Abstract Physical-biogeochemical models help us to understand the dynamics and the controlling factors of primary production. In this study, the outputs of a validated hydrodynamic and biogeochemical model were used to elucidate the primary production dynamics between 1992 and 2012 for three studied sites on the Lebanese coast: Naqoura, Beirut, and Tripoli. The results showed that primary production presents a homogeneous spatial distribution along the Lebanese coastline. The phytoplankton community has a low optimal temperature. The thermocline develops in March, with maximum stratification in August and fades in October. Chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen and salinity were positively correlated throughout the water column. A significant increasing trend of sea surface temperature was found on the Lebanese coast over 27 years, between 1986 and 2013. Annual averages increased from 22°C in 1986 to 23.1°C in 2013 with the highest recorded average temperature of 23.7 °C in 2010.
{"title":"Evolution of primary production and its drivers on the Lebanese coast between 1986 and 2013","authors":"A. Fadel, Lama Salameh, Malak Kanj, A. Kobaissi","doi":"10.2478/limre-2020-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Physical-biogeochemical models help us to understand the dynamics and the controlling factors of primary production. In this study, the outputs of a validated hydrodynamic and biogeochemical model were used to elucidate the primary production dynamics between 1992 and 2012 for three studied sites on the Lebanese coast: Naqoura, Beirut, and Tripoli. The results showed that primary production presents a homogeneous spatial distribution along the Lebanese coastline. The phytoplankton community has a low optimal temperature. The thermocline develops in March, with maximum stratification in August and fades in October. Chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen and salinity were positively correlated throughout the water column. A significant increasing trend of sea surface temperature was found on the Lebanese coast over 27 years, between 1986 and 2013. Annual averages increased from 22°C in 1986 to 23.1°C in 2013 with the highest recorded average temperature of 23.7 °C in 2010.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"207 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43414447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper the environment, climate, vegetation, indigenous and European settlement history, stream flow patterns, water quality and water resources development in western Victoria, Australia are studied. The last part of the paper focuses on the MacKenzie River, a tributary of the Wimmera River located on the northern slopes of the Grampians Ranges in western Victoria, Australia. Water release along the MacKenzie River was regulated to improve water quality, stream condition and river health especially in the downstream reaches. The upstream section tends to receive water most days of the year due to releases to secure the requirements of water supply for the city of Horsham and its recreational and conservation values, which is diverted into Mt Zero Channel. Below this the middle and downstream sections receive a more intermittent supply. Annually, a total of 10,000 dam3 of water is released from Wartook Reservoir into the MacKenzie River. Of this volume, only about 4,000 dam3 was released explicitly for environmental purposes. The remaining 6,000 dam3 was released to meet consumptive demands and to transfer water to downstream reservoirs. The empirical data and models showed the lower reaches of the river to be in poor condition under low flows, but this condition improved under flows of 35 dam3 per day, as indicated. The results are presented to tailor discharge and duration of the river flows by amalgamation of consumptive and environmental flows to improve the condition of the stream, thereby supplementing the flows dedicated to environmental outcomes. Ultimately the findings can be used by management to configure consumptive flows that would enhance the ecological condition of the MacKenzie River.
摘要本文对澳大利亚维多利亚州西部的环境、气候、植被、土著和欧洲人的定居历史、河流流动模式、水质和水资源开发进行了研究。文章的最后一部分重点介绍了位于澳大利亚维多利亚州西部格兰扁山脉北坡的威默拉河支流麦肯齐河。对麦肯齐河沿岸的排水进行了调节，以改善水质、河流状况和河流健康，尤其是下游河段。上游河段往往在一年中的大部分时间都会收到水，因为为了确保Horsham市的供水需求及其娱乐和保护价值，上游河段被分流到Mt Zero Channel。在此下方，中间部分和下游部分接收更间歇的供应。每年，总共有10000 dam3的水从Wartake水库排入MacKenzie河。在这一数量中，只有约4000 dam3被明确用于环境目的。剩余的6000 dam3被释放，以满足消耗需求并将水输送到下游水库。经验数据和模型表明，在低流量条件下，河流下游的状况较差，但在每天35 dam3的流量下，这种状况有所改善。结果表明，通过合并消耗流和环境流来调整河流流量和持续时间，以改善河流的状况，从而补充专门用于环境结果的流量。最终，管理层可以利用这些发现来配置消耗流量，从而改善麦肯齐河的生态状况。
{"title":"Importance of environmental flows in the Wimmera catchment, Southeast Australia","authors":"E. Atazadeh, A. Barton, J. Razeghi","doi":"10.2478/limre-2020-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper the environment, climate, vegetation, indigenous and European settlement history, stream flow patterns, water quality and water resources development in western Victoria, Australia are studied. The last part of the paper focuses on the MacKenzie River, a tributary of the Wimmera River located on the northern slopes of the Grampians Ranges in western Victoria, Australia. Water release along the MacKenzie River was regulated to improve water quality, stream condition and river health especially in the downstream reaches. The upstream section tends to receive water most days of the year due to releases to secure the requirements of water supply for the city of Horsham and its recreational and conservation values, which is diverted into Mt Zero Channel. Below this the middle and downstream sections receive a more intermittent supply. Annually, a total of 10,000 dam3 of water is released from Wartook Reservoir into the MacKenzie River. Of this volume, only about 4,000 dam3 was released explicitly for environmental purposes. The remaining 6,000 dam3 was released to meet consumptive demands and to transfer water to downstream reservoirs. The empirical data and models showed the lower reaches of the river to be in poor condition under low flows, but this condition improved under flows of 35 dam3 per day, as indicated. The results are presented to tailor discharge and duration of the river flows by amalgamation of consumptive and environmental flows to improve the condition of the stream, thereby supplementing the flows dedicated to environmental outcomes. Ultimately the findings can be used by management to configure consumptive flows that would enhance the ecological condition of the MacKenzie River.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"185 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47210480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Markus L. Heinrichs, I. Walker, K. Hall, J. Overmann, M. O'Beirne
Abstract Mahoney Lake is a small, meromictic saline lake in south-central British Columbia noted for its unique layer of purple sulfur bacteria. First examined in 1969, this lake has undergone physical, chemical, biological, and pre-historical research to generate an understanding of how the lake and its biota function have developed through time. Advances in understanding the sulfur transformations and bacterial nutrient cycling over the last fifty years have been prolific, resulting in the description of several new taxa. Mahoney Lake is exceptional in its limnological characteristics and is an ideal site for training future limnologists.
{"title":"Fifty years of limnology (1969-2019) at Mahoney Lake, British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Markus L. Heinrichs, I. Walker, K. Hall, J. Overmann, M. O'Beirne","doi":"10.2478/limre-2020-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mahoney Lake is a small, meromictic saline lake in south-central British Columbia noted for its unique layer of purple sulfur bacteria. First examined in 1969, this lake has undergone physical, chemical, biological, and pre-historical research to generate an understanding of how the lake and its biota function have developed through time. Advances in understanding the sulfur transformations and bacterial nutrient cycling over the last fifty years have been prolific, resulting in the description of several new taxa. Mahoney Lake is exceptional in its limnological characteristics and is an ideal site for training future limnologists.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"219 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48281829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Wadi El Rayan is located in Egypt in the Sahara ecoregion the Palearctic ecozone (the world’s largest hot desert). The total area of Wadi El Rayan is 1759km2. The aim of this work was to study the ecosystems, compare species composition, species richness and species diversity of the study sites in the Wadi El Rayan protected area and the distributions of plants in the different landform. The field observations found that there is a low diversity and number of plant species around the lakes, in particular a decline in vegetation cover in accordance with a dramatic decrease in the water level in the lakes compared to earlier studies. The reduction of water levels due to decreased water supply is considered the main threat facing ecosystems and biodiversity in the lake area which requires a continuous survey of flora and measures to be implemented to conserve the natural vegetation in the area. Based on investigations of the spontaneous flora of Wadi El Rayan in 2018, 18 taxa of vascular plants were recorded. This inventory was compared with published records of investigations made in 1998, 2002 and 2014. A total of 18 vascular plant species belonging to 14 families were recorded in the wetland and desert ecosystems around the lakes of Wadi El Rayan. The vegetation mainly consists of sparsely distributed xerophytic and halophytic plants except in the wetland ecosystem around the lakes where it is characterized by some hydrophytic and halophytic plants. The family with the highest number of species was Poaceae followed by Zygophyllaceae. The results showed that a higher number of species was recorded from the Lower Lake (13 species) than the Upper Lake (10 species) and (5 species) for the connecting channel. The most frequently recorded species were Phragmites australis, Tamarix nilotica, Juncus rigidus and Alhagi graecorum: the first two species were the most successful species as they grow in a variety of ecosystems and habitats.
瓦迪拉延位于埃及撒哈拉生态区内的古北生态区(世界上最大的热沙漠)。拉延河的总面积为1759平方公里。本研究的目的是研究Wadi El Rayan保护区研究点的生态系统，比较物种组成、物种丰富度和物种多样性，以及不同地形下植物的分布。野外观测发现，湖泊周围植物物种的多样性和数量都很低，特别是与早期研究相比，湖泊水位急剧下降导致植被覆盖减少。由于供水减少导致的水位下降被认为是湖区生态系统和生物多样性面临的主要威胁，这需要对植物群进行持续调查，并采取措施保护该地区的自然植被。通过对2018年瓦迪埃尔拉延自然植物区系的调查，记录了18个维管植物分类群。该清单与1998年、2002年和2014年公布的调查记录进行了比较。在Wadi El Rayan湖泊周围的湿地和沙漠生态系统中，共记录到维管植物14科18种。植被主要由稀疏分布的旱生和盐生植物组成，但在湖泊周围的湿地生态系统中以一些水生和盐生植物为特征。种数最多的科为禾本科，次之为刺槐科。结果表明:在连接通道中，下湖的物种数量(13种)高于上湖(10种)和上湖(5种)。记录最多的物种是芦苇、柽柳、硬柳和Alhagi graecorum，前两种是最成功的物种，因为它们在各种生态系统和栖息地中生长。
{"title":"Composition and changes in the spontaneous flora of the Wadi El Rayan Ramsar site, Fayoum, Egypt, in the last 20 years","authors":"Abdelwahab A. Afefe","doi":"10.2478/limre-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wadi El Rayan is located in Egypt in the Sahara ecoregion the Palearctic ecozone (the world’s largest hot desert). The total area of Wadi El Rayan is 1759km2. The aim of this work was to study the ecosystems, compare species composition, species richness and species diversity of the study sites in the Wadi El Rayan protected area and the distributions of plants in the different landform. The field observations found that there is a low diversity and number of plant species around the lakes, in particular a decline in vegetation cover in accordance with a dramatic decrease in the water level in the lakes compared to earlier studies. The reduction of water levels due to decreased water supply is considered the main threat facing ecosystems and biodiversity in the lake area which requires a continuous survey of flora and measures to be implemented to conserve the natural vegetation in the area. Based on investigations of the spontaneous flora of Wadi El Rayan in 2018, 18 taxa of vascular plants were recorded. This inventory was compared with published records of investigations made in 1998, 2002 and 2014. A total of 18 vascular plant species belonging to 14 families were recorded in the wetland and desert ecosystems around the lakes of Wadi El Rayan. The vegetation mainly consists of sparsely distributed xerophytic and halophytic plants except in the wetland ecosystem around the lakes where it is characterized by some hydrophytic and halophytic plants. The family with the highest number of species was Poaceae followed by Zygophyllaceae. The results showed that a higher number of species was recorded from the Lower Lake (13 species) than the Upper Lake (10 species) and (5 species) for the connecting channel. The most frequently recorded species were Phragmites australis, Tamarix nilotica, Juncus rigidus and Alhagi graecorum: the first two species were the most successful species as they grow in a variety of ecosystems and habitats.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"109 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44881472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article concerns changes in the heat reserves of the lakes of Belarus in connection with the emerging trends of global warming. When calculating the heat reserves of lakes the method proposed by the Hydromet service was adopted. This technique allows the heat reserves of lakes to be determined with greater accuracy for subsequent comparison and discovery of spatio-temporal connections. The heat reserves were calculated for five lakes whose temperature regime has been constantly monitored. A quantitative assessment of changes in heat reserves for the period of instrumental observations was obtained. It was found that the average range of fluctuations in the gradients of heat reserves of lakes for the Belarusian Lake District ranges from 2.71×1015 J in May to 54.56×1015 J in August; for Belarusian Polesie – from 2.78 to 4.17×1015 J, respectively. The cyclicity of fluctuations in the heat reserves of lakes of Belarus was revealed and found to be short-period (3-5 years) and long-period (10-11 years) cycles.
{"title":"Heat reserves of lakes of Belarus","authors":"P. Kirvel","doi":"10.2478/limre-2020-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article concerns changes in the heat reserves of the lakes of Belarus in connection with the emerging trends of global warming. When calculating the heat reserves of lakes the method proposed by the Hydromet service was adopted. This technique allows the heat reserves of lakes to be determined with greater accuracy for subsequent comparison and discovery of spatio-temporal connections. The heat reserves were calculated for five lakes whose temperature regime has been constantly monitored. A quantitative assessment of changes in heat reserves for the period of instrumental observations was obtained. It was found that the average range of fluctuations in the gradients of heat reserves of lakes for the Belarusian Lake District ranges from 2.71×1015 J in May to 54.56×1015 J in August; for Belarusian Polesie – from 2.78 to 4.17×1015 J, respectively. The cyclicity of fluctuations in the heat reserves of lakes of Belarus was revealed and found to be short-period (3-5 years) and long-period (10-11 years) cycles.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"161 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49210264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study on a small lowland river was conducted in order to determine changes in water quality under external loading (inflow of treated wastewater, runoff from agricultural areas) and the location of a dam reservoir in its course. The 21 km long River Pogona (Greater Poland, Poland) is a small tributary of the Obra Canal in Kościan. In 2004, in its valley, the Jeżewo Reservoir, with an area of 78 ha, was utilized to supply the flow in the Obra Canal during the dry season and to irrigate agricultural areas. The river is also a receiver of treated sewage from the sewage treatment plant in Karolewo. The research, carried out in 2017 at six sampling stations in its course, showed that the discharge of treated wastewater resulted in an increase in conductivity, concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrites and total nitrogen in the waters of the River Pogona. On the other hand, the location of the Jeżewo Reservoir in its course contributed to an increase in water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a and nitrite concentration in the outflowing river. The results showed that the inflow of treated wastewater from the sewage treatment plant, surface runoff from the catchment area and the Jeżewo Reservoir formed in its course, influenced seasonal and spatial changes in the water quality of the River Pogona.
{"title":"Changes in the quality of a small lowland river in Poland under the influence of pollution and a dam reservoir located in its course","authors":"Donat Hansz, K. Kowalczewska-Madura","doi":"10.2478/limre-2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study on a small lowland river was conducted in order to determine changes in water quality under external loading (inflow of treated wastewater, runoff from agricultural areas) and the location of a dam reservoir in its course. The 21 km long River Pogona (Greater Poland, Poland) is a small tributary of the Obra Canal in Kościan. In 2004, in its valley, the Jeżewo Reservoir, with an area of 78 ha, was utilized to supply the flow in the Obra Canal during the dry season and to irrigate agricultural areas. The river is also a receiver of treated sewage from the sewage treatment plant in Karolewo. The research, carried out in 2017 at six sampling stations in its course, showed that the discharge of treated wastewater resulted in an increase in conductivity, concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrites and total nitrogen in the waters of the River Pogona. On the other hand, the location of the Jeżewo Reservoir in its course contributed to an increase in water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a and nitrite concentration in the outflowing river. The results showed that the inflow of treated wastewater from the sewage treatment plant, surface runoff from the catchment area and the Jeżewo Reservoir formed in its course, influenced seasonal and spatial changes in the water quality of the River Pogona.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"145 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41857216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Wetlands are areas where water is the primary factor controlling the environment, associated plant and animal life. The present study has been conducted to investigate the environmental variables of water and to make a quantitative analysis of aquatic macrophytes. Five lakes, i.e. Tamor, Beeshazar, Kingfisher, Athaieshazar and Chepang of the Chitwan National Park were studied during the post-monsoon season. Four different sites were studied for each lake. 12 replica of water samples were collected from each site of the lakes and environmental variables of water i.e. pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, conductivity, total hardness, nitrate, inorganic phosphorus, total solid matter and free CO2 were analyzed. Macrophyte floras were collected during field sampling with the help of a 1m×1m light wooden quadrat and herbaria were prepared following the standard technique. Altogether 10 quadrats (five paired quadrats) were plotted in each site of the study area. Data obtained from water analysis and macrophytes were analyzed by SPSS statistics 20 and CANACO version 4.5. Higher values of nitrate and inorganic phosphorus were found in Beeshazar Lake and Tamor Lake, i.e. 4.41 ±0.52 mg dm–3 and 2.93 ±0.29 mg dm–3, respectively. In most of the lakes, macrophyte species, mostly Eichhornia crassipes was found to be dominant in terms of the importance value index (IVI), whereas in Tamor Lake, Spirodela polyrhiza was dominant. All the studied lakes were in the hypereutrophic category on the basis of nitrate and phosphorus concentration. Runoff of polluted water with agricultural fertilizers, pesticides and untreated industrial discharge as well as domestic wastes from the Khageri canal and excessive growth of invasive macrophytes are major threats to the studied lakes. The luxuriant growth of invasive macrophytes like Eichhornia crassipes also revealed the productive nature of the lakes and they can be taken as ecological indicators of organic pollution.
{"title":"Environmental variables and macrophytes of lakes of the Chitwan National Park, Central Nepal","authors":"Ashika Bhusal, A. Devkota","doi":"10.2478/limre-2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wetlands are areas where water is the primary factor controlling the environment, associated plant and animal life. The present study has been conducted to investigate the environmental variables of water and to make a quantitative analysis of aquatic macrophytes. Five lakes, i.e. Tamor, Beeshazar, Kingfisher, Athaieshazar and Chepang of the Chitwan National Park were studied during the post-monsoon season. Four different sites were studied for each lake. 12 replica of water samples were collected from each site of the lakes and environmental variables of water i.e. pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, conductivity, total hardness, nitrate, inorganic phosphorus, total solid matter and free CO2 were analyzed. Macrophyte floras were collected during field sampling with the help of a 1m×1m light wooden quadrat and herbaria were prepared following the standard technique. Altogether 10 quadrats (five paired quadrats) were plotted in each site of the study area. Data obtained from water analysis and macrophytes were analyzed by SPSS statistics 20 and CANACO version 4.5. Higher values of nitrate and inorganic phosphorus were found in Beeshazar Lake and Tamor Lake, i.e. 4.41 ±0.52 mg dm–3 and 2.93 ±0.29 mg dm–3, respectively. In most of the lakes, macrophyte species, mostly Eichhornia crassipes was found to be dominant in terms of the importance value index (IVI), whereas in Tamor Lake, Spirodela polyrhiza was dominant. All the studied lakes were in the hypereutrophic category on the basis of nitrate and phosphorus concentration. Runoff of polluted water with agricultural fertilizers, pesticides and untreated industrial discharge as well as domestic wastes from the Khageri canal and excessive growth of invasive macrophytes are major threats to the studied lakes. The luxuriant growth of invasive macrophytes like Eichhornia crassipes also revealed the productive nature of the lakes and they can be taken as ecological indicators of organic pollution.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"135 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44872847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Not so long ago, due to the great shortage of irrigation water, Egypt on the national level, began to mix (in a certain percentage) raw agricultural drainage water with fresh irrigation water. This mix was for enhancing its quality to be compatible with the proper specifications and standards of irrigation water, for using it safely in the irrigation process, to compensate for the severe shortage of available quantities of irrigation water. In some regions, and local farms, to save their crops farmers were forced to use the drainage water available in the nearby area drains for irrigation due to the problem of insufficient water in the distributary canals. Such use of raw drainage water can cause great harm and has a negative impact on the environment generally, especially on aquatic and agricultural life. Therefore, in this study we aim to introduce an efficient, simple, cheap mobile treatment unit. This new introduced treatment unit can be used locally on farms to solve the problem of insufficient quantities of irrigation water, and also in some cases where the irrigation water, for various reasons, does not reach the ends of some irrigation canals thus causing a serious problem for farmers. The new introduced treatment unit, using some environmentally friendly cheap materials in certain tested quantities and doses, through three designed cylindrical filtration containers connected with each other respectively, succeeded in converting raw contaminated drainage agricultural water into safe water that can be safely and directly used in the irrigation process.
{"title":"New technique for preparing and reusing agricultural drainage water safely in irrigation","authors":"M. Ashour, Tawab E. Aly, A. Hasan","doi":"10.2478/limre-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Not so long ago, due to the great shortage of irrigation water, Egypt on the national level, began to mix (in a certain percentage) raw agricultural drainage water with fresh irrigation water. This mix was for enhancing its quality to be compatible with the proper specifications and standards of irrigation water, for using it safely in the irrigation process, to compensate for the severe shortage of available quantities of irrigation water. In some regions, and local farms, to save their crops farmers were forced to use the drainage water available in the nearby area drains for irrigation due to the problem of insufficient water in the distributary canals. Such use of raw drainage water can cause great harm and has a negative impact on the environment generally, especially on aquatic and agricultural life. Therefore, in this study we aim to introduce an efficient, simple, cheap mobile treatment unit. This new introduced treatment unit can be used locally on farms to solve the problem of insufficient quantities of irrigation water, and also in some cases where the irrigation water, for various reasons, does not reach the ends of some irrigation canals thus causing a serious problem for farmers. The new introduced treatment unit, using some environmentally friendly cheap materials in certain tested quantities and doses, through three designed cylindrical filtration containers connected with each other respectively, succeeded in converting raw contaminated drainage agricultural water into safe water that can be safely and directly used in the irrigation process.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"123 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45678234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article presents the results of observations and research on the dynamics of exogenous erosion processes on the shores of lowland reservoirs in Belarus. Features and regularities of the dynamics of development of exogenous shores subject to abrasion-processing and an assessment of planned and profile stability of coastal slopes on the basis of proposed criteria are presented. The relationship between exogenous processes and accumulation processes was determined, the approaches and criteria for determining the stability of reservoir shores based on the hydrological regime of reservoirs and ground conditions were developed.
{"title":"Exogenous shore processes in water reservoirs of Belarus","authors":"V. Levkevich, I. Kirvel, Sergey I. Parfomuk","doi":"10.2478/limre-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the results of observations and research on the dynamics of exogenous erosion processes on the shores of lowland reservoirs in Belarus. Features and regularities of the dynamics of development of exogenous shores subject to abrasion-processing and an assessment of planned and profile stability of coastal slopes on the basis of proposed criteria are presented. The relationship between exogenous processes and accumulation processes was determined, the approaches and criteria for determining the stability of reservoir shores based on the hydrological regime of reservoirs and ground conditions were developed.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"108 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49337759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the belt of the Polish Uplands, including the Holy Cross Region, lakes occur sporadically. In some places, however, they are somewhat more abundant. They are usually objects with a small surface area. The majority of them have not been subject to thorough investigation. Therefore, the objective of the paper is the expansion of knowledge regarding these lakes. The paper among others presents the characteristics of several lakes with aeolian genesis located on the Przedbórz Upland in the catchment area of the Wierna River and in the Nida Basin near the towns of Busko-Zdrój and Pińczów. The study results determine the morphometric parameters of the lakes, also pointing to an exceptionally high variability of physical and chemical water properties, as well as the possibility of periodical disappearance of the lakes. Moreover, the study results provide a necessary and solid basis for further investigation of the lakes, which in the context of the observed increasingly serious water deficit and decrease in the level of surface waters and groundwaters is undoubtedly of high importance.
{"title":"Characteristics of Selected Lakes with Aeolian and Karst Genesis in the Holy Cross Region","authors":"A. Choiński, A. Zieliński","doi":"10.2478/limre-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the belt of the Polish Uplands, including the Holy Cross Region, lakes occur sporadically. In some places, however, they are somewhat more abundant. They are usually objects with a small surface area. The majority of them have not been subject to thorough investigation. Therefore, the objective of the paper is the expansion of knowledge regarding these lakes. The paper among others presents the characteristics of several lakes with aeolian genesis located on the Przedbórz Upland in the catchment area of the Wierna River and in the Nida Basin near the towns of Busko-Zdrój and Pińczów. The study results determine the morphometric parameters of the lakes, also pointing to an exceptionally high variability of physical and chemical water properties, as well as the possibility of periodical disappearance of the lakes. Moreover, the study results provide a necessary and solid basis for further investigation of the lakes, which in the context of the observed increasingly serious water deficit and decrease in the level of surface waters and groundwaters is undoubtedly of high importance.","PeriodicalId":36922,"journal":{"name":"Limnological Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"59 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42299052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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