Abstract After the implementation of a new waste management system, in which recycling is the most dominating process, landfill disposal still appears to be the most popular method of waste management in Poland, in which waste undergoes gradual decomposition and the influence of climate conditions, for example, air and atmospheric fallout, leads to the production of leachate and biogas emissions, which contribute to continual threats to the natural environment and humans. The above-mentioned threats can be limited by applying suitable techniques of waste treatment before its disposal. A technology that is oriented to these aims is a mechanical biological treatment (MBT) before disposal. The above-mentioned technology results is waste stabilisation and reduction of pollutant emissions. Additionally, it allows to increase the recovery of materials for recycling and to reduce the mass of waste. Finally, it is environmentally friendly.
{"title":"Direct landfill disposal versus Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT)","authors":"Katarzyna Kulhawik","doi":"10.1515/oszn-2016-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2016-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After the implementation of a new waste management system, in which recycling is the most dominating process, landfill disposal still appears to be the most popular method of waste management in Poland, in which waste undergoes gradual decomposition and the influence of climate conditions, for example, air and atmospheric fallout, leads to the production of leachate and biogas emissions, which contribute to continual threats to the natural environment and humans. The above-mentioned threats can be limited by applying suitable techniques of waste treatment before its disposal. A technology that is oriented to these aims is a mechanical biological treatment (MBT) before disposal. The above-mentioned technology results is waste stabilisation and reduction of pollutant emissions. Additionally, it allows to increase the recovery of materials for recycling and to reduce the mass of waste. Finally, it is environmentally friendly.","PeriodicalId":369211,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131020099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Pobereżny, E. Wszelaczyńska, J. Chmielewski, Damian Gorczyca, W. Kozera, T. Knapowski
Abstract The factors that affect the value of parsley for consumption include its taste, flavour and dietary utility (vitamins C and E, β-carotene, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron, raw fibre, proteins) as well as the content of hazardous substances, especially nitrogen compounds. A study was carried out in 2013–2015 to determine the effect of the cultivation technology and storage on the safety of parsley intended for processing. The study material was taken from an experiment where the following fertilisers were applied to the ground: nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N∙ha−1) and magnesium (0; 30 kg Mg∙ha−1). Parsley roots were stored for six months in a storage room at +1°C and RH 95%. The content of nitrates (V) and (III) was determined by the ion selective method immediately after the harvest and after storage in parsley roots. The highest levels of nitrates (V) and (III) were found in parsley roots in the cultivation option where nitrogen for fertilisation was applied at the greatest amount, i.e. 120 kg N ha−1 and magnesium at 30 kg Mg∙ha−1. Regardless of the measures applied during the vegetation period, prolonged storage of parsley resulted in a decreased content of nitrates (V) and (III) in its roots. The limit for nitrogen content and the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for nitrates (1.0%) and nitrites (4.5%) were not exceeded in the cultivar under study.
影响欧芹食用价值的因素包括其口感、风味和膳食效用(维生素C和E、β-胡萝卜素、钾、钙、磷和铁、原纤维、蛋白质)以及有害物质，特别是氮化合物的含量。2013-2015年进行了一项研究，以确定栽培技术和储存对加工用欧芹安全性的影响。研究材料取自一项试验，该试验向地面施用了以下肥料:氮(0、40、80、120 kg N∙ha−1)和镁(0;30 kg Mg∙ha−1)。欧芹根在+1°C、RH 95%的条件下存放6个月。采用离子选择法测定了收获后和贮藏后欧芹根中硝酸盐(V)和硝酸盐(III)的含量。硝酸盐(V)和(III)含量最高的欧芹根是在施氮量最大的栽培方案中发现的，即120 kg N·ha - 1和30 kg Mg·ha - 1的镁。无论在植物生长期间采取何种措施，延长欧芹的储存时间都会导致其根部硝酸盐(V)和(III)含量的下降。本研究品种的氮素含量和硝酸盐(1.0%)、亚硝酸盐(4.5%)的容许日摄入量均未超过限定值。
{"title":"Safety of parsley intended for processing depending on the cultivation technology and storage","authors":"J. Pobereżny, E. Wszelaczyńska, J. Chmielewski, Damian Gorczyca, W. Kozera, T. Knapowski","doi":"10.1515/oszn-2016-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2016-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The factors that affect the value of parsley for consumption include its taste, flavour and dietary utility (vitamins C and E, β-carotene, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron, raw fibre, proteins) as well as the content of hazardous substances, especially nitrogen compounds. A study was carried out in 2013–2015 to determine the effect of the cultivation technology and storage on the safety of parsley intended for processing. The study material was taken from an experiment where the following fertilisers were applied to the ground: nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N∙ha−1) and magnesium (0; 30 kg Mg∙ha−1). Parsley roots were stored for six months in a storage room at +1°C and RH 95%. The content of nitrates (V) and (III) was determined by the ion selective method immediately after the harvest and after storage in parsley roots. The highest levels of nitrates (V) and (III) were found in parsley roots in the cultivation option where nitrogen for fertilisation was applied at the greatest amount, i.e. 120 kg N ha−1 and magnesium at 30 kg Mg∙ha−1. Regardless of the measures applied during the vegetation period, prolonged storage of parsley resulted in a decreased content of nitrates (V) and (III) in its roots. The limit for nitrogen content and the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for nitrates (1.0%) and nitrites (4.5%) were not exceeded in the cultivar under study.","PeriodicalId":369211,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127806764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Florek-Łuszczki, S. Lachowski, J. Chmielewski, A. Jurkiewicz
Abstract The objective of the conducted analyses is the evaluation of the level of knowledge concerning the scope of problems related with genetically modified organism (GMO) amongst adolescents completing secondary schools and the determination of the relationship between the level of this knowledge and the selected demographic traits of the adolescents examined. The scope of problems undertaken was elaborated based on the survey conducted in a group of 500 adolescents from the Lublin Region completing secondary schools, including 250 adolescents attending General Secondary Schools and 250 adolescents attending Agricultural Secondary Technical Schools. The study was conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey, using a questionnaire. The study showed that the majority of adolescents completing secondary schools were not interested at all in the scope of problems concerning GMO. A large part of the respondents (more than 2/5) had a very low level of knowledge of this problem. The greatest differences in the level of knowledge about GMO were observed in subgroups divided according to the type of school attended by the adolescents (General or Agricultural Technical). Respondents who attended General Secondary Schools showed a better knowledge of theoretical problems, whereas those who attended Secondary Agricultural Technical Schools were better familiarised with practical issues.
{"title":"Knowledge of adolescents completing secondary schools concerning genetically modified organisms (GMO)","authors":"Magdalena Florek-Łuszczki, S. Lachowski, J. Chmielewski, A. Jurkiewicz","doi":"10.1515/oszn-2016-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2016-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of the conducted analyses is the evaluation of the level of knowledge concerning the scope of problems related with genetically modified organism (GMO) amongst adolescents completing secondary schools and the determination of the relationship between the level of this knowledge and the selected demographic traits of the adolescents examined. The scope of problems undertaken was elaborated based on the survey conducted in a group of 500 adolescents from the Lublin Region completing secondary schools, including 250 adolescents attending General Secondary Schools and 250 adolescents attending Agricultural Secondary Technical Schools. The study was conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey, using a questionnaire. The study showed that the majority of adolescents completing secondary schools were not interested at all in the scope of problems concerning GMO. A large part of the respondents (more than 2/5) had a very low level of knowledge of this problem. The greatest differences in the level of knowledge about GMO were observed in subgroups divided according to the type of school attended by the adolescents (General or Agricultural Technical). Respondents who attended General Secondary Schools showed a better knowledge of theoretical problems, whereas those who attended Secondary Agricultural Technical Schools were better familiarised with practical issues.","PeriodicalId":369211,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129802724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The research area is located in the Ina Valley of the West Pomeranian Voivods hip, along the border between two counties Choszczno and Stargard. The majority of this area is covered by the largest wetland in Western Pomerania, which is under legal protection. The aim of the study was to identify chemical properties and typological variability of organic soils of the Ina Valley. On the basis of field studies, four sites that were characterised by the main soil types occurring on the study area were designated. By the river bed, a narrow strip of alluvial, clay-organic sediments was found, from which muddy-gley soils developed. The largest part of the central valley was composed of organic low moor peat deposits, from which organic fibric-muck soils, in the third degree of decomposition, evolved. The edge of the valley, on shallow organic sediments, was covered by highly decomposed organic sapricmuck and mucky soils. The richest resources of organic matter were recorded in fibric-muck soils and the poorest in muddy-gley soils. The reaction of soils derived from peat was slightly acid or neutral and alkaline for alluvial deposits. All examined soils were characterised by a very low content of available phosphorus and potassium whereas the amount of available magnesium varied, depending on the soil subtype. Very low concentrations of available magnesium were obtained in sapric-muck and mucky soils, medium in muddy gley soils and high or very high in fibric-muck soils. Total forms of microelements were present in considerable quantities and a very high share of available potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium in relation to total forms, in fibric-muck soil, attracts attention. In the case of other soil subtypes, only a high share of available calcium is observed.
{"title":"Chemical properties of selected soils of the Ina Valley near Sławęcin village","authors":"R. Malinowski, Dariusz Paprota, Marcin Mielczarek","doi":"10.1515/oszn-2016-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2016-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research area is located in the Ina Valley of the West Pomeranian Voivods hip, along the border between two counties Choszczno and Stargard. The majority of this area is covered by the largest wetland in Western Pomerania, which is under legal protection. The aim of the study was to identify chemical properties and typological variability of organic soils of the Ina Valley. On the basis of field studies, four sites that were characterised by the main soil types occurring on the study area were designated. By the river bed, a narrow strip of alluvial, clay-organic sediments was found, from which muddy-gley soils developed. The largest part of the central valley was composed of organic low moor peat deposits, from which organic fibric-muck soils, in the third degree of decomposition, evolved. The edge of the valley, on shallow organic sediments, was covered by highly decomposed organic sapricmuck and mucky soils. The richest resources of organic matter were recorded in fibric-muck soils and the poorest in muddy-gley soils. The reaction of soils derived from peat was slightly acid or neutral and alkaline for alluvial deposits. All examined soils were characterised by a very low content of available phosphorus and potassium whereas the amount of available magnesium varied, depending on the soil subtype. Very low concentrations of available magnesium were obtained in sapric-muck and mucky soils, medium in muddy gley soils and high or very high in fibric-muck soils. Total forms of microelements were present in considerable quantities and a very high share of available potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium in relation to total forms, in fibric-muck soil, attracts attention. In the case of other soil subtypes, only a high share of available calcium is observed.","PeriodicalId":369211,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133122559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The assessment of hydro-morphological conditions is a part of ecological evaluation of water bodies. Many methods have been developed, but only a few of them are dedicated to urban rivers. Hydro-morphological classification would be a basis for river valley management, including restoration issue. One of the main problems in this assessment is the rate of change in urban catchment and urban river valley. Traditional methods, which are based on field study, are expensive and prolonged. The paper is focussed on using Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data for classification of urban river sections. Although the assessment based on this data has some limitations, it is a good alternative to field study and may provide preliminary screen of the river valley. This material will make possible observation of river valley evolution in the future.
{"title":"Hydro-morphological classification of urban river sections based on LIDAR data","authors":"A. Hamerla, Henryk Passia","doi":"10.1515/oszn-2016-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2016-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The assessment of hydro-morphological conditions is a part of ecological evaluation of water bodies. Many methods have been developed, but only a few of them are dedicated to urban rivers. Hydro-morphological classification would be a basis for river valley management, including restoration issue. One of the main problems in this assessment is the rate of change in urban catchment and urban river valley. Traditional methods, which are based on field study, are expensive and prolonged. The paper is focussed on using Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data for classification of urban river sections. Although the assessment based on this data has some limitations, it is a good alternative to field study and may provide preliminary screen of the river valley. This material will make possible observation of river valley evolution in the future.","PeriodicalId":369211,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115118298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Żeber-Dzikowska, J. Chmielewski, M. Wojciechowska
Abstract In the article, the authors elaborate on an important aspect concerning ecological and environmental education in the context of complex ethical issues. They make the reader aware of the crucial role education serves when it is connected with pro-ecological and pro-environmental education as well as ecological ethics, which aims at determining a man’s attitude towards nature. They stress the importance of ecological ethics for society to function properly. Ethics is an inherent element of the whole universe, and primarily of ecology and environmental protection, which the article tries to present and prove. Not only does ethics refer to environmental protection, but also becoming familiar with nature. Most people do not realise what danger they can expose one another to until they experience it themselves. A man is not capable of existing without the resources the nature provides us with, which is an adequate reason why we should take care of it the best we can. To achieve it, new regulations to be observed are introduced. They are designed to make us stop progressive environmental degradation and also, restore the environment. People perform an important role in the existence of the environment as long as they treat it rightfully by following the voice of their conscience, which can influence its survival. We should take care of nature, treat it as a family member with love and kindness and then we can be sure it will not surprise us with something unexpected. We should take care of everything nature consists of, that is, plants, animals, water, soil and air because when we take care of all these aspects, we also take care of ourselves and the whole society
{"title":"Ecological and environmental education in the ethical context","authors":"I. Żeber-Dzikowska, J. Chmielewski, M. Wojciechowska","doi":"10.1515/oszn-2016-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2016-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the article, the authors elaborate on an important aspect concerning ecological and environmental education in the context of complex ethical issues. They make the reader aware of the crucial role education serves when it is connected with pro-ecological and pro-environmental education as well as ecological ethics, which aims at determining a man’s attitude towards nature. They stress the importance of ecological ethics for society to function properly. Ethics is an inherent element of the whole universe, and primarily of ecology and environmental protection, which the article tries to present and prove. Not only does ethics refer to environmental protection, but also becoming familiar with nature. Most people do not realise what danger they can expose one another to until they experience it themselves. A man is not capable of existing without the resources the nature provides us with, which is an adequate reason why we should take care of it the best we can. To achieve it, new regulations to be observed are introduced. They are designed to make us stop progressive environmental degradation and also, restore the environment. People perform an important role in the existence of the environment as long as they treat it rightfully by following the voice of their conscience, which can influence its survival. We should take care of nature, treat it as a family member with love and kindness and then we can be sure it will not surprise us with something unexpected. We should take care of everything nature consists of, that is, plants, animals, water, soil and air because when we take care of all these aspects, we also take care of ourselves and the whole society","PeriodicalId":369211,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127556743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Segetal flora of cereal crop agrocenoses in the Suwałki Landscape Park was studied in between the years 2012 and 2013. One hundred phytosociological Braun-Blanquet releves were taken, documenting the occurrence of 152 species of vascular plants that represented 29 botanic families. Analysis of the contributions of geographic-historical groups revealed the dominance of the native species, apophytes (87 species, making 57.2%), over anthropophytes (65 species, 42.8%). The number of short-lived species was twice greater (103 species, 67.8%) than the perennial ones (49 species, 32.2%). As regards the lifeforms, the therophytes were dominant (96 species, 63.2%) over hemicryptophytes (44 species, 28.9%) and geophytes (12 species, 7.9%). Among the species of segetal flora in the area studied, 23 valuable species classified to different categories of protection, were identified. The presence of Consolida regalis, Centaurea cyanus and Bromus secalinus, belonging to threatened species in other regions of Poland, was abundant. Also the species: Anthemis tinctoria, Echium vulgare and Anchusa officinalis were met with high frequency. The species: Agrostemma githago, Papaver argemone and Papaver dubium were represented by single plants, which can suggest their dying out. In the Park area, expansive species, threatening the biodiversity, such as Myosotis arvensis, Viola arvensis, Galeopsis tetraehit, Stellaria media, Artemisia vulgaris, Galinsoga parviflora, Elymus repens, Capsella bursa pastoris, Erodium cicutarium, Chamomilla recutita, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum persicaria, Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. pallidum and Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. lapathifolium, were commonly seen in the crop land.
{"title":"Segetal flora of cereal crop agrocenoses in the Suwałki Landscape Park","authors":"M. Matusiewicz, Helena Kubicka - Matusiewicz","doi":"10.1515/oszn-2016-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2016-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Segetal flora of cereal crop agrocenoses in the Suwałki Landscape Park was studied in between the years 2012 and 2013. One hundred phytosociological Braun-Blanquet releves were taken, documenting the occurrence of 152 species of vascular plants that represented 29 botanic families. Analysis of the contributions of geographic-historical groups revealed the dominance of the native species, apophytes (87 species, making 57.2%), over anthropophytes (65 species, 42.8%). The number of short-lived species was twice greater (103 species, 67.8%) than the perennial ones (49 species, 32.2%). As regards the lifeforms, the therophytes were dominant (96 species, 63.2%) over hemicryptophytes (44 species, 28.9%) and geophytes (12 species, 7.9%). Among the species of segetal flora in the area studied, 23 valuable species classified to different categories of protection, were identified. The presence of Consolida regalis, Centaurea cyanus and Bromus secalinus, belonging to threatened species in other regions of Poland, was abundant. Also the species: Anthemis tinctoria, Echium vulgare and Anchusa officinalis were met with high frequency. The species: Agrostemma githago, Papaver argemone and Papaver dubium were represented by single plants, which can suggest their dying out. In the Park area, expansive species, threatening the biodiversity, such as Myosotis arvensis, Viola arvensis, Galeopsis tetraehit, Stellaria media, Artemisia vulgaris, Galinsoga parviflora, Elymus repens, Capsella bursa pastoris, Erodium cicutarium, Chamomilla recutita, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum persicaria, Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. pallidum and Polygonum lapathifolium subsp. lapathifolium, were commonly seen in the crop land.","PeriodicalId":369211,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131521952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Landfills of waste generated by coal mining could pose a serious environmental threat if not properly reclaimed. The study focuses on leaching select heavy metals from the waste disposed of by the closed down Siersza hard coal mine in Trzebinia (Silesian- Cracow area). The solid waste samples were analysed with the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method for Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn and Fe contents. The eluates were obtained by leaching the solid samples with distilled water at the ratio 1:10 and analysed with the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method. The most prone for leaching were Mn and Zn (78 and 73% of the total contents), the medium prone Pb and Cd (around 50% each), and the least prone Fe (30%). In the western part of the landfill, zinc occurs in unexpectedly high amounts (0.64-3.3 wt.%), which may be related to the presence of slag of unknown provenience. The concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd (averages in mg∙kg−1: 6727, 2.3 and 10.3, respectively) in the leachates exceed the limits of Polish environmental standards. The landfill should be properly monitored and fully reclaimed.
{"title":"Leaching of selected metals from a landfill of the closed down Siersza coal mine in Trzebinia (S Poland)","authors":"Alicja Kicińska, Beata Kosa","doi":"10.1515/oszn-2016-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2016-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Landfills of waste generated by coal mining could pose a serious environmental threat if not properly reclaimed. The study focuses on leaching select heavy metals from the waste disposed of by the closed down Siersza hard coal mine in Trzebinia (Silesian- Cracow area). The solid waste samples were analysed with the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method for Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn and Fe contents. The eluates were obtained by leaching the solid samples with distilled water at the ratio 1:10 and analysed with the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method. The most prone for leaching were Mn and Zn (78 and 73% of the total contents), the medium prone Pb and Cd (around 50% each), and the least prone Fe (30%). In the western part of the landfill, zinc occurs in unexpectedly high amounts (0.64-3.3 wt.%), which may be related to the presence of slag of unknown provenience. The concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd (averages in mg∙kg−1: 6727, 2.3 and 10.3, respectively) in the leachates exceed the limits of Polish environmental standards. The landfill should be properly monitored and fully reclaimed.","PeriodicalId":369211,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114742199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the study was to determine changes of daily amount of sewage inflowing into a wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Sącz in the years 2008-2014. To this end, the data in the form of time series corresponding to the investigated multi-year period were analysed. Daily volume of sewage for annual periods was forecast using a seasonal method of Holt and Winters based on the exponential smoothing algorithms. The model fit to actual daily amount of sewage for 2014 was assessed using linear regression. The results of fit for the additive Holt-Winters model confirmed the usefulness of this tool for forecasting the amount of sewage inflowing into the wastewater treatment plant.
{"title":"The use of Holt–Winters method for forecasting the amount of sewage inflowing into the wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Sącz","authors":"E. Wa̧sik, K. Chmielowski","doi":"10.1515/oszn-2016-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2016-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to determine changes of daily amount of sewage inflowing into a wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Sącz in the years 2008-2014. To this end, the data in the form of time series corresponding to the investigated multi-year period were analysed. Daily volume of sewage for annual periods was forecast using a seasonal method of Holt and Winters based on the exponential smoothing algorithms. The model fit to actual daily amount of sewage for 2014 was assessed using linear regression. The results of fit for the additive Holt-Winters model confirmed the usefulness of this tool for forecasting the amount of sewage inflowing into the wastewater treatment plant.","PeriodicalId":369211,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117197231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the toleration of Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra to cadmium contamination as well as the phytoremediation potential of these three species of grass. The pot experiment was conducted in four replications in pots containing 2.0 kg of soil. The soil was contaminated with three doses of Cd – 30, 60 and 120 mg·kg−1. After two months, the aerial parts of plants were harvested. The roots were dug up, brushed off from the remaining soil and washed with water. The biomass was defined and the cadmium concentration was determined in aerial parts and roots. The phytoremediation potential of grasses was evaluated using biomass of grasses, bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF). All three tested species of grasses had TF < 1 and BF-root > 1. It indicates their suitability for phytostabilisation and makes them unsuitable for phytoextraction of Cd from the soil. Comparing the usefulness of the tested grasses for phytoremediation has shown that the phytostabilisation potential of P. pratensis was lower than that of L. perenne and F. rubra. P. pratensis was distinguished by higher TF, smaller root biomass and lower tolerance for Cd excess in the soil in comparison with the two other test grasses. At the same time, L. perenne was characterised by the smallest decrease in biomass and the largest Cd accumulation in roots at the lowest dose of Cd. It indicates good usefulness for phytostabilisation of soils characterised by a relatively small pollution by cadmium.
{"title":"Comparison of phytoremediation potential of three grass species in soil contaminated with cadmium","authors":"S. Gołda, J. Korzeniowska","doi":"10.1515/oszn-2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the toleration of Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne and Festuca rubra to cadmium contamination as well as the phytoremediation potential of these three species of grass. The pot experiment was conducted in four replications in pots containing 2.0 kg of soil. The soil was contaminated with three doses of Cd – 30, 60 and 120 mg·kg−1. After two months, the aerial parts of plants were harvested. The roots were dug up, brushed off from the remaining soil and washed with water. The biomass was defined and the cadmium concentration was determined in aerial parts and roots. The phytoremediation potential of grasses was evaluated using biomass of grasses, bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF). All three tested species of grasses had TF < 1 and BF-root > 1. It indicates their suitability for phytostabilisation and makes them unsuitable for phytoextraction of Cd from the soil. Comparing the usefulness of the tested grasses for phytoremediation has shown that the phytostabilisation potential of P. pratensis was lower than that of L. perenne and F. rubra. P. pratensis was distinguished by higher TF, smaller root biomass and lower tolerance for Cd excess in the soil in comparison with the two other test grasses. At the same time, L. perenne was characterised by the smallest decrease in biomass and the largest Cd accumulation in roots at the lowest dose of Cd. It indicates good usefulness for phytostabilisation of soils characterised by a relatively small pollution by cadmium.","PeriodicalId":369211,"journal":{"name":"Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114930084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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