SUMMARY Protura is a poorly known class of Hexapoda represented by more than 800 species belonging to 77 genera worldwide. They are tiny soil organisms with low dispersal ability, mainly attributable to water and human-mediated transfer. The analysis of biogeography of Protura is hindered by the lack of knowledge on their natural history, systematics and distribution. In order to provide a starting point for future more detailed investigations, we reviewed the available literature on their geographic distribution, making a distinction between continental and insular areas. A general overview based on Wallace’s biogeographic regionalization is outlined, highlighting a maximum of known richness and endemism at the genus level in the Palearctic region, and particularly within its eastern part. Some detailed examples of disjunct distribution and their interpretation based on vicariance or dispersal events are given.
{"title":"The geographic distribution of Protura (Arthropoda: Hexapoda): a review","authors":"L. Galli, I. Rellini","doi":"10.21426/b635048595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21426/b635048595","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Protura is a poorly known class of Hexapoda represented by more than 800 species belonging to 77 genera worldwide. They are tiny soil organisms with low dispersal ability, mainly attributable to water and human-mediated transfer. The analysis of biogeography of Protura is hindered by the lack of knowledge on their natural history, systematics and distribution. In order to provide a starting point for future more detailed investigations, we reviewed the available literature on their geographic distribution, making a distinction between continental and insular areas. A general overview based on Wallace’s biogeographic regionalization is outlined, highlighting a maximum of known richness and endemism at the genus level in the Palearctic region, and particularly within its eastern part. Some detailed examples of disjunct distribution and their interpretation based on vicariance or dispersal events are given.","PeriodicalId":37001,"journal":{"name":"Biogeographia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21426/b635048595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46716171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elia Lo Parrino, G. Ficetola, R. Manenti, M. Falaschi
Author(s): Lo Parrino, Elia; Ficetola, Gentile Francesco; Manenti, Raoul; Falaschi, Mattia | Abstract: The presence of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in Italy is documented since 1989, but no comprehensive data are available on its spread through time at the national scale. New confirmed records for Procambarus clarkii are continuously arising in recent years across the country. By reviewing the scientific and grey literature, we obtained an up-to-date map of the species invasion in Italy. This information can help to monitor and understand the spread of this highly invasive crayfish and to implement more effective management measures.
{"title":"Thirty years of invasion: the distribution of the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii in Italy","authors":"Elia Lo Parrino, G. Ficetola, R. Manenti, M. Falaschi","doi":"10.21426/b635047157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21426/b635047157","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Lo Parrino, Elia; Ficetola, Gentile Francesco; Manenti, Raoul; Falaschi, Mattia | Abstract: The presence of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in Italy is documented since 1989, but no comprehensive data are available on its spread through time at the national scale. New confirmed records for Procambarus clarkii are continuously arising in recent years across the country. By reviewing the scientific and grey literature, we obtained an up-to-date map of the species invasion in Italy. This information can help to monitor and understand the spread of this highly invasive crayfish and to implement more effective management measures.","PeriodicalId":37001,"journal":{"name":"Biogeographia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21426/b635047157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45639513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Gippoliti, Spartaco | Abstract: Published and unpublished data on Ethiopian and Eritrean mammals, mainly deriving from Italian sources, including some natural history museums, in the present contribution are intended as an amendment to the landmark Catalogue of Ethiopian and Eritrean mammals produced by Derek Yalden and collaborators between 1974 and 1996. Additionally, a few taxonomic notes including the proposal of two new subspecific names are included. The paper highlights the importance of historical data for a number of scientific applications, such as taxonomy, conservation biology, and restoration ecology. Two ‘cryptozoological’ records are also included.
{"title":"Records of Ethiopian and Eritrean mammals in Italian literature and museums, with some taxonomic notes","authors":"S. Gippoliti","doi":"10.21426/b635045738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21426/b635045738","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Gippoliti, Spartaco | Abstract: Published and unpublished data on Ethiopian and Eritrean mammals, mainly deriving from Italian sources, including some natural history museums, in the present contribution are intended as an amendment to the landmark Catalogue of Ethiopian and Eritrean mammals produced by Derek Yalden and collaborators between 1974 and 1996. Additionally, a few taxonomic notes including the proposal of two new subspecific names are included. The paper highlights the importance of historical data for a number of scientific applications, such as taxonomy, conservation biology, and restoration ecology. Two ‘cryptozoological’ records are also included.","PeriodicalId":37001,"journal":{"name":"Biogeographia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21426/b635045738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47447308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppe Garlasché, K. Karimullah, N. Iakovenko, Alejandro Velasco-Castrillón, K. Janko, R. Guidetti, L. Rebecchi, M. Cecchetto, S. Schiaparelli, C. Jersabek, W. H. Smet, D. Fontaneto
Author(s): Garlasche, Giuseppe; Karimullah, Karimullah; Iakovenko, Nataliia; Velasco-Castrillon, Alejandro; Janko, Karel; Guidetti, Roberto; Rebecchi, Lorena; Cecchetto, Matteo; Schiaparelli, Stefano; Jersabek, Christian D.; De Smet, Willem H.; Fontaneto, Diego | Abstract: We present a data set on Antarctic biodiversity for the phylum Rotifera, making it publicly available through the Antarctic Biodiversity Information facility. We provide taxonomic information, geographic distribution, location, and habitat for each record. The data set gathers all the published literature about rotifers found and identified across the Continental, Maritime, and Subantarctic biogeographic regions of Antarctica. A total of 1455 records of rotifers in Antarctica found from 1907 to 2018 is reported, with information on taxonomic hierarchies, updated nomenclature, geographic information, geographic coordinates, and type of habitat. The aim is to provide a georeferenced data set on Antarctic rotifers as a baseline for further studies, to improve our knowledge on what has been considered one of the most diverse and successful groups of animals living in Antarctica.
{"title":"A data set on the distribution of Rotifera in Antarctica","authors":"Giuseppe Garlasché, K. Karimullah, N. Iakovenko, Alejandro Velasco-Castrillón, K. Janko, R. Guidetti, L. Rebecchi, M. Cecchetto, S. Schiaparelli, C. Jersabek, W. H. Smet, D. Fontaneto","doi":"10.21426/b635044786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21426/b635044786","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Garlasche, Giuseppe; Karimullah, Karimullah; Iakovenko, Nataliia; Velasco-Castrillon, Alejandro; Janko, Karel; Guidetti, Roberto; Rebecchi, Lorena; Cecchetto, Matteo; Schiaparelli, Stefano; Jersabek, Christian D.; De Smet, Willem H.; Fontaneto, Diego | Abstract: We present a data set on Antarctic biodiversity for the phylum Rotifera, making it publicly available through the Antarctic Biodiversity Information facility. We provide taxonomic information, geographic distribution, location, and habitat for each record. The data set gathers all the published literature about rotifers found and identified across the Continental, Maritime, and Subantarctic biogeographic regions of Antarctica. A total of 1455 records of rotifers in Antarctica found from 1907 to 2018 is reported, with information on taxonomic hierarchies, updated nomenclature, geographic information, geographic coordinates, and type of habitat. The aim is to provide a georeferenced data set on Antarctic rotifers as a baseline for further studies, to improve our knowledge on what has been considered one of the most diverse and successful groups of animals living in Antarctica.","PeriodicalId":37001,"journal":{"name":"Biogeographia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21426/b635044786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48509108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphology, ecology and biogeography of Myrmecina sicula André, 1882, rediscovered after 140 years (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)","authors":"E. Schifani, A. Scupola, Antonio Alicata","doi":"10.21426/b635048444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21426/b635048444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37001,"journal":{"name":"Biogeographia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21426/b635048444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43710027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Fornaroli, A. Agostini, Elena Arnaud, Alberto Berselli, Eugenia Bettoni, A. Boggero, Cristina Borlandelli, Giuseppi Cadrobbi, Manuela Cason, L. Castelli, Silvia Cerea, L. Contardi, Sara Costa, Silvia Costaraoss, V. Dallafior, Alessandro Dal Mas, Francesco Elvio, M. Fioravanti, Davide Fortino, S. Franceschini, Laura Fravezzi, Alessia Fuganti, Matteo Galbiati, F. Galimberti, P. Genoni, Daniela Gerbaz, Alessia Lea, D. Lucchini, Anna Maria Manzieri, M. Marchesi, C. Monauni, P. Montanari, Federica Morchio, Silvia Piovano, Natale Pizzochero, Mara Raviola, Filippo Richieri, Valeria Roatta, D. Rocca, Attilio Sarzilla, Ornella Siciliano, P. Testa, David Tonna, Marzia Enza Tumminelli, Franca Turco, Luciana Vicquery, A. Laini
{"title":"A ten-year geographic data set on the occurrence and abundance of macroinvertebrates in the River Po basin (Italy)","authors":"R. Fornaroli, A. Agostini, Elena Arnaud, Alberto Berselli, Eugenia Bettoni, A. Boggero, Cristina Borlandelli, Giuseppi Cadrobbi, Manuela Cason, L. Castelli, Silvia Cerea, L. Contardi, Sara Costa, Silvia Costaraoss, V. Dallafior, Alessandro Dal Mas, Francesco Elvio, M. Fioravanti, Davide Fortino, S. Franceschini, Laura Fravezzi, Alessia Fuganti, Matteo Galbiati, F. Galimberti, P. Genoni, Daniela Gerbaz, Alessia Lea, D. Lucchini, Anna Maria Manzieri, M. Marchesi, C. Monauni, P. Montanari, Federica Morchio, Silvia Piovano, Natale Pizzochero, Mara Raviola, Filippo Richieri, Valeria Roatta, D. Rocca, Attilio Sarzilla, Ornella Siciliano, P. Testa, David Tonna, Marzia Enza Tumminelli, Franca Turco, Luciana Vicquery, A. Laini","doi":"10.21426/b635048312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21426/b635048312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37001,"journal":{"name":"Biogeographia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44280791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Vanni, Stefano; Nocita, Annamaria; Innocenti, Gianna; Cianfanelli, Simone | Abstract: A record of the gobiid Orsinigobius punctatissimus (Canestrini, 1864) from the springs of the Gorizia Karst (Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia) is reported, extending the eastern limit of the geographic distribution of the species. This goby lives in threatened spring habitats, and has recently become rarer. However, although O. punctatissimus is listed in the Italian Red List of threatened species as “Critically Endangered” (CR), the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of threatened species classifies it as “Near Threatened” (NT). Despite its risk of extinction, the species is not included in the annexes of the Habitat Directive (EU Directive 92/43/EEC) or other international wildlife protection conventions. Information is given on the taxonomy, distribution, biology and conservation of the species.
{"title":"New eastern limit of the geographic distribution of Orsinigobius punctatissimus (Canestrini, 1864) (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) in northeastern Italy, with biological notes on the species","authors":"S. Vanni, A. Nocita, G. Innocenti, S. Cianfanelli","doi":"10.21426/B634142850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21426/B634142850","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Vanni, Stefano; Nocita, Annamaria; Innocenti, Gianna; Cianfanelli, Simone | Abstract: A record of the gobiid Orsinigobius punctatissimus (Canestrini, 1864) from the springs of the Gorizia Karst (Italy, Friuli-Venezia Giulia) is reported, extending the eastern limit of the geographic distribution of the species. This goby lives in threatened spring habitats, and has recently become rarer. However, although O. punctatissimus is listed in the Italian Red List of threatened species as “Critically Endangered” (CR), the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of threatened species classifies it as “Near Threatened” (NT). Despite its risk of extinction, the species is not included in the annexes of the Habitat Directive (EU Directive 92/43/EEC) or other international wildlife protection conventions. Information is given on the taxonomy, distribution, biology and conservation of the species.","PeriodicalId":37001,"journal":{"name":"Biogeographia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21426/B634142850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44951924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Marrone, Federico; Canale, Domenica Emanuela | Abstract: The occurrence of the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana in the inland waters of Sicily has been lately overlooked. In the present note, the occurrence and distribution of this species is reviewed based both on the review of the available literature data and field collecting. Although a noteworthy reduction in the distribution range of the species seems to have taken place in Sicily in the course of the XX century, Hirudo verbana was confirmed to be still present in several sites located both within and out of Natura2000 sites. The Sicilian populations of the species should be included in the frame of the monitoring activities established by the Article 17 of the EU Council Directive 92/43/EEC (“Habitats Directive”).
{"title":"Occurrence, distribution and bibliography of the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 (Hirudinea, Hirudinidae) in Sicily (Italy)","authors":"F. Marrone, D. Canale","doi":"10.21426/B634143807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21426/B634143807","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Marrone, Federico; Canale, Domenica Emanuela | Abstract: The occurrence of the medicinal leech Hirudo verbana in the inland waters of Sicily has been lately overlooked. In the present note, the occurrence and distribution of this species is reviewed based both on the review of the available literature data and field collecting. Although a noteworthy reduction in the distribution range of the species seems to have taken place in Sicily in the course of the XX century, Hirudo verbana was confirmed to be still present in several sites located both within and out of Natura2000 sites. The Sicilian populations of the species should be included in the frame of the monitoring activities established by the Article 17 of the EU Council Directive 92/43/EEC (“Habitats Directive”).","PeriodicalId":37001,"journal":{"name":"Biogeographia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21426/B634143807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47673253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Rossaro, Niccolò Pirola, L. Marziali, G. Magoga, A. Boggero, M. Montagna
Author(s): Rossaro, Bruno; Pirola, Niccolo; Marziali, Laura; Magoga, Giulia; Boggero, Angela; Montagna, Matteo | Abstract: In a first list of chironomid species from Italy from 1988, 359 species were recognized. The subfamilies represented were Tanypodinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae, Orthocladiinae and Chironominae. Most of the species were cited as widely distributed in the Palearctic region with few Mediterranean (6), Afrotropical (19) or Panpaleotropical (3) species. The list also included five species previously considered Nearctic. An updated list was thereafter prepared and the number of species raised to 391. Species new to science were added in the following years further raising the number of known species. The list of species known to occur in Italy is now updated to 580, and supported by voucher specimens. Most species have a Palearctic distribution, but many species are distributed in other biogeographical regions; 366 species are in common with the East Palaearctic region, 281 with the Near East, 248 with North Africa, 213 with the Nearctic, 104 with the Oriental, 23 species with the Neotropical, 23 with the Afrotropical, 16 with the Australian region, and 46 species at present are known to occur only in Italy. On the basis of new findings in Italy and in nearby areas it is stated that the knowledge of chironomid fauna is still incomplete.
{"title":"An updated list of chironomid species from Italy with biogeographic considerations (Diptera, Chironomidae)","authors":"B. Rossaro, Niccolò Pirola, L. Marziali, G. Magoga, A. Boggero, M. Montagna","doi":"10.21426/B634043047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21426/B634043047","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Rossaro, Bruno; Pirola, Niccolo; Marziali, Laura; Magoga, Giulia; Boggero, Angela; Montagna, Matteo | Abstract: In a first list of chironomid species from Italy from 1988, 359 species were recognized. The subfamilies represented were Tanypodinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae, Orthocladiinae and Chironominae. Most of the species were cited as widely distributed in the Palearctic region with few Mediterranean (6), Afrotropical (19) or Panpaleotropical (3) species. The list also included five species previously considered Nearctic. An updated list was thereafter prepared and the number of species raised to 391. Species new to science were added in the following years further raising the number of known species. The list of species known to occur in Italy is now updated to 580, and supported by voucher specimens. Most species have a Palearctic distribution, but many species are distributed in other biogeographical regions; 366 species are in common with the East Palaearctic region, 281 with the Near East, 248 with North Africa, 213 with the Nearctic, 104 with the Oriental, 23 species with the Neotropical, 23 with the Afrotropical, 16 with the Australian region, and 46 species at present are known to occur only in Italy. On the basis of new findings in Italy and in nearby areas it is stated that the knowledge of chironomid fauna is still incomplete.","PeriodicalId":37001,"journal":{"name":"Biogeographia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21426/B634043047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45826044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Author(s): Wittmann, Karl J.; Ariani, Antonio P. | Abstract: We have determined the mineral composition of statoliths in 169 species or subspecies (256 populations) of the family Mysidae on a worldwide scale. Including previously published data, the crystallographic characteristics are now known for 296 extant species or subspecies: fluorite (CaF2) in 79%, vaterite (a metastable form of crystalline CaCO3) in 16%, and non-crystalline (organic) components in 5%, the latter exclusively and throughout in the subfamilies Boreomysinae and Rhopalophthalminae. Within the subfamily Mysinae vaterite or fluorite were found in three tribes, whereas other three tribes have fluorite only. The exclusive presence of fluorite was confirmed for the remaining seven subfamilies. Hotspots of vaterite were found in Amazonia and the Pontocaspis, in each case with reduced frequencies in main and tributary basins of the Atlantic and N-Indian Ocean. Vaterite is completely absent in the remaining aquatic regions of the world. In accordance with previous findings, fluorite occurred mainly in seawater, vaterite mostly in brackish to freshwater. Only vaterite was found in electrolyte-poor Black Water of Amazonia, which clearly cannot support the high fluorine demand for renewal of otherwise large fluorite statoliths upon each moult. Vaterite prevails in Diamysini, distributed over most of the area once occupied by the Tethyan Sea. It also prevails in Paramysini with main occurrence in the Pontocaspis, where fossil calcareous statoliths in the stable form of calcite are known from Miocene sediments of the brackish Paratethys. Four Recent genera from three tribes are heterogeneous in that they comprise both vaterite- and fluorite-precipitating species. Previous hypotheses are expanded to cover greater geographic and time scales, proposing that fluorite-bearing marine ancestors penetrated freshwaters in Tethyan and Paratethyan basins, where they developed precipitation of vaterite. This gave their successors predispositions for shifting into separate evolutionary lines from fluorite to vaterite precipitation and vice versa.
{"title":"Amazonia versus Pontocaspis: a key to understanding the mineral composition of mysid statoliths (Crustacea: Mysida)","authors":"K. Wittmann, A. Ariani","doi":"10.21426/B634142438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21426/B634142438","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Wittmann, Karl J.; Ariani, Antonio P. | Abstract: We have determined the mineral composition of statoliths in 169 species or subspecies (256 populations) of the family Mysidae on a worldwide scale. Including previously published data, the crystallographic characteristics are now known for 296 extant species or subspecies: fluorite (CaF2) in 79%, vaterite (a metastable form of crystalline CaCO3) in 16%, and non-crystalline (organic) components in 5%, the latter exclusively and throughout in the subfamilies Boreomysinae and Rhopalophthalminae. Within the subfamily Mysinae vaterite or fluorite were found in three tribes, whereas other three tribes have fluorite only. The exclusive presence of fluorite was confirmed for the remaining seven subfamilies. Hotspots of vaterite were found in Amazonia and the Pontocaspis, in each case with reduced frequencies in main and tributary basins of the Atlantic and N-Indian Ocean. Vaterite is completely absent in the remaining aquatic regions of the world. In accordance with previous findings, fluorite occurred mainly in seawater, vaterite mostly in brackish to freshwater. Only vaterite was found in electrolyte-poor Black Water of Amazonia, which clearly cannot support the high fluorine demand for renewal of otherwise large fluorite statoliths upon each moult. Vaterite prevails in Diamysini, distributed over most of the area once occupied by the Tethyan Sea. It also prevails in Paramysini with main occurrence in the Pontocaspis, where fossil calcareous statoliths in the stable form of calcite are known from Miocene sediments of the brackish Paratethys. Four Recent genera from three tribes are heterogeneous in that they comprise both vaterite- and fluorite-precipitating species. Previous hypotheses are expanded to cover greater geographic and time scales, proposing that fluorite-bearing marine ancestors penetrated freshwaters in Tethyan and Paratethyan basins, where they developed precipitation of vaterite. This gave their successors predispositions for shifting into separate evolutionary lines from fluorite to vaterite precipitation and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":37001,"journal":{"name":"Biogeographia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.21426/B634142438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49133058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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