Turkish Journal of Orthodontics最新文献

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of functional mandibular advancer (FMA) in treating growing patients with Class II malocclusion.

Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Lilacs from 1945 to 30^th November 2021. Studies were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: human studies, Class II growing patient treated with FMA, untreated control group or a comparable group treated with another fixed functional appliance, pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms/magnetic resonance imaging/cone-beam computed tomography, randomized clinical trials, prospective studies, and retrospective studies. Data extraction of the included articles was independently performed independently by two authors. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Meta-analysis was performed using the inverse generic model.

Results: Seven articles met the criteria and were included in the systematic review and three articles were included in the meta-analysis. Three studies had at low risk of bias and four studies had a moderate risk of bias. All articles reported anterior positioning of the mandible along with an increase in mandibular length. The meta-analysis results indicated a negligible difference between FMA and other functional appliances for the parameters SNA [0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) of -1.07 and 1.29] and ANB (-1.00, 95% CI of -1.34 and -0.65). The evidence was limited for soft tissue changes.

Conclusion: Class II correction with FMA involved a combination of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes and was similar to other fixed functional appliances.

Objective: To determine the changes in orthodontists' interest in various orthodontic appliances during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: A questionnaire probing respondents' interest in orthodontic appliances and techniques, including standard buccal metal brackets, self-ligating brackets, standard ceramic brackets, lingual brackets, clear aligners, orthodontic facemasks, removable functional appliances, fixed functional appliances, orthognathic surgery, orthodontic miniscrews, and lingual retainers, was prepared using Google Forms and then sent to the Turkish Orthodontic Society to invite all members of the society to participate in the survey. Of the 1903 members invited, 230 (response rate, 12.08%) orthodontists completed the questionnaire.

Results: The respondents' interest in brackets did not change among 70% of the respondents (standard buccal metal bracket 80%, self-ligating bracket 72.2%, standard ceramic bracket 77%, and lingual bracket 76.5%). A significant difference was observed between the genders only about the interest in standard metal brackets and fixed functional appliances (p<0.05 for both). Interest in standard metal brackets decreased as respondents' work experience increased (p<0.05). The interest in self-ligating brackets was higher among respondents with 1-5 years of experience than among other respondents (p<0.05). Interest in self-ligating brackets increased more among lecturers and residents than among clinicians (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The interest of orthodontists in clear aligners showed the highest increase during the COVID-19 pandemic among all orthodontic appliances, whereas their interest in other appliances, particularly standard buccal metal brackets, did not change.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of flash-free and conventional adhesive brackets and different finishing techniques on enamel discoloration.

Methods: Forty human premolar teeth were utilized and randomly divided into four groups based on the type of brackets and finishing technique: (1) Gemini^® brackets were used for orthodontic bonding. After debanding, adhesive remnants were cleaned using a 12-blade tungsten carbide bur. (2) Gemini^® suspenders were used for orthodontic bonding. After debanding the brackets, adhesive remnants were cleaned using12-blade APC™ Flash-Free brackets were used for orthodontic bonding. After debanding, adhesive remnants were cleaned a 12-blade tungsten carbide bur and polished with Sof-Lex disks. (4) APC™ Flash-Free brackets were used for orthodontic bonding. After debanding, the adhesive remnants were cleaned using a 12-blade tungsten carbide bur. A Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer was used to measure the color change values of the 40 teeth.

Results: The color change of the enamel surface in the Flash Free bracket group was significantly less than that in the conventional groups (p=0.003 p˂0.05). The mean ΔE values obtained from the Sof-Lex groups were lower than those obtained from the groups without Sof-Lex, but these results were not statistically significant (p=0.280 p>0.05).

Conclusion: It is recommended to use Flash-Free brackets and polish with Sof-Lex disk following the clean-up procedures to minimize the possibility of discoloration of the teeth during orthodontic treatment.

Objective: To compare maxillary sinus volumes and surface areas among individuals with Class III skeletal patterns, with different sagittal positions of maxilla and Class I patients with normal jaw positions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: CBCT images of 168 patients were analyzed retrospectively. The calculated surface areas and sinus volumes of 58 patients with Class I, normal mandibular and maxillary position (0SNA>80, 82>SNB>78) were compared with 61 patients with Class III retrognathic maxillary and normal mandibular positions (MRs) (ANB<0, SNA<80, 82>SNB>78) and 49 patients with Class III normal maxillary and prognathic mandibular positions (MP) (ANB<0, 84>SNA>80, SNB>82). Also, volume differences between genders and sides were investigated. One-way ANOVA and t-test were used to compare age, gender, skeletal patterns, and maxillary sinus measurements.

Results: CBCT images of 94 females and 74 males were examined. There was no statistically significant difference in the right and left maxillary sinus volume and surface area measurements among Class I, Class III MR, and Class III MP groups (p>0.05). When the maxillary sinus volume and surface area were evaluated according to gender, the right maxillary sinus surface area and volume of males were found to be statistically significantly higher than those of females (p=0.012 and p=0.024). Similarly, the left maxillary sinus surface areas and volumes of males were also found to be significantly higher than those of females (p=0.000 and p=0.002).

Conclusion: Different sagittal positions of the maxilla do not appear to affect maxillary sinus volume, and males tend to have greater maxillary sinus volume than females. CBCT images can be used to calculate intrabony air spaces.

This systematic review was intended to evaluate the maxillary sinus dimensions in vertical and sagittal craniofacial patterns and to assess if there was a difference among the craniofacial patterns. A systematic search was performed in seven databases till February 2021. The risk of bias was performed with modified Newcastle Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects model. Twelve studies were included in the review and 8 in the meta-analysis. Compared to Class I malocclusion, the maxillary sinus area is greater in Class II and lesser in Class III malocclusion. On comparing normo-divergent growth pattern, the maxillary sinus area is lesser in hypo-divergent and greater in hyper-divergent individuals. Most of the studies were graded as satisfactory. The measurements are greater in hyper-divergent Class II malocclusion and in males.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the rate of orthodontic tooth movement assisted by piezocision and discission in extraction cases.

Methods: Twelve adults (20-35 years) requiring upper premolar extraction for orthodontic treatment were included in this preliminary parallel-arm clinical study. Participants (randomly allocated) in Groups A and B received piezocision and discision-assisted corticotomy cuts at the premolar extraction site, respectively, contralateral side served as the control. Canine retraction was started bilaterally using closed coil NiTi (Nickel titanium) springs. A schedule of fortnightly activation was followed for 3 months. Stage models were made monthly (M0, M1, M2, M3). Models were scanned using a 3-shape intraoral scanner, and the displacement of the canine was measured bilaterally in the stage models. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess patients pain and satisfaction levels on a visual analogue scale.

Results: The rate of canine retraction at the piezocision site was twice that at the control site in group A (p=0.007). The rate of canine retraction at the dissection site was twice that at the control site in group B (p=0.012). However, there was no significant difference in the rate of retraction between the two surgical techniques. Pain and disturbance were noticed in the discission group at 50 and 67% respectively.

Conclusion: Discision is comparable to piezocision for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Although dissection can speed orthodontic treatment, it should be used with caution as it could pose technical and clinical difficulties, particularly in the posterior buccal region of the oral cavity.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the maxillary and mandibular transverse dental arch widths and buccolingual inclinations of the molar teeth in patients with and without bilateral posterior crossbite (BPC) divided into different age groups.

Methods: The study included dental models from 120 patients (age: 12-18 years), including 60 with BPC (32 boys and 28 girls) and 60 without BPC (controls; 30 boys and 30 girls), who were divided into three age groups (12-14, 14-16, and 16-18 years). The centroid and lingual transverse arch widths, dental arch perimeters, dental arch depths, and buccolingual angulation of the molar teeth in the maxillary and mandibular regions were evaluated using scanned three-dimensional dental models.

Results: Dental arch parameters and buccolingual molar angulation did not significantly differ between the different age groups in either the patients with BPC or the controls (p>0.05). However, several dental arch width parameters differed significantly between sexes in both groups, with higher values in boys than in girls (p<0.05). The difference in the upper and lower molar buccolingual angulation between patients with BPC and controls was greater at the age of 16-18 years than the age of 12-14 years (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Patients with BPC have smaller maxillary dental arch widths and larger mandibular intermolar widths than those without BPC. The difference in the molar buccolingual angulation between them increases with advancing age.

Objective: To compare the short-term effects of the conventional twin-block (TB) appliance and the cervical headgear TB (CHG-TB) appliance on craniofacial structures.

Methods: The retrospective controlled study examined lateral cephalograms taken from 46 growing subjects. Individuals were divided into two groups according to the treatment. Group I consisted of 15 individuals (9 girls, 6 boys, mean age: 12.34±1.23 years) treated with the TB appliance and Group II consisted of 16 individuals (9 girls, 7 boys) treated with the CHG-TB appliance (mean age: 12.50±1.30 years). To distinguish the treatment effects of these appliances on growth, a control group of 15 untreated individuals (9 girls, 6 boys, mean age: 11.82±1.16 years) was included from the archives.

Results: Significant improvements were found in the interdental and maxillo-mandibular measurements in the treatment groups (p<0.001). Significant differences were observed in the SNA, SN/PP, and SN/GoGn values in the CHG-TB group compared to other groups (p<0.05). The mandible showed a significant downward movement in both treatment groups compared with the control group (p<0.001), while the change in SNB angle was statistically significant only in the TB group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Lower incisors showed significant proclination only in the TB group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The CHG-TB appliance was found to be more effective in limiting maxillary growth and preventing lower incisor proclination compared with the TB appliance, whereas the TB appliance was more effective in anterior mandibular movement.

This systematic review aimed to assess salivary flow and pH changes at various stages of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. A comprehensive searches in electronic databases, including Medline, ResearchGate, Web of Science, SAGE Journals, Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, and ScienceDirect, without any publication date restrictions until January 2022 was conducted. The Pre-ferred Reporting Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA 2020 version) protocol was adopted and the risk of bias assessments were performed using the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies. Out of 4902 articles, 25 were fully evaluated, and seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. The results showed that orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances increased the stimulated salivary flow rate during various stages of treatment. However, the unstimulated salivary flow rate showed different changes. Furthermore, stimulated salivary pH increased, whereas unstimulated salivary pH significantly decreased, depending on the specific period of orthodontic treatment. Overall, fixed orthodontic appliances have an impact on salivary flow rate and pH during different stages of treatment. Nevertheless, the current literature is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. More well-designedrandomized studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm these findings.