Zeinab Barakat, A. Zargar, A. T. Mirghaed, A. Khosravi, H. Paknejad
This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris , Origanum majorana and Ziziphora clinopodioides and evaluate the antimicrobial properties of their combined essential oils i.e. T.o.z 50% T.v, 25% O.m and 25% Z.c; t.O.z = 25% T.v, 50% O.m and 25% Z.c and t.o.Z = 25% T.v, 25% O.m and 50% Z.c, against Aeromonas Hydrophila (in vitro). The compositions of the herbal essential oils were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the antimicrobial effects was conducted using agar-disc diffusion method, determination of MIC and MBC, and bacterial growth curves determination based on OD at 600 nm. The main compounds were Thymol (40.60%) and Limonene (15.98%) for T. vulgaris , Carvacrol (57.86%) and Thymol (13.54%) as the major compounds in O. magorana . Regarding Z. clinopodiodes , α-pinene (22.6%) and Carvacrol (21.1%) represented the major constituents. Base on the disc-diffusion results, t.O.z showed the best inhibition zone (26 mm). The inhibitory activity and bactericidal effect of t.O.z, unveiled by the MIC and MBC values, was clearly the highest between all combined herbal oils. Regarding the bacterial growth curves, the combined essential oils exhibited significant differences in all tested concentrations. The t.O.z was the most effective between the three tested combined oils at different temperature that cannot affect herbal oil performance. As conclusion, we suggested that the mixing of herbal oils with growth media was delaying exponential phase starting in the bacterial growth curves.
{"title":"Antimicrobial properties of Thymus vulgaris, Origanum majorana and Ziziphora clinopodioides combined essential oils and their effects on growth behavior of Aeromonas hydrophila","authors":"Zeinab Barakat, A. Zargar, A. T. Mirghaed, A. Khosravi, H. Paknejad","doi":"10.22034/IJAB.V7I6.645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJAB.V7I6.645","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris , Origanum majorana and Ziziphora clinopodioides and evaluate the antimicrobial properties of their combined essential oils i.e. T.o.z 50% T.v, 25% O.m and 25% Z.c; t.O.z = 25% T.v, 50% O.m and 25% Z.c and t.o.Z = 25% T.v, 25% O.m and 50% Z.c, against Aeromonas Hydrophila (in vitro). The compositions of the herbal essential oils were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the antimicrobial effects was conducted using agar-disc diffusion method, determination of MIC and MBC, and bacterial growth curves determination based on OD at 600 nm. The main compounds were Thymol (40.60%) and Limonene (15.98%) for T. vulgaris , Carvacrol (57.86%) and Thymol (13.54%) as the major compounds in O. magorana . Regarding Z. clinopodiodes , α-pinene (22.6%) and Carvacrol (21.1%) represented the major constituents. Base on the disc-diffusion results, t.O.z showed the best inhibition zone (26 mm). The inhibitory activity and bactericidal effect of t.O.z, unveiled by the MIC and MBC values, was clearly the highest between all combined herbal oils. Regarding the bacterial growth curves, the combined essential oils exhibited significant differences in all tested concentrations. The t.O.z was the most effective between the three tested combined oils at different temperature that cannot affect herbal oil performance. As conclusion, we suggested that the mixing of herbal oils with growth media was delaying exponential phase starting in the bacterial growth curves.","PeriodicalId":36975,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81364855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work aimed to explore the effects of nutritional ginger on rainbow trout. The fish were fed various concentrations of ginger extract i.e. 1, 3, 6, and 10 g/kg; the control was fed no ginger. Having fed for 56 days, the fish were exposed to Yersinia ruckeri and any case of death was documented for two weeks. The diet with the extract of ginger could check the experimental infection in rainbow trout. The highest survival rate, i.e. 91.4%, was attained in the group nourished with ginger at 10 g/kg while the survival rate for the control was 41.6%. Ginger diet of 6 and 10 g/kg affected the biochemical parameters and the immune response. Total serum protein and total serum immunoglobulin, together with lysozyme, phagocytic, bactericidal and antioxidant enzymes activities, significantly improved in some groups, other than the control, in a dose-reliant mode (P<0.05). No variations were detected in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities in the ginger-fed groups, indicating no liver toxicity. The findings of the current research revealed that some doses of nutritional ginger (6 and 10 g/kg) could reinforce the non-specific immunity and diminish the vulnerability of rainbow trout to Y. ruckeri .
{"title":"The use of Zingiber officinale extract against Yersinia ruckeri and its effects on the antioxidant status and immune response in Oncorhynchus mykiss","authors":"M. Soltanian, Hamid Faghani Langrodi, M. M. Nejad","doi":"10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.630","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aimed to explore the effects of nutritional ginger on rainbow trout. The fish were fed various concentrations of ginger extract i.e. 1, 3, 6, and 10 g/kg; the control was fed no ginger. Having fed for 56 days, the fish were exposed to Yersinia ruckeri and any case of death was documented for two weeks. The diet with the extract of ginger could check the experimental infection in rainbow trout. The highest survival rate, i.e. 91.4%, was attained in the group nourished with ginger at 10 g/kg while the survival rate for the control was 41.6%. Ginger diet of 6 and 10 g/kg affected the biochemical parameters and the immune response. Total serum protein and total serum immunoglobulin, together with lysozyme, phagocytic, bactericidal and antioxidant enzymes activities, significantly improved in some groups, other than the control, in a dose-reliant mode (P<0.05). No variations were detected in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities in the ginger-fed groups, indicating no liver toxicity. The findings of the current research revealed that some doses of nutritional ginger (6 and 10 g/kg) could reinforce the non-specific immunity and diminish the vulnerability of rainbow trout to Y. ruckeri .","PeriodicalId":36975,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80878630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current study, the retinoic acid isomers such as 9- cis retinoic acid and all- trans retinoic acid were detected in the mature ovaries of mud crabs, Scylla serrata using HPLC analysis. Given the detection of retinoids in the ovaries, an attempt has been made to elucidate the possible role of retinoic acid in the regulation of reproduction in mud crabs. Injection of 9- cis retinoic acid induced ovarian maturation in intact mud crabs as evidenced by a significance elevation in the ovarian index (226.76%; P <0.001), and oocyte diameter (150.61%; P <0.001) accompanied by accumulation of yolk globules in the oocytes as compared to the untreated crabs. Further, a significant increase (258.63%; P <0.0001) in the circulatory ecdysteroid levels were also observed in 9- cis retinoic acid injected mud crabs over vehicle injected crabs. From the results, it can be postulated that retinoic acid-induced stimulation of ovarian maturation at least in part mediates ecdysteroids in the mud crabs., 0.371 and 0.217 year -1 , respectively and the exploitation rate was calculated as 0.369.
{"title":"Detection and mode of action of retinoids on ovarian development in the mud crab, Scylla serrata","authors":"K. Venkaiah, Daveedu Thathapudi, S. B. Sainath","doi":"10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.687","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, the retinoic acid isomers such as 9- cis retinoic acid and all- trans retinoic acid were detected in the mature ovaries of mud crabs, Scylla serrata using HPLC analysis. Given the detection of retinoids in the ovaries, an attempt has been made to elucidate the possible role of retinoic acid in the regulation of reproduction in mud crabs. Injection of 9- cis retinoic acid induced ovarian maturation in intact mud crabs as evidenced by a significance elevation in the ovarian index (226.76%; P <0.001), and oocyte diameter (150.61%; P <0.001) accompanied by accumulation of yolk globules in the oocytes as compared to the untreated crabs. Further, a significant increase (258.63%; P <0.0001) in the circulatory ecdysteroid levels were also observed in 9- cis retinoic acid injected mud crabs over vehicle injected crabs. From the results, it can be postulated that retinoic acid-induced stimulation of ovarian maturation at least in part mediates ecdysteroids in the mud crabs., 0.371 and 0.217 year -1 , respectively and the exploitation rate was calculated as 0.369.","PeriodicalId":36975,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89885430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, 32 male and female Caspian kutum were anesthetized with clove extract (50 mg/L), lidocaine (150 mg/L), and sodium bicarbonate (300 mg/L). Blood parameters and serum cortisol levels were investigated in the control (no anesthetic) and the treated groups containing both males and females in 10 min and 24 h after anesthesia. Based on the result, difference in the red blood cells in the control group and treated groups males was not significant. In females, however, the red blood cells in all treated groups was different except lidocaine treatment after both sampling times ( P >0.05). The white blood cells of males and females in control group was significantly different in the sodium bicarbonate group in 10 min and 24 hours after anesthesia ( P <0.05). The hemoglobin and hematocrit did not change in male and female fish in lidocaine treatment after both times. Cortisol changed in male and female in the sodium bicarbonate group after both times. The WBCs in females was significantly higher in clove extract and lidocaine treatments, whereas RBCs, Hb, Hct, and cortisol were significantly higher in males ( P <0.05). Therefore, due to irreversible stressful effects of the sodium bicarbonate, it is not a suitable anesthetic for the studied fish. Although the stressful effects of lidocaine were lower than clove extract, especially in females, the clove extract has no irreversible effects and the stress-induced effects had been moderated 24 h after anesthesia. Hence, lidocaine and then clove extract is recommended as suitable anesthetics, especially for female Caspian kutum.
{"title":"Effects of three anesthetics of clove extract, sodium bicarbonate, and lidocaine on blood parameters and cortisol level in male and female broodstocks of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum)","authors":"Leila Babaiinezhad, M. Bahrekazemi","doi":"10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.319","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 32 male and female Caspian kutum were anesthetized with clove extract (50 mg/L), lidocaine (150 mg/L), and sodium bicarbonate (300 mg/L). Blood parameters and serum cortisol levels were investigated in the control (no anesthetic) and the treated groups containing both males and females in 10 min and 24 h after anesthesia. Based on the result, difference in the red blood cells in the control group and treated groups males was not significant. In females, however, the red blood cells in all treated groups was different except lidocaine treatment after both sampling times ( P >0.05). The white blood cells of males and females in control group was significantly different in the sodium bicarbonate group in 10 min and 24 hours after anesthesia ( P <0.05). The hemoglobin and hematocrit did not change in male and female fish in lidocaine treatment after both times. Cortisol changed in male and female in the sodium bicarbonate group after both times. The WBCs in females was significantly higher in clove extract and lidocaine treatments, whereas RBCs, Hb, Hct, and cortisol were significantly higher in males ( P <0.05). Therefore, due to irreversible stressful effects of the sodium bicarbonate, it is not a suitable anesthetic for the studied fish. Although the stressful effects of lidocaine were lower than clove extract, especially in females, the clove extract has no irreversible effects and the stress-induced effects had been moderated 24 h after anesthesia. Hence, lidocaine and then clove extract is recommended as suitable anesthetics, especially for female Caspian kutum.","PeriodicalId":36975,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87978857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The diversity of macroalgae and evaluation of the Algerian coastal waters using EEI-c index were studied. Macroalgae were sampled at seven stations in summer 2019. Coverage data for the macroalgae at each site were analysed at species level. Eleven species have been identified and the results showed the prevalence of Cystoseira compressa and Ulva sp .. The least abundant species were Cladophora sp. and Corallina elongata . Classification of sites based on the cluster analysis shewed an agreement with the water degradation information. Based on the results, the EEI-c values were quite homogeneous over all the studied sites, and generally correspond to undisturbed states except for one site.
{"title":"Study of the macroalgae and application of ecological evaluation index (EEI-c) in the coastal waters of Algeria","authors":"B. Belhaouari, Bezzina Zoubeyda","doi":"10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.695","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of macroalgae and evaluation of the Algerian coastal waters using EEI-c index were studied. Macroalgae were sampled at seven stations in summer 2019. Coverage data for the macroalgae at each site were analysed at species level. Eleven species have been identified and the results showed the prevalence of Cystoseira compressa and Ulva sp .. The least abundant species were Cladophora sp. and Corallina elongata . Classification of sites based on the cluster analysis shewed an agreement with the water degradation information. Based on the results, the EEI-c values were quite homogeneous over all the studied sites, and generally correspond to undisturbed states except for one site.","PeriodicalId":36975,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82085752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heavy metals are generally discharged from untreated wastewater in the aquatic ecosystem. This study was aimed to investigating the effective parameters in the sorption of nickel metal by a native halophile bacterium isolated from sediments of the Miankaleh Wetland in the north of Iran. Halobacillus sp. KN57 as the most resistant Gram-positive strain was selected and identified by phenotypic and phylogenetic properties (16S rRNA). The optimum contact time, pH, temperature, salinity, and initial biosorbent concentration of nickel for this strain were 100 min, 7, 30°C, 10%, 1 g.L -1 , and 150 mg.L -1 , respectively. The nickel biosorption was 111.11 mg/g by the selected strain under the laboratory conditions, followed Langmuir isotherm with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.98 and the maximum single layer sorption. In addition, the kinetics of nickel biosorption of this strain correspond to a pseudo second order kinetic model with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.99. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to confirm the biosorption of Ni 2+ by Halobacillus sp. KN57. Finally, the FT-IR spectrum identified that the amide, carbonyl, and amine functional groups were participated in binding to nickel ions. The results showed that the native bacterial strain ( Halobacillus sp. KN57) isolated from Miankaleh Wetland, is potentially a promising biosorbent for sorption of nickel metal.
{"title":"Biosorption of nickel by Halobacillus sp. KN57 isolated from the Miankaleh Wetland, Iran","authors":"F. Kardel, Nafiseh Torabi","doi":"10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.704","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are generally discharged from untreated wastewater in the aquatic ecosystem. This study was aimed to investigating the effective parameters in the sorption of nickel metal by a native halophile bacterium isolated from sediments of the Miankaleh Wetland in the north of Iran. Halobacillus sp. KN57 as the most resistant Gram-positive strain was selected and identified by phenotypic and phylogenetic properties (16S rRNA). The optimum contact time, pH, temperature, salinity, and initial biosorbent concentration of nickel for this strain were 100 min, 7, 30°C, 10%, 1 g.L -1 , and 150 mg.L -1 , respectively. The nickel biosorption was 111.11 mg/g by the selected strain under the laboratory conditions, followed Langmuir isotherm with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.98 and the maximum single layer sorption. In addition, the kinetics of nickel biosorption of this strain correspond to a pseudo second order kinetic model with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.99. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to confirm the biosorption of Ni 2+ by Halobacillus sp. KN57. Finally, the FT-IR spectrum identified that the amide, carbonyl, and amine functional groups were participated in binding to nickel ions. The results showed that the native bacterial strain ( Halobacillus sp. KN57) isolated from Miankaleh Wetland, is potentially a promising biosorbent for sorption of nickel metal.","PeriodicalId":36975,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89530542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The skin of a fish acts as the primary protective agent against biological, physical, and chemical stress. However, the effects of such stressors on fish mucosal immune responses have been hardly investigated. Fasting or feed deprivation commonly is occurred in aquaculture due to season, production policies, or disease. This research was aimed to investigate the impacts of 20-day starvation on skin mucosal immune responses of rainbow trout. The results revealed that the enzymatic activities of lysozyme (LZM) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as the total immunoglobulins (Ig) level and bactericidal activities were significantly reduced in the skin mucus of fasted fish. No significant changes were observed in the esterase and protease activities. Bactericidal activity in the mucus of starved fish was significantly lower than control group after 20 days. Therefore, it could be strongly suggested that this species should not remain under starvation stress as this kind of stress impairs mucosal immune barriers which, in turn, could make the fish more susceptible to infections or harmful agents.
{"title":"The effects of starvation on some epidermal mucus immune parameters in rainbow trouts","authors":"S. Soltanian, A. Gholamhosseini","doi":"10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.634","url":null,"abstract":"The skin of a fish acts as the primary protective agent against biological, physical, and chemical stress. However, the effects of such stressors on fish mucosal immune responses have been hardly investigated. Fasting or feed deprivation commonly is occurred in aquaculture due to season, production policies, or disease. This research was aimed to investigate the impacts of 20-day starvation on skin mucosal immune responses of rainbow trout. The results revealed that the enzymatic activities of lysozyme (LZM) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as the total immunoglobulins (Ig) level and bactericidal activities were significantly reduced in the skin mucus of fasted fish. No significant changes were observed in the esterase and protease activities. Bactericidal activity in the mucus of starved fish was significantly lower than control group after 20 days. Therefore, it could be strongly suggested that this species should not remain under starvation stress as this kind of stress impairs mucosal immune barriers which, in turn, could make the fish more susceptible to infections or harmful agents.","PeriodicalId":36975,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75496829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to examine two concentrations of Rosa damascene extract on toxic effect of Zn on the liver of common carp. For this purpose, four treatments with three replicates were designed as following: treatment one as control, treatment 2 exposed to 3 mg/l ZnSO 4 , and treatments 3 and 4 supplemented with 2.5 and 5 g of R. damascene extract along with exposure to 3 mg/L ZnSO 4 . After 45 days, the bioaccumulation of Zn and histopathological alternation in the liver, as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), triglyceride, cholesterol and albumin were measured. The results showed the highest concentration of Zn in treatment, and its decreasing trend in treatments 3 and 4. The histopathological examinations showed the most alternations in treatment 2, but lower changes in treatment 3 and 4 due to application of R. damascene extract. In addition, those measured biochemical parameters had increased in treatment 2 following exposure to ZnSO 4 , whereas they had decrease in treatments 3 and 4. These results revealed positive effect of R. damascene extract to decrease toxicity of Zn on the liver of common carp.
{"title":"The protective effect of Damask rose, Rosa damascena extract on the liver of Cyprinus carpio following zinc exposure","authors":"M. Taleghani, S. M. Hoseini, S. Omidzahir","doi":"10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.749","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine two concentrations of Rosa damascene extract on toxic effect of Zn on the liver of common carp. For this purpose, four treatments with three replicates were designed as following: treatment one as control, treatment 2 exposed to 3 mg/l ZnSO 4 , and treatments 3 and 4 supplemented with 2.5 and 5 g of R. damascene extract along with exposure to 3 mg/L ZnSO 4 . After 45 days, the bioaccumulation of Zn and histopathological alternation in the liver, as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), triglyceride, cholesterol and albumin were measured. The results showed the highest concentration of Zn in treatment, and its decreasing trend in treatments 3 and 4. The histopathological examinations showed the most alternations in treatment 2, but lower changes in treatment 3 and 4 due to application of R. damascene extract. In addition, those measured biochemical parameters had increased in treatment 2 following exposure to ZnSO 4 , whereas they had decrease in treatments 3 and 4. These results revealed positive effect of R. damascene extract to decrease toxicity of Zn on the liver of common carp.","PeriodicalId":36975,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87335438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated microbial load and diversity of gastro-intestinal tract of the cultured Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and hybrid catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ♀ x Heterobranchus bidorsalis ♂) in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. A set of apparently healthy Nile Tilapia and hybrid catfish were obtained from a fish farm in Ilorin metropolis. After dissecting the fish sample aseptically, the entire alimentary canals of the specimens were divided into foregut, midgut and hindgut. Then bacterial isolates were characterised, following standard operating procedures for gram reaction, morphology, motility, catalase and oxidase reactions, citrate utilization, coagulase production, starch hydrolysis, sugar fermentation, and eventual identification of the resultant colonies. The moulds were examined based on their micro-morphology as well as the colour and micro-morphology of their sporulating structures and conidia. The results of the study revealed that microbes were present in the entire gastro-intestinal tract of cultured hybrid catfish and Nile tilapia with highest microbial load found in the hindgut of the two fish species under study. Also, larger number of bacteria diversity indices were found in the hindgut of cultured Nile tilapia, while the hindgut of cultured clariid catfish had higher fungi diversity indices.
{"title":"Microbial load and diversity in the gastro-intestinal tract of cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus ♀ x Heterobranchus bidorsalis ♂) in Ilorin Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"W. Jimoh, Taofeek Sulyman, Ayomide Damilare Taiwo","doi":"10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJAB.V7I5.672","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated microbial load and diversity of gastro-intestinal tract of the cultured Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and hybrid catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ♀ x Heterobranchus bidorsalis ♂) in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. A set of apparently healthy Nile Tilapia and hybrid catfish were obtained from a fish farm in Ilorin metropolis. After dissecting the fish sample aseptically, the entire alimentary canals of the specimens were divided into foregut, midgut and hindgut. Then bacterial isolates were characterised, following standard operating procedures for gram reaction, morphology, motility, catalase and oxidase reactions, citrate utilization, coagulase production, starch hydrolysis, sugar fermentation, and eventual identification of the resultant colonies. The moulds were examined based on their micro-morphology as well as the colour and micro-morphology of their sporulating structures and conidia. The results of the study revealed that microbes were present in the entire gastro-intestinal tract of cultured hybrid catfish and Nile tilapia with highest microbial load found in the hindgut of the two fish species under study. Also, larger number of bacteria diversity indices were found in the hindgut of cultured Nile tilapia, while the hindgut of cultured clariid catfish had higher fungi diversity indices.","PeriodicalId":36975,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85414659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Growth performance, survival, and feed efficiency in native catfish, Clarias microcephalus , fed chicken entrails, earthworm meal, and low-value fish meal were investigated. A simple cost-benefit analysis using this fattening approach was done to evaluate the profitability of using these low-value feed ingredients. Nine 30L aquaria were stocked with native catfish juveniles (about 20 cm in total length and 80 g in weight) at a density of 1 fish per liter. The catfish were fed cooked chicken entrails (Treatment 1), earthworm meal (Treatment 2) and low-value fish meal (Treatment 3) at 3% body weight for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth of the fish fed various low-cost feeds was not significantly different. Survival was better in fish fed cooked chicken entrails than with either earthworm meal or low-value fish meal. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was relatively similar among the three types of feeds. A simple cost-benefit analysis using these low-cost feeds showed a return of investment (ROI) of 68-79%, indicating the feasibility of using these feeds for fattening of catfish. These preliminary results show that utilizing low value feed ingredients or food wastes as sources of feeds during fattening of native catfish are feasible. In addition, food wastage is reduced by bringing these food sources back to the food chain during aquaculture operations.
{"title":"Development of low-cost feeds for fattening of native catfish, Clarias macrocephalus","authors":"A. Avillanosa, J. Pacho, C. Caipang","doi":"10.22034/IJAB.V7I4.583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJAB.V7I4.583","url":null,"abstract":"Growth performance, survival, and feed efficiency in native catfish, Clarias microcephalus , fed chicken entrails, earthworm meal, and low-value fish meal were investigated. A simple cost-benefit analysis using this fattening approach was done to evaluate the profitability of using these low-value feed ingredients. Nine 30L aquaria were stocked with native catfish juveniles (about 20 cm in total length and 80 g in weight) at a density of 1 fish per liter. The catfish were fed cooked chicken entrails (Treatment 1), earthworm meal (Treatment 2) and low-value fish meal (Treatment 3) at 3% body weight for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth of the fish fed various low-cost feeds was not significantly different. Survival was better in fish fed cooked chicken entrails than with either earthworm meal or low-value fish meal. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was relatively similar among the three types of feeds. A simple cost-benefit analysis using these low-cost feeds showed a return of investment (ROI) of 68-79%, indicating the feasibility of using these feeds for fattening of catfish. These preliminary results show that utilizing low value feed ingredients or food wastes as sources of feeds during fattening of native catfish are feasible. In addition, food wastage is reduced by bringing these food sources back to the food chain during aquaculture operations.","PeriodicalId":36975,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82088160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：