi-reference source time-frequency synchronisation of power system only selects the best method after comparison, which cannot make the most efficient use of the existing resources. It also cannot meet the need for high-precision time synchronisation of future power system. The existing multi-reference source synthesis algorithms cannot take into account both long-term stability and high-precision synchronous output. This article presents a multi-reference source weighted improved noise model and the high-precision output method. The multi-reference source error after classification is eliminated by leading into classification vector and classification coefficient. The synthesised frequency offset or the time precision of output can be optimised as the objective function by weighted classification algorithm and genetic algorithm. A simulation example based on the synthesis of two satellite system clock sources and three local caesium reference sources shows that the peak value of long-term output accuracy is controlled within 10 ns after classification weighted synthesis and optimisation, which is better than that of any single reference source.

随着智能电网的建设和发展,基于高效分析和智能决策的海量感知数据对高精度时间同步提出了更高的要求。然而,电力系统的多参考源时间频率同步只是在比较后选择最佳方法,无法最有效地利用现有资源。这也无法满足未来电力系统高精度时间同步的需求。现有的多参考源合成算法无法兼顾长期稳定性和高精度同步输出。本文提出了一种多参考源加权改进噪声模型和高精度输出方法。通过引入分类向量和分类系数,消除了分类后的多参考源误差。合成的频率偏移或输出的时间精度可作为目标函数,通过加权分类算法和遗传算法进行优化。基于两个卫星系统时钟源和三个本地铯参考源合成的仿真实例表明,经过分类加权合成和优化后,长期输出精度的峰值可控制在 10 ns 以内,优于任何单一参考源。
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引用次数: 0
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IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications
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