Forensic Science International: Synergy最新文献_第5页

Type and storage of human remains detection canine training aids: A review and handler survey 人类遗骸检测犬训练辅助工具的类型和储存：综述和处理者调查

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100625

Fantasia Whaley, Daigoro Greco, Kaitlyn Mercando, Rushali Dargan, Lauryn DeGreeff

When properly trained, canines are very effective detectors, especially in human remains detection (HRD) and search and rescue (SAR). However, the variability in decomposition odor profiles presents a challenge and requires extensive and adaptable training. Although some protocols and guidelines exist, they do not account for all the possible influential factors leading to inconsistency between organizations. This paper combines a review of research on factors affecting the odor profile of remains with a survey of canine training in the field. Key aspects covered include training aid materials used (e.g. bones, blood, body parts), sample age, containment material, and storage conditions. Findings reveal a consensus amongst handlers and research in some practices, such as use of multiple training aid materials for a variation in odor profiles and use of glass containment to minimize background odor. Discrepancies, however, remain, particularly in the age of sample (fresh vs. very aged), frequency of aid replacement, and storage conditions such as temperature and humidity. The results emphasize the importance of exposing canines to diverse remains odors in differing conditions, providing recommendations for more improved HRD training and directions of future research.

经过适当的训练，犬类是非常有效的探测器，特别是在人类遗骸探测（HRD）和搜救（SAR）方面。然而，分解气味特征的可变性提出了一个挑战，需要广泛和适应性强的训练。虽然存在一些协议和指导方针，但它们并没有考虑到导致组织之间不一致的所有可能的影响因素。本文结合了对影响遗骸气味特征因素的研究综述和对该领域犬类训练的调查。涉及的关键方面包括使用的训练辅助材料（例如骨骼、血液、身体部位）、样品年龄、密封材料和储存条件。研究结果表明，在一些实践中，处理人员和研究人员达成了共识，例如使用多种培训辅助材料来改变气味概况，并使用玻璃容器来减少背景气味。然而，差异仍然存在，特别是在样品的年龄（新鲜的和非常旧的），更换援助的频率，以及储存条件，如温度和湿度。研究结果强调了犬在不同条件下接触不同遗骸气味的重要性，为进一步改进HRD训练和未来研究方向提供了建议。

{"title":"Type and storage of human remains detection canine training aids: A review and handler survey","authors":"Fantasia Whaley, Daigoro Greco, Kaitlyn Mercando, Rushali Dargan, Lauryn DeGreeff","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When properly trained, canines are very effective detectors, especially in human remains detection (HRD) and search and rescue (SAR). However, the variability in decomposition odor profiles presents a challenge and requires extensive and adaptable training. Although some protocols and guidelines exist, they do not account for all the possible influential factors leading to inconsistency between organizations. This paper combines a review of research on factors affecting the odor profile of remains with a survey of canine training in the field. Key aspects covered include training aid materials used (e.g. bones, blood, body parts), sample age, containment material, and storage conditions. Findings reveal a consensus amongst handlers and research in some practices, such as use of multiple training aid materials for a variation in odor profiles and use of glass containment to minimize background odor. Discrepancies, however, remain, particularly in the age of sample (fresh vs. very aged), frequency of aid replacement, and storage conditions such as temperature and humidity. The results emphasize the importance of exposing canines to diverse remains odors in differing conditions, providing recommendations for more improved HRD training and directions of future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perls' Prussian blue staining and chemistry of Prussian blue and Turnbull blue 珀尔斯普鲁士蓝染色及普鲁士蓝和特恩布尔蓝的化学性质

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100627

Ai Sonoda , Masayuki Nihei , Norihiro Shinkawa , Eiji Kakizaki , Nobuhiro Yukawa

Perls’ Prussian blue staining or reaction is used to detect haemosiderin, which is stored or sequestrated non-haeme iron. Methodologically, the iron in haemosiderin is released as Fe³⁺ (Fe^III) by hydrochloric acid (HCl), and Fe^III reacts with potassium ferrocyanide (K₄[Fe^II(CN)₆]) to form Prussian blue. Iron released from ferritin, another stored non-haeme iron, is too scarce to be detected. Haeme iron, including haemoglobin and cytochromes, is not released by HCl. Thus, haemosiderin can easily be detected under the microscope as distinct blue deposits with minimal background staining. The chemistry of cyanide-bridged iron complexes, including Prussian blue and Turnbull blue, is the basis for understanding Perls' staining. Prussian blue is a cubic lattice with Fe^II or Fe^III ions alternately aligned at the corners to give Fe^II–CN–Fe^III formations at the edges. Physicochemically, Prussian blue is soluble in water (dispersible as a colloid) or insoluble depending on how it is formed. As with Perls' staining, Prussian blue is expected to take a soluble form because of excess K₄[Fe^II(CN)₆] compared to Fe³⁺ released from tissues. Notably, Prussian blue used in Perls' staining does not in fact dissipate into the staining solution but remains on the tissue, rendering this a practical method for histological detection of haemosiderin and also exogenous iron of forensic significance. However, further examinations of its mechanisms are needed to evaluate the applicability of this method on various forensics cases.

珀尔斯普鲁士蓝染色或反应用于检测血红素，这是储存或隔离的非血红素铁。方法上，血黄素中的铁被盐酸（HCl）释放为Fe3+ (FeIII)， FeIII与亚铁氰化钾（K4[FeII(CN)6]）反应生成普鲁士蓝。铁蛋白释放的铁是另一种储存的非血红素铁，由于太稀少而无法检测到。血红铁，包括血红蛋白和细胞色素，不被盐酸释放。因此，在显微镜下可以很容易地检测到血黄素为明显的蓝色沉积物，背景染色最小。氰化物桥接铁络合物的化学性质，包括普鲁士蓝和特恩布尔蓝，是理解珀尔斯染色的基础。普鲁士蓝是由FeII或FeIII离子交替排列在边角形成fei - cn - FeIII结构的立方晶格。从物理化学上讲，普鲁士蓝可溶于水（以胶体的形式分散）或不溶于水，这取决于它是如何形成的。与珀尔斯染色一样，普鲁士蓝预计会以可溶性形式存在，因为与组织释放的Fe3+相比，过量的K4[FeII(CN)6]。值得注意的是，珀尔斯染色中使用的普鲁士蓝实际上不会消散在染色溶液中，而是留在组织上，使其成为一种实用的组织学检测血红素和具有法医意义的外源性铁的方法。但是，需要进一步审查其机制，以评估该方法在各种法医案件中的适用性。

{"title":"Perls' Prussian blue staining and chemistry of Prussian blue and Turnbull blue","authors":"Ai Sonoda , Masayuki Nihei , Norihiro Shinkawa , Eiji Kakizaki , Nobuhiro Yukawa","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perls’ Prussian blue staining or reaction is used to detect haemosiderin, which is stored or sequestrated non-haeme iron. Methodologically, the iron in haemosiderin is released as Fe<sup>3+</sup> (Fe<sup>III</sup>) by hydrochloric acid (HCl), and Fe<sup>III</sup> reacts with potassium ferrocyanide (K<sub>4</sub>[Fe<sup>II</sup>(CN)<sub>6</sub>]) to form Prussian blue. Iron released from ferritin, another stored non-haeme iron, is too scarce to be detected. Haeme iron, including haemoglobin and cytochromes, is not released by HCl. Thus, haemosiderin can easily be detected under the microscope as distinct blue deposits with minimal background staining. The chemistry of cyanide-bridged iron complexes, including Prussian blue and Turnbull blue, is the basis for understanding Perls' staining. Prussian blue is a cubic lattice with Fe<sup>II</sup> or Fe<sup>III</sup> ions alternately aligned at the corners to give Fe<sup>II</sup>–CN–Fe<sup>III</sup> formations at the edges. Physicochemically, Prussian blue is soluble in water (dispersible as a colloid) or insoluble depending on how it is formed. As with Perls' staining, Prussian blue is expected to take a soluble form because of excess K<sub>4</sub>[Fe<sup>II</sup>(CN)<sub>6</sub>] compared to Fe<sup>3+</sup> released from tissues. Notably, Prussian blue used in Perls' staining does not in fact dissipate into the staining solution but remains on the tissue, rendering this a practical method for histological detection of haemosiderin and also exogenous iron of forensic significance. However, further examinations of its mechanisms are needed to evaluate the applicability of this method on various forensics cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comment on “Abbreviated injury scale-guided assessment of traumatic deaths: postmortem CT versus autopsy” 对“创伤性死亡的简易损伤量表指导评估：死后CT与尸检”的评论

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100626

Hinpetch Daungsupawong , Viroj Wiwanitkit

引用次数: 0

Application of bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) to reconstruct a staged crime scene in a complex forensic case 应用血迹模式分析（BPA）重建一个复杂的法医案件的阶段性犯罪现场

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100624

Matteo Antonio Sacco, Saverio Gualtieri, Aurora Princi, Roberto Raffaele, Isabella Aquila

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) constitutes a critical component of modern forensic science, particularly in complex crime scenes where the physical evidence may be manipulated or misinterpreted. This manuscript presents a detailed reconstruction of a residential scene initially suspected to be the site of a violent homicide. Despite extensive blood distribution across multiple rooms, forensic investigation revealed that the injuries sustained were superficial and incompatible with the volume and morphology of the bloodstains observed. A systematic application of BPA, revealed patterns predominantly consistent with passive and transfer mechanisms. Specific attention was given to void patterns—unstained areas interrupting otherwise continuous blood distributions—which were geometrically consistent with object repositioning and indicative of post-event manipulation. Integration of BPA with clinical wound assessment, genetic profiling, and contextual behavioral analysis allowed investigators to identify the scene as staged. High-resolution photographic documentation played a pivotal role in the accurate characterization of the bloodstains, enabling precise evaluation of stain edges, distribution, and mechanisms of deposition. This case underscores the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration and adherence to updated forensic standards to avoid investigative misdirection and ensure the integrity of crime scene interpretation.

血迹模式分析（BPA）是现代法医科学的重要组成部分，特别是在物证可能被操纵或曲解的复杂犯罪现场。这份手稿呈现了一个住宅现场的详细重建，最初被怀疑是暴力杀人的现场。尽管大量的血液分布在多个房间，法医调查显示，所受的伤害是浅表的，与所观察到的血迹的体积和形态不相符。系统应用双酚A，揭示模式主要符合被动和转移机制。我们特别注意到空洞模式——未染色的区域中断了连续的血液分布——这在几何上与物体重新定位一致，表明了事件后的操纵。双酚a与临床伤口评估、基因分析和情境行为分析相结合，使调查人员能够确定现场是阶段性的。高分辨率的摄影记录在准确描述血迹方面发挥了关键作用，可以精确评估血迹的边缘、分布和沉积机制。该案件强调了跨学科合作和遵守最新法医标准的必要性，以避免调查误导并确保犯罪现场解释的完整性。

{"title":"Application of bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) to reconstruct a staged crime scene in a complex forensic case","authors":"Matteo Antonio Sacco, Saverio Gualtieri, Aurora Princi, Roberto Raffaele, Isabella Aquila","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) constitutes a critical component of modern forensic science, particularly in complex crime scenes where the physical evidence may be manipulated or misinterpreted. This manuscript presents a detailed reconstruction of a residential scene initially suspected to be the site of a violent homicide. Despite extensive blood distribution across multiple rooms, forensic investigation revealed that the injuries sustained were superficial and incompatible with the volume and morphology of the bloodstains observed. A systematic application of BPA, revealed patterns predominantly consistent with passive and transfer mechanisms. Specific attention was given to void patterns—unstained areas interrupting otherwise continuous blood distributions—which were geometrically consistent with object repositioning and indicative of post-event manipulation. Integration of BPA with clinical wound assessment, genetic profiling, and contextual behavioral analysis allowed investigators to identify the scene as staged. High-resolution photographic documentation played a pivotal role in the accurate characterization of the bloodstains, enabling precise evaluation of stain edges, distribution, and mechanisms of deposition. This case underscores the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration and adherence to updated forensic standards to avoid investigative misdirection and ensure the integrity of crime scene interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decolonising forensic odontology in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲法医牙科学的非殖民化

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100622

Salma Kabbashi, Keane Bailie, Susan Chandler, Manogari Chetty

Forensic odontology plays a vital role in human identification, age estimation, and legal investigations. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, the field has developed within a framework shaped by colonial histories, Western methodologies, and systemic underinvestment in local capacity. This article critically examines the need to decolonise forensic odontology in the region, proposing a comprehensive reform agenda grounded in four intersecting domains: historical legacies, indigenous knowledge integration, ethical considerations, and policy reform. It highlights how colonial-era forensic practices continue to influence current protocols and legal standards, often to the detriment of scientific accuracy and justice. By recognising and incorporating traditional dental knowledge, such as ritual dental modifications and community oral histories, the field can be enriched and made more contextually relevant. Ethical challenges surrounding data sovereignty, informed consent, cultural sensitivity, and the use of contested techniques are addressed, with recommendations for more equitable and transparent forensic practices. Policy reforms are proposed to institutionalise forensic odontology through education, infrastructure development, legal recognition, and collaborative networks. The article argues that decolonisation is not a rejection of global science but a reorientation toward context-appropriate, ethically grounded, and locally led forensic systems. Through these reforms, Sub-Saharan Africa can build a forensic odontology discipline that is scientifically robust, culturally responsive, and capable of delivering justice and dignity to affected communities.

法医牙医学在人类鉴定、年龄估计和法律调查中起着至关重要的作用。然而，在撒哈拉以南非洲，该领域是在殖民历史、西方方法和对当地能力的系统性投资不足形成的框架内发展起来的。本文批判性地考察了该地区法医牙科学非殖民化的必要性，提出了一个基于四个交叉领域的全面改革议程：历史遗产、本土知识整合、伦理考虑和政策改革。它强调了殖民时代的法医做法如何继续影响现行的议定书和法律标准，往往损害科学的准确性和正义。通过承认和纳入传统的牙科知识，如仪式牙科修饰和社区口述历史，可以丰富该领域并使其更具上下文相关性。讨论了围绕数据主权、知情同意、文化敏感性和有争议技术使用的伦理挑战，并提出了更公平和透明的法医实践建议。建议进行政策改革，通过教育、基础设施发展、法律承认和合作网络使法医牙科学制度化。这篇文章认为，非殖民化不是对全球科学的拒绝，而是对适合环境的、有道德基础的、由地方主导的法医系统的重新定位。通过这些改革，撒哈拉以南非洲可以建立一个科学上健全、对文化有反应、能够为受影响社区带来正义和尊严的法医牙科学学科。

{"title":"Decolonising forensic odontology in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Salma Kabbashi, Keane Bailie, Susan Chandler, Manogari Chetty","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic odontology plays a vital role in human identification, age estimation, and legal investigations. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, the field has developed within a framework shaped by colonial histories, Western methodologies, and systemic underinvestment in local capacity. This article critically examines the need to decolonise forensic odontology in the region, proposing a comprehensive reform agenda grounded in four intersecting domains: historical legacies, indigenous knowledge integration, ethical considerations, and policy reform. It highlights how colonial-era forensic practices continue to influence current protocols and legal standards, often to the detriment of scientific accuracy and justice. By recognising and incorporating traditional dental knowledge, such as ritual dental modifications and community oral histories, the field can be enriched and made more contextually relevant. Ethical challenges surrounding data sovereignty, informed consent, cultural sensitivity, and the use of contested techniques are addressed, with recommendations for more equitable and transparent forensic practices. Policy reforms are proposed to institutionalise forensic odontology through education, infrastructure development, legal recognition, and collaborative networks. The article argues that decolonisation is not a rejection of global science but a reorientation toward context-appropriate, ethically grounded, and locally led forensic systems. Through these reforms, Sub-Saharan Africa can build a forensic odontology discipline that is scientifically robust, culturally responsive, and capable of delivering justice and dignity to affected communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathophysiological hypotheses of the triad in abusive infant shaking: A systematic review and analysis of corroborated cases 虐待婴儿摇晃中三联征的病理生理假说：一个系统的回顾和确证病例的分析

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100618

Ingemar Thiblin , Carl Johan Wingren , Jacob Andersson Emad , Fredrik Tamsen

Subdural hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhages, and encephalopathy are associated with the medical diagnosis of abusive head trauma. These findings have also been observed in children exposed to admitted or witnessed shaking. There are various suggested mechanisms behind these findings. One mechanism is exclusive to intentional shaking, while the other suggested mechanisms are compatible with both intentional and accidental violence as well as an underlying illness.

We performed a systematic literature review of case reports on triad findings with subsequent analysis on the empirical consequences of three mechanistic hypotheses: (1) the outcome components arise independently following acceleration-deceleration forces during shaking; (2) the outcome components are partially dependent and caused by pathophysiological mediators following hypoxia caused by damage to the brainstem or cervical spinal cord by shaking; (3) the outcome factors are partially dependent and are caused by re-bleeding triggered by shaking in chronic subdural hematoma.

From a total of 9628 articles, we identified twelve publications including in total 100 cases that met the inclusion criteria. We identified no sufficiently detailed case report, but nine cases had information that allowed for tentative testing of the hypotheses. Three cases had findings consistent with that triad findings are partially dependent and related to chronic subdural re-bleeding (hypothesis 3), whereas no case provided support for the other hypotheses. Thus, published cases do not provide the information needed to understand the mechanism underlying triad findings in infants subjected to shaking.

硬膜下出血、视网膜出血和脑病与虐待性头部创伤的医学诊断有关。这些发现也被观察到在儿童暴露于承认或目击摇晃。这些发现背后有各种各样的机制。一种机制是故意摇晃所独有的，而另一种机制则与故意和意外暴力以及潜在疾病兼容。我们进行了一个系统的文献综述的病例报告的发现，随后分析了三个机制假设的经验结果：(1)结果组成部分独立出现在振动过程中的加速-减速力；(2)震动损伤脑干或颈脊髓引起缺氧后，结果成分部分依赖病理生理介质引起；(3)慢性硬膜下血肿的预后因素部分依赖，主要由摇晃引起的再出血引起。从总共9628篇文章中，我们确定了12篇出版物，包括总共100例病例，符合纳入标准。我们没有发现足够详细的病例报告，但有9例病例的信息允许对假设进行初步检验。三个病例的发现与三联征部分依赖并与慢性硬膜下再出血有关（假设3）一致，而没有病例支持其他假设。因此，已发表的病例并没有提供必要的信息来理解婴儿遭受摇晃的三联征发现的机制。

{"title":"Pathophysiological hypotheses of the triad in abusive infant shaking: A systematic review and analysis of corroborated cases","authors":"Ingemar Thiblin , Carl Johan Wingren , Jacob Andersson Emad , Fredrik Tamsen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subdural hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhages, and encephalopathy are associated with the medical diagnosis of abusive head trauma. These findings have also been observed in children exposed to admitted or witnessed shaking. There are various suggested mechanisms behind these findings. One mechanism is exclusive to intentional shaking, while the other suggested mechanisms are compatible with both intentional and accidental violence as well as an underlying illness.</div><div>We performed a systematic literature review of case reports on triad findings with subsequent analysis on the empirical consequences of three mechanistic hypotheses: (1) the outcome components arise independently following acceleration-deceleration forces during shaking; (2) the outcome components are partially dependent and caused by pathophysiological mediators following hypoxia caused by damage to the brainstem or cervical spinal cord by shaking; (3) the outcome factors are partially dependent and are caused by re-bleeding triggered by shaking in chronic subdural hematoma.</div><div>From a total of 9628 articles, we identified twelve publications including in total 100 cases that met the inclusion criteria. We identified no sufficiently detailed case report, but nine cases had information that allowed for tentative testing of the hypotheses. Three cases had findings consistent with that triad findings are partially dependent and related to chronic subdural re-bleeding (hypothesis 3), whereas no case provided support for the other hypotheses. Thus, published cases do not provide the information needed to understand the mechanism underlying triad findings in infants subjected to shaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National Technology Validation and Implementation Collaborative (NTVIC): Updated guidelines for establishing Forensic Investigative Genetic Genealogy (FIGG) programs 国家技术验证和实施协作（NTVIC）：建立法医调查遗传谱系（FIGG）计划的更新指南

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100593

Ray A. Wickenheiser (DPS Co-chair, Director) , Jennifer Naugle (Co-chair, Deputy Administrator) , Brian Hoey (Director) , Rylene Nowlin , Claire Glynn Ph.D , Raymond Valerio (Assistant District Attorney) , Lance Allen , Stephanie Stoiloff (Chief) , Jennifer Kochanski , Mary Beth Schubert , Melissa Haas , Dixie Peters , Rachel Oefelein , Rockne Harmon , Barbara Llewellyn Ph.D (Program Manager) , Trisha Kacer , Blake Patel , Paul Panther (Special Deputy) , Colleen Fitzpatrick , Garry Bombard , Tom Cober

引用次数: 0

Multidisciplinary approach to matricide and post-mortem cannibalism: Integrating medico-legal and psychiatric investigations 多学科方法对母亲谋杀和死后同类相食：整合医学法律和精神病学调查

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100615

Matteo Antonio Sacco , Alessandro Santurro , Francesca Consalvo , Saverio Gualtieri , Luigi Mastrangelo , Pietrantonio Ricci , Isabella Aquila

Cannibalism is a practice documented since prehistoric times, with diversified motives. In the modern society, cannibalism is rare and often carried out in serious psychiatric contexts. Some authors have highlighted the association of these events with stories of family abuse and conflictual parental relationships. Forensic investigations can be complicated due to decomposition, dismemberment and the concealment or ingestion of entire parts of the corpse. We report a singular case of matricide. A woman was found brutally murdered in her home with anatomical parts of the body found scattered in the kitchen and in the freezer of the house. A scene analysis, an autopsy and criminological investigations using the psychological autopsy method were carried out. Forensic investigations proved that the cohabiting son had killed the woman using a blunt instrument causing her a head trauma and had subsequently dismembered the corpse by carrying out necrocannibalism. The psychological autopsy revealed that the man suffered from severe schizophrenia not treated with drugs and that he had previously attempted to attack his mother on other occasions. The study traces, through literature review, the medico-legal and psychiatric implications in cannibalism and emphasizes the need for prevention of these events through active psychiatric surveillance.

自史前时代就有记载的食人行为，动机多种多样。在现代社会，同类相食是罕见的，通常是在严重的精神疾病背景下发生的。一些作者强调了这些事件与家庭虐待和父母关系冲突的故事之间的联系。由于尸体的分解、肢解和隐藏或吞食整个部分，法医调查可能会很复杂。我们报告一起谋杀母亲的案件。一名妇女被发现在家中被残忍杀害，尸体的解剖部位散落在厨房和房子的冰箱里。现场分析，尸体解剖和犯罪调查采用心理解剖方法进行。法医调查证明，同居的儿子用钝器杀死了这名妇女，造成她的头部创伤，随后又以食人的方式肢解了尸体。心理解剖显示，这名男子患有严重的精神分裂症，没有接受过药物治疗，他以前曾在其他场合试图袭击他的母亲。通过文献回顾，该研究追溯了同类相食的医学-法律和精神病学含义，并强调需要通过积极的精神病学监测来预防这些事件。

{"title":"Multidisciplinary approach to matricide and post-mortem cannibalism: Integrating medico-legal and psychiatric investigations","authors":"Matteo Antonio Sacco , Alessandro Santurro , Francesca Consalvo , Saverio Gualtieri , Luigi Mastrangelo , Pietrantonio Ricci , Isabella Aquila","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannibalism is a practice documented since prehistoric times, with diversified motives. In the modern society, cannibalism is rare and often carried out in serious psychiatric contexts. Some authors have highlighted the association of these events with stories of family abuse and conflictual parental relationships. Forensic investigations can be complicated due to decomposition, dismemberment and the concealment or ingestion of entire parts of the corpse. We report a singular case of matricide. A woman was found brutally murdered in her home with anatomical parts of the body found scattered in the kitchen and in the freezer of the house. A scene analysis, an autopsy and criminological investigations using the psychological autopsy method were carried out. Forensic investigations proved that the cohabiting son had killed the woman using a blunt instrument causing her a head trauma and had subsequently dismembered the corpse by carrying out necrocannibalism. The psychological autopsy revealed that the man suffered from severe schizophrenia not treated with drugs and that he had previously attempted to attack his mother on other occasions. The study traces, through literature review, the medico-legal and psychiatric implications in cannibalism and emphasizes the need for prevention of these events through active psychiatric surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Verification of intimate and non-intimate recovery of DNA within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) 核实在性侵犯转介中心内进行的亲密及非亲密脱氧核糖核酸回收

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100620

Michelle Gaskell , June Guiness , Amy Hamm , Guylaine O. Hanford , Abi Marshall , Kevin Sullivan

This paper describes the verification of DNA recovery processes undertaken in forensic medical examination facilities within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) across England and Wales in the investigation of rape and sexual assault. This is in support of a national initiative for SARCs to provide additional quality assurances regarding forensic integrity. This is achieved through compliance with the Forensic Science Regulator (FSR) Code of Practice including accreditation to ISO 15189 Medical Laboratories: Requirements for Quality & Competence.

Existing national Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine (FFLM) recommended intimate and non-intimate DNA recovery processes were verified by five SARCs in a pilot study utilising both in vivo and in vitro testing. Three types of recovery scenarios were tested: 1) non-intimate recovery of touch DNA was undertaken from volunteers’ skin following simulated struggles; 2) non-intimate recovery of blood, semen and saliva on simulated skin surfaces; 3) intimate recovery of known semen and saliva donors from gynaecological anatomical models. No contamination issues were observed in the non-intimate sample recovery exercises where the recovery technique is the same for live casework. However, with a minority of the intimate sample recoveries, some iatrogenic transfer of seeded DNA within the models was identified. Root cause analysis of the data led to the development of a new approach for training and known outcome competence assessment in intimate DNA recovery using gynaecological models seeded with invisible UV dyes to detect unintended transfer events. This verification exercise has led to the creation of the first SARC proficiency testing scheme.

本文描述了在英格兰和威尔士各地性侵犯转诊中心（SARCs）的法医检查设施中，在调查强奸和性侵犯中进行的DNA恢复过程的验证。这是为了支持红十字会的一项国家倡议，为法医完整性提供额外的质量保证。这是通过遵守法医科学监管机构（FSR）业务准则来实现的，包括ISO 15189医学实验室：质量要求；能力。现有的国家法医学院；法律医学（FFLM）推荐的亲密和非亲密DNA恢复过程在一项利用体内和体外测试的试点研究中得到了五个SARCs的验证。测试了三种类型的恢复场景：1)在模拟挣扎后，从志愿者的皮肤上进行非亲密性的触摸DNA恢复；2)在模拟皮肤表面非亲密性回收血液、精液和唾液；3)从妇科解剖模型中亲密地恢复已知的精液和唾液供体。在非亲密样品回收练习中没有观察到污染问题，其中恢复技术与现场案例工作相同。然而，与少数亲密的样本恢复，一些医源性转移的种子DNA在模型中被确定。数据的根本原因分析导致了一种新的方法的发展，用于培训和已知的结果能力评估，在亲密DNA恢复使用不可见的紫外线染料播种的妇科模型，以检测意外转移事件。这项核实工作促成了首个SARC能力测试计划的建立。

{"title":"Verification of intimate and non-intimate recovery of DNA within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs)","authors":"Michelle Gaskell , June Guiness , Amy Hamm , Guylaine O. Hanford , Abi Marshall , Kevin Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes the verification of DNA recovery processes undertaken in forensic medical examination facilities within Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs) across England and Wales in the investigation of rape and sexual assault. This is in support of a national initiative for SARCs to provide additional quality assurances regarding forensic integrity. This is achieved through compliance with the Forensic Science Regulator (FSR) Code of Practice including accreditation to ISO 15189 <em>Medical Laboratories: Requirements for Quality & Competence</em>.</div><div>Existing national Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine (FFLM) recommended intimate and non-intimate DNA recovery processes were verified by five SARCs in a pilot study utilising both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> testing. Three types of recovery scenarios were tested: 1) non-intimate recovery of touch DNA was undertaken from volunteers’ skin following simulated struggles; 2) non-intimate recovery of blood, semen and saliva on simulated skin surfaces; 3) intimate recovery of known semen and saliva donors from gynaecological anatomical models. No contamination issues were observed in the non-intimate sample recovery exercises where the recovery technique is the same for live casework. However, with a minority of the intimate sample recoveries, some iatrogenic transfer of seeded DNA within the models was identified. Root cause analysis of the data led to the development of a new approach for training and known outcome competence assessment in intimate DNA recovery using gynaecological models seeded with invisible UV dyes to detect unintended transfer events. This verification exercise has led to the creation of the first SARC proficiency testing scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100620"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic DNA elimination databases in Europe: A comparative analysis of data from seven countries 欧洲法医DNA消除数据库：来自七个国家数据的比较分析

Q1 Social Sciences

Forensic Science International: Synergy

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100617

Mónika Nogel , Zsolt Pádár , Gábor Kovács

Forensic DNA elimination databases are valuable tools for identifying potential contamination risks during forensic investigations. This study provides a comparative analysis of the design, implementation, and effectiveness of forensic DNA elimination databases across seven European countries: Sweden, Germany, Czechia, Poland, the Netherlands, the UK, and Finland. Data were collected through structured inquiries sent to ENFSI member states’ forensic DNA laboratories, focusing on key aspects such as legal frameworks, database sizes, and contamination cases identified through the elimination database. The results reveal significant differences in the establishment and management of these databases, reflecting diverse legal and operational contexts. The findings underscore the need to ensure that all European countries implement their elimination databases to standardize forensic procedures and improve the reliability of DNA evidence. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of introducing harmonized frameworks for forensic DNA elimination databases to enhance transparency, accessibility, and efficiency in forensic DNA practices across Europe.

法医DNA消除数据库是法医调查过程中识别潜在污染风险的宝贵工具。本研究对瑞典、德国、捷克、波兰、荷兰、英国和芬兰等七个欧洲国家的法医DNA消除数据库的设计、实施和有效性进行了比较分析。通过发送给ENFSI成员国法医DNA实验室的结构化查询收集数据，重点关注法律框架、数据库规模和通过消除数据库确定的污染案例等关键方面。结果显示，这些数据库的建立和管理存在显著差异，反映了不同的法律和业务背景。研究结果强调，有必要确保所有欧洲国家实施其消除数据库，以使法医程序标准化，并提高DNA证据的可靠性。此外，该研究强调了引入法医DNA消除数据库统一框架的重要性，以提高整个欧洲法医DNA实践的透明度、可及性和效率。

{"title":"Forensic DNA elimination databases in Europe: A comparative analysis of data from seven countries","authors":"Mónika Nogel , Zsolt Pádár , Gábor Kovács","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisyn.2025.100617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic DNA elimination databases are valuable tools for identifying potential contamination risks during forensic investigations. This study provides a comparative analysis of the design, implementation, and effectiveness of forensic DNA elimination databases across seven European countries: Sweden, Germany, Czechia, Poland, the Netherlands, the UK, and Finland. Data were collected through structured inquiries sent to ENFSI member states’ forensic DNA laboratories, focusing on key aspects such as legal frameworks, database sizes, and contamination cases identified through the elimination database. The results reveal significant differences in the establishment and management of these databases, reflecting diverse legal and operational contexts. The findings underscore the need to ensure that all European countries implement their elimination databases to standardize forensic procedures and improve the reliability of DNA evidence. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of introducing harmonized frameworks for forensic DNA elimination databases to enhance transparency, accessibility, and efficiency in forensic DNA practices across Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36925,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Synergy","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0