L. Cavalli, S. Sanna, Mia Alibegovic, F. Arras, G. Cocco, Luca Farnia, Emanuela Manca, L. Mulas, Marco Onnis, Sandro Ortu, Ilenia G. Romani, Marta Testa
Paramount to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the effective tackling of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) is the cooperation and coordination of the different levels of government—i.e. the supranational, national and local levels. This is due to the very nature of the SDGs, which are multi-dimensional and intended to guide and boost sustainable development at multiple scales. The European Union (EU) demonstrated a full commitment to the Agenda, making sustainable development a top priority. In fact, the five strategic objectives of the EU are modelled on the principles of the 2030 Agenda and the Cohesion Policy, EU’s most transversal policy, is designed to give a direct contribution to the tackling of the 17 SDGs. Introducing a new methodology to evaluate the sustainability of operational programmes co-financed by the EU, the following paper aims to contribute to the building literature around the question of monitoring public investments regarding sustainability criteria. By matching the 169 targets of the 2030 Agenda with the 143 intervention fields of the Cohesion Policy, with specific reference to Sardinia’s European Regional Development Fund and European Social Fund 2014–2020 Regional Operational Programmes, the present work introduces the key features of the model developed and its first results. The model could be of valuable support to policymakers who now have an innovative tool to monitor investments’ coherence with the sustainability standards of the 2030 Agenda.
{"title":"Sustainable development goals and the European Cohesion Policy: an application to the autonomous Region of Sardinia","authors":"L. Cavalli, S. Sanna, Mia Alibegovic, F. Arras, G. Cocco, Luca Farnia, Emanuela Manca, L. Mulas, Marco Onnis, Sandro Ortu, Ilenia G. Romani, Marta Testa","doi":"10.1093/jue/juab038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juab038","url":null,"abstract":"Paramount to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the effective tackling of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) is the cooperation and coordination of the different levels of government—i.e. the supranational, national and local levels. This is due to the very nature of the SDGs, which are multi-dimensional and intended to guide and boost sustainable development at multiple scales. The European Union (EU) demonstrated a full commitment to the Agenda, making sustainable development a top priority. In fact, the five strategic objectives of the EU are modelled on the principles of the 2030 Agenda and the Cohesion Policy, EU’s most transversal policy, is designed to give a direct contribution to the tackling of the 17 SDGs. Introducing a new methodology to evaluate the sustainability of operational programmes co-financed by the EU, the following paper aims to contribute to the building literature around the question of monitoring public investments regarding sustainability criteria. By matching the 169 targets of the 2030 Agenda with the 143 intervention fields of the Cohesion Policy, with specific reference to Sardinia’s European Regional Development Fund and European Social Fund 2014–2020 Regional Operational Programmes, the present work introduces the key features of the model developed and its first results. The model could be of valuable support to policymakers who now have an innovative tool to monitor investments’ coherence with the sustainability standards of the 2030 Agenda.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61021197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle L Lute, Christopher Serenari, Michael D. Drake, M. Peterson, Jennifer L. R. Jensen, C. Belyea, Colleen Olfenbuttel, Mallory White
Achieving human–carnivore coexistence is a growing challenge in an increasingly crowded world. In many cases, humans are already sharing landscapes with carnivores, but conditions promoting coexistence are not well understood. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are adaptable meso carnivores and their activities increasingly overlap with those of humans in urban environments. Does this overlap constitute coexistence? How do social variables situated within their rightful ecological contexts influence the potential for conflict? In this study, we explore aggregated social and land cover variables contributing to coexistence between humans and coyotes. We surveyed residents in four North Carolina cities on their perceptions, interactions and preferred management actions related to coyotes. We then modeled spatial patterns in urbanite interactions with and perceptions regarding coyotes and investigated how land cover characteristics may correlate with those perceptions. Our results suggest prior interactions and select land cover types may drive human coexistence with coyotes and contribute contextual understanding of urban socio-ecological systems to prevent conflict and effectively promote coexistence. Additional research that expands upon this study and explores spatial as well as temporal dimensions of human–wildlife coexistence is needed in diverse contexts.
{"title":"Modeling urban socio-ecological drivers of human– carnivore coexistence","authors":"Michelle L Lute, Christopher Serenari, Michael D. Drake, M. Peterson, Jennifer L. R. Jensen, C. Belyea, Colleen Olfenbuttel, Mallory White","doi":"10.1093/jue/juaa022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juaa022","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving human–carnivore coexistence is a growing challenge in an increasingly crowded world. In many cases, humans are already sharing landscapes with carnivores, but conditions promoting coexistence are not well understood. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are adaptable meso carnivores and their activities increasingly overlap with those of humans in urban environments. Does this overlap constitute coexistence? How do social variables situated within their rightful ecological contexts influence the potential for conflict? In this study, we explore aggregated social and land cover variables contributing to coexistence between humans and coyotes. We surveyed residents in four North Carolina cities on their perceptions, interactions and preferred management actions related to coyotes. We then modeled spatial patterns in urbanite interactions with and perceptions regarding coyotes and investigated how land cover characteristics may correlate with those perceptions. Our results suggest prior interactions and select land cover types may drive human coexistence with coyotes and contribute contextual understanding of urban socio-ecological systems to prevent conflict and effectively promote coexistence. Additional research that expands upon this study and explores spatial as well as temporal dimensions of human–wildlife coexistence is needed in diverse contexts.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/jue/juaa022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61020373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Maas, T. Helsloot, K. Takumi, J. V. D. van der Giessen
Rats in urban areas pose health risks as they can transmit various zoonotic pathogens. Monitoring rat populations in urban areas is therefore a key determinant in risk assessments for taking adequate control and preventive measures. However, large-scale and long-term monitoring of rat populations is labor-intensive and time consuming. The aim of this study was to develop a low-cost and low-time- consuming method to gain insight into the trends of rat populations in urban and non-urban environments in the Netherlands, and to identify potential drivers of these trends. From 2014 to 2018, local municipalities or their pest control organizations voluntarily submitted quarterly overviews of rat nuisance reports in urban areas. For non-urban areas, a nationwide record of reported bycatch species from the muskrat control was used to assess a potential trend. To identify potential drivers of observed trends, employees of nine municipalities were interviewed. Rat nuisance reports from 25 municipalities were analyzed. An increasing trend in rat nuisance reports was observed in 12, a decreasing trend in 3 and no trend in 10 municipalities. In non-urban areas, no trend in the bycatch of rats was detected. The increase in rat nuisance reports was associated with a large municipality resident size. No consistent drivers could be identified, but potential drivers were discussed in the interviews. Although it was not possible to quantify their influence on the rat population trends seen, they provide direction for future studies on drivers of rat populations.
{"title":"Assessing trends in rat populations in urban and non-urban environments in the Netherlands","authors":"M. Maas, T. Helsloot, K. Takumi, J. V. D. van der Giessen","doi":"10.1093/jue/juaa026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juaa026","url":null,"abstract":"Rats in urban areas pose health risks as they can transmit various zoonotic pathogens. Monitoring rat populations in urban areas is therefore a key determinant in risk assessments for taking adequate control and preventive measures. However, large-scale and long-term monitoring of rat populations is labor-intensive and time consuming. The aim of this study was to develop a low-cost and low-time- consuming method to gain insight into the trends of rat populations in urban and non-urban environments in the Netherlands, and to identify potential drivers of these trends. From 2014 to 2018, local municipalities or their pest control organizations voluntarily submitted quarterly overviews of rat nuisance reports in urban areas. For non-urban areas, a nationwide record of reported bycatch species from the muskrat control was used to assess a potential trend. To identify potential drivers of observed trends, employees of nine municipalities were interviewed. Rat nuisance reports from 25 municipalities were analyzed. An increasing trend in rat nuisance reports was observed in 12, a decreasing trend in 3 and no trend in 10 municipalities. In non-urban areas, no trend in the bycatch of rats was detected. The increase in rat nuisance reports was associated with a large municipality resident size. No consistent drivers could be identified, but potential drivers were discussed in the interviews. Although it was not possible to quantify their influence on the rat population trends seen, they provide direction for future studies on drivers of rat populations.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/jue/juaa026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61020497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban development alters landscape structure and available resources, potentially threatening avian diversity worldwide. However, it is unclear how bird communities respond in areas currently undergoing urban development, particularly in the non-breeding season. We examined avian communities at 8 parks in urban (within established urban matrix; >50% built cover) and 9 parks in exurban (within adjacent grassland; 5–20% built cover) areas in Sacramento County, CA. We measured bird species and abundance, conducting five line-transect surveys per park (85 total). We investigated factors influencing avian assemblage, including local habitat features (land cover, number of trees, fruiting trees and tree species, tree height and diameter at breast height, park size, park age), and landscape features (land cover within 500 m and distance to riparian habitat). Fifty bird species, including 15 migrants, were observed. Total species richness and abundance at urban and exurban parks was not significantly different, but community assemblages differed significantly. Park area positively predicted species richness. Abundance was negatively associated with inpark percent built cover, average number of fruiting trees and landscape-scale percent water cover. Species composition changes were associated with distance to riparian habitat and landscape percent grass cover for all but one exurban park; and with tree height, DBH and park and landscape percent tree cover for urban parks. The expansion of exurban areas in many parts of the world poses a significant risk for natural habitat loss. Parks in such areas should be planned to harbor some of the displaced biodiversity.
{"title":"Avian community composition, but not richness, differs between urban and exurban parks","authors":"A. Haas, Sara M. Kross, J. Kneitel","doi":"10.1093/jue/juaa028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juaa028","url":null,"abstract":"Urban development alters landscape structure and available resources, potentially threatening avian diversity worldwide. However, it is unclear how bird communities respond in areas currently undergoing urban development, particularly in the non-breeding season. We examined avian communities at 8 parks in urban (within established urban matrix; >50% built cover) and 9 parks in exurban (within adjacent grassland; 5–20% built cover) areas in Sacramento County, CA. We measured bird species and abundance, conducting five line-transect surveys per park (85 total). We investigated factors influencing avian assemblage, including local habitat features (land cover, number of trees, fruiting trees and tree species, tree height and diameter at breast height, park size, park age), and landscape features (land cover within 500 m and distance to riparian habitat). Fifty bird species, including 15 migrants, were observed. Total species richness and abundance at urban and exurban parks was not significantly different, but community assemblages differed significantly. Park area positively predicted species richness. Abundance was negatively associated with inpark percent built cover, average number of fruiting trees and landscape-scale percent water cover. Species composition changes were associated with distance to riparian habitat and landscape percent grass cover for all but one exurban park; and with tree height, DBH and park and landscape percent tree cover for urban parks. The expansion of exurban areas in many parts of the world poses a significant risk for natural habitat loss. Parks in such areas should be planned to harbor some of the displaced biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/jue/juaa028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61020552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite being intangible, subjective and difficult to measure, cultural ecosystem services (CES) are more comprehensible and meaningful to people than many other services. They contribute greatly to the quality of urban life and achieving sustainability. Yet, little attention has been paid to how CES might practically be incorporated into urban planning. This paper addresses this gap by examining the challenges planners might face when handling CES, establishing strategies for addressing the challenges and highlighting key factors planners should consider when planning for CES. CES differ greatly from other ecosystem services—they are definitionally vague, difficult to measure, often bundled with other services and depend on users’ perceptions and situational factors. Therefore, rather than adopting a deterministic approach to generating CES, we suggest that urban planners should seek to create opportunities for CES to ‘hatch’ and ‘grow’ as people encounter nature in cities. This paper draws from diverse theoretical considerations of the CES concept as well as greenspace planning scholarship and practice. We identify five factors that need to be considered when planning for CES: place, people, past, practices and purpose. We see the proposed ‘5P’ framework as a useful heuristic for planners when implementing CES in urban planning.
{"title":"Can we plan for urban cultural ecosystem services?","authors":"Neven Tandarić, C. Ives, C. Watkins","doi":"10.1093/jue/juaa016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juaa016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite being intangible, subjective and difficult to measure, cultural ecosystem services (CES) are more comprehensible and meaningful to people than many other services. They contribute greatly to the quality of urban life and achieving sustainability. Yet, little attention has been paid to how CES might practically be incorporated into urban planning. This paper addresses this gap by examining the challenges planners might face when handling CES, establishing strategies for addressing the challenges and highlighting key factors planners should consider when planning for CES. CES differ greatly from other ecosystem services—they are definitionally vague, difficult to measure, often bundled with other services and depend on users’ perceptions and situational factors. Therefore, rather than adopting a deterministic approach to generating CES, we suggest that urban planners should seek to create opportunities for CES to ‘hatch’ and ‘grow’ as people encounter nature in cities. This paper draws from diverse theoretical considerations of the CES concept as well as greenspace planning scholarship and practice. We identify five factors that need to be considered when planning for CES: place, people, past, practices and purpose. We see the proposed ‘5P’ framework as a useful heuristic for planners when implementing CES in urban planning.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/jue/juaa016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48982022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Pirzio Biroli, B. V. Doren, A. Grabowska-Zhang
Increasing global urbanisation has steered research towards understanding biodiversity in urban areas. Old city spaces throughout Europe have a proliferation of urban court gardens, which can create a mosaic of habitat pockets in an urban area. This article examines the patterns and drivers of avian species richness and community structure in 20 gardens of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford. We conducted morning surveys across 7 weeks in May and June 2017 and used an information-theoretic approach and model averaging to identify important habitat predictors of species richness. We also studied community structure with Sorensen indices and non-metric multi-dimensional analysis. A total of 43 avian species were observed across all sites. Our sites generally differed in their avian assemblages, with greater species turnover than nestedness between sites. Site area was the strongest predictor of site species richness and surrounding habitat composition was the dominant driver of community structure. Thus, the largest gardens were the most species rich, but species composition among gardens differed based on the habitats in which they were embedded. We support using island biogeography theory to understand the avian species assemblages of urban ecosystems and stress the suitability of our study sites for future urban ecosystem research and generating wildlife awareness.
{"title":"Drivers of avian species richness and community structure in urban courtyard gardens","authors":"Alessandro Pirzio Biroli, B. V. Doren, A. Grabowska-Zhang","doi":"10.1093/JUE/JUZ026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JUE/JUZ026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increasing global urbanisation has steered research towards understanding biodiversity in urban areas. Old city spaces throughout Europe have a proliferation of urban court gardens, which can create a mosaic of habitat pockets in an urban area. This article examines the patterns and drivers of avian species richness and community structure in 20 gardens of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford. We conducted morning surveys across 7 weeks in May and June 2017 and used an information-theoretic approach and model averaging to identify important habitat predictors of species richness. We also studied community structure with Sorensen indices and non-metric multi-dimensional analysis. A total of 43 avian species were observed across all sites. Our sites generally differed in their avian assemblages, with greater species turnover than nestedness between sites. Site area was the strongest predictor of site species richness and surrounding habitat composition was the dominant driver of community structure. Thus, the largest gardens were the most species rich, but species composition among gardens differed based on the habitats in which they were embedded. We support using island biogeography theory to understand the avian species assemblages of urban ecosystems and stress the suitability of our study sites for future urban ecosystem research and generating wildlife awareness.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/JUE/JUZ026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48366651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Borray-Escalante, D. Mazzoni, A. Ortega-Segalerva, L. Arroyo, V. Morera‐Pujol, J. González‐Solís, J. Senar
Food is a main limiting factor for most populations. As a consequence, knowledge about the diet of invasive alien species determines the design of control measures. The Monk and Rose-ringed parakeets are two typical species of successful invasive parrots that are highly appreciated by people. Although some observations suggest that Monk parakeets rely on a higher percentage of anthropogenic food than Rose-ringed parakeets, no detailed quantitative data is available. The aim of this study was to compare the diet of the two parakeets using stable isotope analysis (SIA). We performed SIA of carbon and nitrogen in feathers collected in Barcelona, Spain. We also measured isotopic ratios for potential food sources. We reconstructed the diet of parakeets using Bayesian mixing models. The two species differed in the isotopic signatures of their feathers for both δ13C and δ15N. Diet reconstruction showed that Monk parakeets feed mainly on anthropogenic food (41.7%), herbaceous plants (26.9%) and leaves/seeds (22.2%), while Rose-ringed parakeets feed mainly on flowers/fruits (44.1%), anthropogenic food provided in the trap located at the museum (32.4%) and leaves/seeds (23.1%). The more detailed information we can obtain from the diet of these species is useful to develop more effective control measures for their populations. The Monk parakeet may be more susceptible to control through education local residents, given the greater use of anthropogenic food in this species compared to Rose-ringed parakeet. Our conclusions also indicate that SIA is a powerful tool in providing crucial information about the diet and informing measures to control invasive species.
{"title":"Diet assessments as a tool to control invasive species: comparison between Monk and Rose-ringed parakeets with stable isotopes","authors":"N. A. Borray-Escalante, D. Mazzoni, A. Ortega-Segalerva, L. Arroyo, V. Morera‐Pujol, J. González‐Solís, J. Senar","doi":"10.1093/jue/juaa005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juaa005","url":null,"abstract":"Food is a main limiting factor for most populations. As a consequence, knowledge about the diet of invasive alien species determines the design of control measures. The Monk and Rose-ringed parakeets are two typical species of successful invasive parrots that are highly appreciated by people. Although some observations suggest that Monk parakeets rely on a higher percentage of anthropogenic food than Rose-ringed parakeets, no detailed quantitative data is available. The aim of this study was to compare the diet of the two parakeets using stable isotope analysis (SIA). We performed SIA of carbon and nitrogen in feathers collected in Barcelona, Spain. We also measured isotopic ratios for potential food sources. We reconstructed the diet of parakeets using Bayesian mixing models. The two species differed in the isotopic signatures of their feathers for both δ13C and δ15N. Diet reconstruction showed that Monk parakeets feed mainly on anthropogenic food (41.7%), herbaceous plants (26.9%) and leaves/seeds (22.2%), while Rose-ringed parakeets feed mainly on flowers/fruits (44.1%), anthropogenic food provided in the trap located at the museum (32.4%) and leaves/seeds (23.1%). The more detailed information we can obtain from the diet of these species is useful to develop more effective control measures for their populations. The Monk parakeet may be more susceptible to control through education local residents, given the greater use of anthropogenic food in this species compared to Rose-ringed parakeet. Our conclusions also indicate that SIA is a powerful tool in providing crucial information about the diet and informing measures to control invasive species.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/jue/juaa005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42678690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite their increasing popularity in an urban setting, we still know relatively little in how well-extensive green roofs support biodiversity in terms of vertical connectivity from terrestrial habitats. Most green roof biodiversity studies have not considered whether the roof height affects community composition and abundance of species present. This study focused on evaluating beetle diversity and abundance in relation to roof height, with emphasis on wildflower roofs. The key results of the study confirm previous studies found that extensive wildflower green roofs are capable of supporting fairly rich beetle communities, including some rare/scarce species. However, an increase of roof height was found to negatively impact both beetle abundance and richness, despite all recorded species being well adapted to active flight and thus dispersal. In addition forb cover decreased with roof height which consequently influenced beetle community structure. These results are therefore indicative that further research is required on species communities found on extensive green roofs that are less adapted to active flight and consequently vertical dispersal. This study further highlights the need for vertical and horizontal connectivity between green roofs and the surrounding natural habitats as a management tool to increase the general ecological value of urban green spaces.
{"title":"Vertical life: impact of roof height on beetle diversity and abundance on wildflower green roofs","authors":"William P Mills, A. Rott","doi":"10.1093/jue/juaa017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juaa017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite their increasing popularity in an urban setting, we still know relatively little in how well-extensive green roofs support biodiversity in terms of vertical connectivity from terrestrial habitats. Most green roof biodiversity studies have not considered whether the roof height affects community composition and abundance of species present. This study focused on evaluating beetle diversity and abundance in relation to roof height, with emphasis on wildflower roofs. The key results of the study confirm previous studies found that extensive wildflower green roofs are capable of supporting fairly rich beetle communities, including some rare/scarce species. However, an increase of roof height was found to negatively impact both beetle abundance and richness, despite all recorded species being well adapted to active flight and thus dispersal. In addition forb cover decreased with roof height which consequently influenced beetle community structure. These results are therefore indicative that further research is required on species communities found on extensive green roofs that are less adapted to active flight and consequently vertical dispersal. This study further highlights the need for vertical and horizontal connectivity between green roofs and the surrounding natural habitats as a management tool to increase the general ecological value of urban green spaces.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/jue/juaa017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46701843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Jere, Apeksha Darshetkar, A. Patwardhan, Pankaj Koparde
Understanding species responses to urbanization is important to realize their specific conservation needs. Odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) are freshwater insects perceived as good ecological indicators. To investigate responses of tropical odonates to an urbanization gradient, we sampled adult odonates along an urbanization gradient at six sites along the Mula River across Pune City, Maharashtra, India. For species–habitat analysis, we first performed a variable reduction using principal component analysis. we analyzed species–habitat data using redundancy analysis and canonical correspondence analysis. We documented 15 odonates across 6 sites. Our statistical analyses on patterns of odonate assemblages across sites and environmental variables did not return significant results. However, we detected site-exclusivity in a few species based on occurrence data and identified urban sensitive, urban tolerant and generalist species. We found that the odonate diversity was highest at a moderately urbanized site. We believe that increase in diversity due to moderate amounts of disturbance can be explained by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Based on our data, we suggest that for the conservation of odonates in the urban context, anthropogenic disturbance needs to be regulated. Here, we demonstrate that understanding species–habitat associations is the first step towards understanding their ecological and conservation requirements. To conserve odonates and rivers in metropolitan cities like Pune, restoring original river-side habitat and reducing the disturbance at highly urbanized sites to at least intermediate levels needs to be done on an urgent basis.
{"title":"Assessing the response of odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) to a tropical urbanization gradient","authors":"A. Jere, Apeksha Darshetkar, A. Patwardhan, Pankaj Koparde","doi":"10.1093/jue/juaa029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juaa029","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding species responses to urbanization is important to realize their specific conservation needs. Odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) are freshwater insects perceived as good ecological indicators. To investigate responses of tropical odonates to an urbanization gradient, we sampled adult odonates along an urbanization gradient at six sites along the Mula River across Pune City, Maharashtra, India. For species–habitat analysis, we first performed a variable reduction using principal component analysis. we analyzed species–habitat data using redundancy analysis and canonical correspondence analysis. We documented 15 odonates across 6 sites. Our statistical analyses on patterns of odonate assemblages across sites and environmental variables did not return significant results. However, we detected site-exclusivity in a few species based on occurrence data and identified urban sensitive, urban tolerant and generalist species. We found that the odonate diversity was highest at a moderately urbanized site. We believe that increase in diversity due to moderate amounts of disturbance can be explained by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Based on our data, we suggest that for the conservation of odonates in the urban context, anthropogenic disturbance needs to be regulated. Here, we demonstrate that understanding species–habitat associations is the first step towards understanding their ecological and conservation requirements. To conserve odonates and rivers in metropolitan cities like Pune, restoring original river-side habitat and reducing the disturbance at highly urbanized sites to at least intermediate levels needs to be done on an urgent basis.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/jue/juaa029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61020845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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