Current Drug Research Reviews最新文献

Background: The Colon-specific Drug Delivery Systems (CDDS) are advantageous, especially in the targeted therapy of colonic disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), amoebiasis, and Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Site-specific drug release enables achieving a high drug level at the targeted site and reduces adverse effects. The drug targeting can be achieved with zero or minimal drug releases into the non-targeted area, especially at the stomach and small intestine sites, with maximum releases into the site of action.

Objectives: This article focused primarily on reviewing the literature on product development of CDDS using approaches viz., pH-dependent, time-dependent, microbial-triggered, and combination approaches of two or more strategies for achieving possible drug releases and targeting successfully.

Methods: This review highlights the contributions of researchers in recent years to the field of CDDS, including various effective formulation designs and optimization, targeting approaches, factors affecting colon targeting, and evaluation parameters.

Conclusion: This review article broadly covers recent advancements in the optimization and designing of novel CDDS with newer technologies in managing colon-specific diseases. It is concluded that CDDS is advantageous for the successful targeting of drugs to the colon region for effective management of colonic diseases.

Naturally occurring glycosylated hydroquinone Arbutin, has drawn interest due to its possible function in reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Arbutin is well-known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which are essential in preventing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Research has shown that arbutin might alter important physiological pathways connected to protein misfolding, synapse function, and neuronal survival processes linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Arbutin can also penetrate the blood- -brain barrier, which increases its therapeutic potential. Arbutin's neuroprotective properties and promise as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative illnesses are summarized in this review, which also emphasizes the need for further study into the molecular processes behind these effects.

Cancer therapies have advanced significantly, yet traditional treatments still confront obstacles, such as systemic toxicity and drug resistance. Nanotechnology plays a pivotal role in addressing these issues, particularly through the development of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). PNCs are hybrid materials composed of a polymer matrix embedded with nanoscale fillers. These composites can be classified based on the type of matrix (ceramic, metal, or polymer) and their structural properties (exfoliated or intercalated forms). Synthesis methods, such as solvent casting and in situ polymerization, ensure the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. PNC-based drug delivery systems are categorized into two types: passive targeting, which leverages the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and active targeting, which relies on ligand-receptor interactions. In the pharmaceutical industry, recent developments in nanocomposite-based systems have demonstrated great promise, especially in terms of improving medication solubility, stability, and bioavailability while reducing adverse effects. These methods use nanoparticles embedded in a matrix to increase drug delivery, addressing issues, such as poor solubility and limited bioavailability associated with conventional therapies. Before these novel medicines are widely used, clinical studies are essential for assessing their safety and effectiveness and making sure they adhere to legal requirements. Furthermore, the growth of patents pertaining to nanocomposites indicates continued study and advancement in this field, emphasizing nanocomposites' potential uses in a range of medical conditions. Nanocomposites are anticipated to transform drug delivery methods and make a substantial contribution to current medicine as research advances.

The global shift in lifestyle has prompted health agencies to redirect their focus from poverty-related diseases to the emergence of lifestyle diseases prevalent in privileged regions. As a result, these diseases have been labeled as "neglected diseases," receiving limited research attention, funding, and resources. Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) encompass a diverse group of vector-borne protozoal diseases that are prevalent in tropical areas worldwide. Among these NTDs is leishmaniasis, a disease that affects populations globally and manifests as skin abnormalities, internal organ involvement, and mucous-related abnormalities. Due to the lack of effective and safe medicines and vaccines, it is crucial to explore alternative resources. Phytomedicine, which comprises therapeutic herbal constituents with anti-leishmanial properties, holds promise but is limited by its poor physicochemical properties. The emerging field of nanomedicine has shown remarkable potential in revitalizing the anti-leishmanial efficacy of these phytoconstituents. In this investigation, we aim to highlight and discuss key plant constituents in combination with nanotechnology that have been explored in the fight against leishmaniasis.

Background: Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder and one of the leading causes of disability around the world. Herbal and synthetic medications used to treat depression, may interrupt the therapy process and cause adverse effects. Currently, the use of medicinal and phytochemical plants, which have various therapeutic effects and has potential strategy for treating depression. According to the studies, medicinal plants have a variety of effects on the brain system and have antidepressant properties such as synaptic modulation of serotonin, noradrenalin and dopamine as well as inflammatory mediators. According to the literature review, Vinca Rosea extract has a variety of pharmacological activities, but there is no evidence of its antidepressant properties.

Objectives: The main aim of the present study is to gather data from the literature review regarding the antidepressant activity of vincamine alone and along with melatonin.

Methods: According to the review antidepressant activity of various medications can be tested using two different types of studies, including in-vivo and in-vitro.

Results: Clinical and preclinical research suggests that one of the main mediators in the pathophysiology of depression seems to be stress. Depression can be evaluated using experimental methods based on a variety of physical indicators, including locomotor activity, rearing, faeces, and the quantity of entries in the centre square (in-vivo and in-vitro). Biological conditions can be used to find it as well. It has been successfully concluded that vincamine, either alone or in combination with melatonin, may provide a potential role as an antidepressant.

Conclusion: According to the Globe Health Organization, depression will become the most common cause of loss of interest in working in the world. As a result, depression research is one of the most significant ways in which we might create new treatments in the form of vincamine and combination with melatonin for depression and improve existing therapies to make them work better for depressed people. It will also aid in the development and creation of novel ways for the better treatment of depression.

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is the most common periodic pain, which affects more than 50% of women with regular menstruation. Fenugreek is one of the medicinal plants with analgesic properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of fenugreek application in the severity of dysmenorrhea and its side effects in women with dysmenorrhea. PICO: Population: women with dysmenorrhea; Intervention: fenugreek; Comparison: control groups; and Outcome: reduction in the severity of dysmenorrhea and its side effects.

Methods: English database (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) and Persian database [SID (Scientific Information Database) and Magiran] were used for research until February 11, 2023, using the keywords "Dysmenorrhea [Mesh]," "Foenum [Mesh]," "fenugreek [Mesh]," and "Trigonella [Mesh]." The reference list of the selected articles was also checked. The quality assessment was conducted through the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.2.0. The RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze and report the data of the entered studies. Meta-analysis results were reported with the standardized mean difference (95% confidence interval). A subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of control groups. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

Results: After removing duplicates and ineligible cases, four articles were included in the systematic review out of the 1526 records obtained. The results showed that the pain intensity caused by primary dysmenorrhea decreased with fenugreek compared to placebo (pooled result SMD: -2.21; 95% CI: -3.26 to -1.17; Z: 4.17; p <0.001). There was no significant difference between fenugreek with mefenamic acid (SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.57 to 0.67; Z: 0.17; p = 0.86) and fenugreek with Chandrasura churna (SMD: 0.06; 95% CI: -0.56 to 0.68; Z: 0.19; p = 0.85). Bias, in terms of incomplete outcome data and selective reporting, was low risk in all studies, and the available evidence was low quality according to the GRADE approach.

Conclusion: The results showed that the effect of fenugreek on pain intensity in dysmenorrhea is highly uncertain. The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. Regarding the importance of the health and quality of life of women of reproductive age and the low quality of evidence of the studies, clinical trials with stronger methodology are suggested in this field.

Objectives: To investigate critically traditional and modern techniques for cutaneous wound healing and to provide comprehensive information on these novel techniques to encounter the challenges with the existing wound healing methods.

Significance: The financial burden and mortality associated with wounds is increasing, so managing wounds is essential. Traditional wound treatments include surgical and non-surgical methods, while modern techniques are advancing rapidly. This review examines the various traditional and modern techniques used for cutaneous wound healing.

Key findings: Traditional wound treatments include surgical techniques such as debridement, skin flaps, and grafts. Non-surgical treatments include skin replacements, topical formulations, scaffold-based skin grafts, and hydrogel-based skin dressings. More modern techniques include using nanoparticles, growth factors, and bioactive substances in wound dressings. Bioengineered skin substitutes using biomaterials, cells, and growth factors are also being developed. Other techniques include stem cell therapy, growth factor/cytokine therapy, vacuum-assisted wound closure, and 3D-printed/bio-printed wound dressings.

Conclusion: Traditional wound treatments have been replaced by modern techniques such as stem cell therapy, growth factor/cytokine therapy, vacuum-assisted wound closure, and bioengineered skin substitutes. However, most of these strategies lack effectiveness and thorough evaluation. Therefore, further research is required to develop new techniques for cutaneous wound healing that are effective, cost-efficient, and appealing to patients.

Background: Nigella sativa (N. sativa), commonly known as black seed or black cumin, belongs to the family Ranunculaceae. It contains several phytoconstituents, Thymoquinone (TQ), thymol, thymohydroquinone, carvacrol, and dithymoquinone. TQ is the main phytoconstituent present in N. sativa that is used as an herbal compound, and it is widely used as an antihypertensive, liver tonic, diuretic, digestive, anti-diarrheal, appetite stimulant, analgesic, and antibacterial agent, and in skin disorders.

Objective: The study focused on collecting data on the therapeutic or pharmacological activities of TQ present in N. sativa seed.

Methods: Antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulator, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective, renal protective, and antioxidant properties of TQ have been studied by various scientists.

Conclusion: TQ seems to have a variety of consequences on how infected cells behave at the cellular level.

Nutraceuticals are the foods that are used to prevent and cure diseases. Food and nutrients are essential for the body's normal function and aid in the maintenance of an individual's health and prevent various diseases. Nutraceuticals are medicinal foods that aid in the maintenance of health, the enhancement of immunity, and the prevention and treatment of specific diseases. The markets of nutraceuticals are one of the fastest-growing industry segments. The prime reason for this accelerated market growth lies in the fact that nutraceuticals are low cost, can prevent diseases to occur, hence, can save the health care cost, have more nutritional value, and many others. Nutraceuticals can be classified on different foundations based on what they promise, natural sources, and nutraceutical food available in the market. This article will discuss those classifications in detail along with the role of nutraceuticals in lifestyle diseases, regulations, market trends, and prospects of nutraceuticals. The article will also highlight the concern areas which play as the limiting factor in the nutraceuticals industry growth like lack of quality control, lack of data on its working, and many other things.

According to the current information, using nano gels in the eyes have therapeutic benefits. Industry growth in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors has been filled by nanotechnology. Traditional ocular preparations have a short retention duration and restricted drug bioavailability because of the eye's architectural and physiological barriers, a big issue for physicians, patients, and chemists. In contrast, nano gels can encapsulate drugs within threedimensional cross-linked polymeric networks. Because of their distinctive structural designs and preparation methods, they can deliver loaded medications in a controlled and sustained manner, enhancing patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy. Due to their excellent drugloading capacity and biocompatibility, nano-gels outperform other nano-carriers. This study focuses on using nano gels to treat eye diseases and provides a brief overview of their creation and response to stimuli. Our understanding of topical drug administration will be advanced using nano gel developments to treat common ocular diseases such as glaucoma, cataracts, dry eye syndrome, bacterial keratitis, and linked medication-loaded contact lenses and natural active ingredients.