John B. Clayton, Reynaldo Patiño, Rakib H Rashel, Shisbeth Tábora-Sarmiento
The Jim Bertram Lake System consists of several stream impoundments within the City of Lubbock, Texas (USA). Baseflow in the upstream reach is dominated by nitrogen-rich-treated wastewater. While toxic blooms of Prymnesium parvum have occurred in this system for ∼2 decades during fall or winter-spring, little is known about water quality variables that facilitate blooms or the alga’s spatiotemporal distribution. Water quality associations were examined monthly over a 1-year period. Total phosphorus was largely below the detection limit, suggesting that the system is phosphorus limited. Algal abundance was low during the assessment period and associations were determined using multiple logistic regression. Algal incidence was negatively associated with temperature and positively with organic nitrogen and calcium hardness. These findings conform with earlier reports but positive associations with the latter two variables are noteworthy because they have not been widely confirmed. Spatiotemporal distribution was evaluated in fall and winter-spring of three consecutive years. Prymnesium parvum incidence was higher in the upper than in the lower reach, and detections in the lower reach occurred only after a dense bloom developed in the upper reach contemporaneously with stormwater runoff-associated flooding. Thus, the upstream reach is a major source of propagules for downstream sites. Because urban runoff is a source of phosphorus and its nitrogen: phosphorus ratio is lower than prevailing ratios in the upper reach, what triggered the bloom was likely relief from phosphorus limitation. This study provided water quality, geographic and hydrological indices that may inform prevention and control methods for harmful algae in nitrogen-enriched urban systems.
{"title":"Water quality associations and spatiotemporal distribution of the harmful alga Prymnesium parvum in an impounded urban stream system","authors":"John B. Clayton, Reynaldo Patiño, Rakib H Rashel, Shisbeth Tábora-Sarmiento","doi":"10.1093/JUE/JUAB011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JUE/JUAB011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Jim Bertram Lake System consists of several stream impoundments within the City of Lubbock, Texas (USA). Baseflow in the upstream reach is dominated by nitrogen-rich-treated wastewater. While toxic blooms of Prymnesium parvum have occurred in this system for ∼2 decades during fall or winter-spring, little is known about water quality variables that facilitate blooms or the alga’s spatiotemporal distribution. Water quality associations were examined monthly over a 1-year period. Total phosphorus was largely below the detection limit, suggesting that the system is phosphorus limited. Algal abundance was low during the assessment period and associations were determined using multiple logistic regression. Algal incidence was negatively associated with temperature and positively with organic nitrogen and calcium hardness. These findings conform with earlier reports but positive associations with the latter two variables are noteworthy because they have not been widely confirmed. Spatiotemporal distribution was evaluated in fall and winter-spring of three consecutive years. Prymnesium parvum incidence was higher in the upper than in the lower reach, and detections in the lower reach occurred only after a dense bloom developed in the upper reach contemporaneously with stormwater runoff-associated flooding. Thus, the upstream reach is a major source of propagules for downstream sites. Because urban runoff is a source of phosphorus and its nitrogen: phosphorus ratio is lower than prevailing ratios in the upper reach, what triggered the bloom was likely relief from phosphorus limitation. This study provided water quality, geographic and hydrological indices that may inform prevention and control methods for harmful algae in nitrogen-enriched urban systems.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/JUE/JUAB011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43632196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The urban conglomeration has accentuated the role of urban greenery as a determinant factor for sustainable living, especially in highly dense cities. The country of Singapore has consistently attempted to develop and rehabilitate urban greenery by attempting to align the green space policy with the pursuit of better life quality. In this study, we assess the benefits arising from the rehabilitated Bishan-Ang Mo Kio (AMK) Park in north Singapore and the effects on economic welfare. The Bishan-AMK Park was initially constructed in the late 70 s as a drainage area for the avoidance of flooding incidents. In 2012, a pilot project was introduced to create a blue-green infrastructure (BGI) space for the provision of drainage and flood prevention but also for recreational and environmental improvement in the area. Yet, the benefits emerging from BGI are not well explored and still underestimated. To this extent, we evaluate selected services related to recreational, socio-cultural and tourism-related values by indicating the economic benefits from the introduction of BGI in condensed urban environments like Singapore. The findings indicate that the benefits deriving from the selected services could be within the range of US$100 million to US$220 million with a mean value of US$160 million per year by substantially contributing to human well-being. The assessment of environmental services can raise the awareness of residents and local authorities on the contribution of urban greenery to livelihoods and economic development in Singapore and similar densely populated areas.
{"title":"Economic assessment of urban space and blue-green infrastructure in Singapore","authors":"Mabel Lim, S. Xenarios","doi":"10.1093/jue/juab020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juab020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The urban conglomeration has accentuated the role of urban greenery as a determinant factor for sustainable living, especially in highly dense cities. The country of Singapore has consistently attempted to develop and rehabilitate urban greenery by attempting to align the green space policy with the pursuit of better life quality. In this study, we assess the benefits arising from the rehabilitated Bishan-Ang Mo Kio (AMK) Park in north Singapore and the effects on economic welfare. The Bishan-AMK Park was initially constructed in the late 70 s as a drainage area for the avoidance of flooding incidents. In 2012, a pilot project was introduced to create a blue-green infrastructure (BGI) space for the provision of drainage and flood prevention but also for recreational and environmental improvement in the area. Yet, the benefits emerging from BGI are not well explored and still underestimated. To this extent, we evaluate selected services related to recreational, socio-cultural and tourism-related values by indicating the economic benefits from the introduction of BGI in condensed urban environments like Singapore. The findings indicate that the benefits deriving from the selected services could be within the range of US$100 million to US$220 million with a mean value of US$160 million per year by substantially contributing to human well-being. The assessment of environmental services can raise the awareness of residents and local authorities on the contribution of urban greenery to livelihoods and economic development in Singapore and similar densely populated areas.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48181028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban landscapes have the potential to conserve wildlife. Despite increasing recognition of this potential, there are few collaborative efforts to integrate ecology and conservation principles into context-dependent, spatial and actionable design strategies. To address this issue and to encourage multi-disciplinary research on urban human–wildlife interactions, we ask the following questions. To what extent should design and planning actions be aligned with urban ecology in the context of a compact city? How can wildlife conservation meet the seemingly conflictual demands of urban development and public preference? To answer these questions, we refer to the relevant literature and a number of design projects. Using the compact tropical city of Singapore as a case study, we propose 12 design strategies. We encourage designers and planners to strengthen the links between wildlife and urban dwellers and promote wildlife conservation within cities.
{"title":"Landscape design approaches to enhance human–wildlife interactions in a compact tropical city","authors":"Yun Hye Hwang, Anuj Jain","doi":"10.1093/JUE/JUAB007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JUE/JUAB007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Urban landscapes have the potential to conserve wildlife. Despite increasing recognition of this potential, there are few collaborative efforts to integrate ecology and conservation principles into context-dependent, spatial and actionable design strategies. To address this issue and to encourage multi-disciplinary research on urban human–wildlife interactions, we ask the following questions. To what extent should design and planning actions be aligned with urban ecology in the context of a compact city? How can wildlife conservation meet the seemingly conflictual demands of urban development and public preference? To answer these questions, we refer to the relevant literature and a number of design projects. Using the compact tropical city of Singapore as a case study, we propose 12 design strategies. We encourage designers and planners to strengthen the links between wildlife and urban dwellers and promote wildlife conservation within cities.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/JUE/JUAB007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44225510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Openly available species observation records on various online platforms achieve good coverage in urban areas. Thus, such digital data could provide a basis for biodiversity assessments in cities. Here, we investigated suitability of open digital species occurrence data, compared with systematically field surveyed data, in Freiburg, Germany (a Western city) and Dhaka, Bangladesh (a global-South city). We focused on resident bird species richness as an indicator of local biodiversity. We collected avian records for urban areas from ‘ornitho.de’ in Freiburg and ‘gbif.org’ in Dhaka. Additionally, we conducted point count surveys at several urban locations in both cities. Using these records, we prepared three grid (cell size 250 m × 250 m) based datasets—open digital dataset (i.e. records compiled from well-surveyed grid cells), field surveyed dataset (i.e. records of systematic bird surveys) and combined dataset (i.e. digital data and field data combined). We compared the relationship of resident bird richness with different habitat factors by applying linear regression models, separately using each of the three datasets. We assessed suitability of data from online platforms by comparing the variables retained after model selection based on digital data versus field surveyed data. We found that field surveyed data and combined data did not alter general understanding of the key driving factors of bird richness patterns we obtained from open digital data. This held for both case examples, Freiburg vs. Dhaka, respectively. This suggests that open digital data from well-surveyed urban locations can provide a suitable basis to assess drivers of biodiversity patterns within cities.
在各种网络平台上公开的物种观测记录在城市地区实现了良好的覆盖。因此，这些数字数据可以为城市生物多样性评估提供依据。本文以德国弗莱堡(西部城市)和孟加拉国达卡(全球南部城市)为研究对象，对比了开放式数字物种发生数据与系统野外调查数据的适宜性。我们将留鸟物种丰富度作为当地生物多样性的指标。我们从弗莱堡的“ornitho.de”和达卡的“gbif.org”上收集了城市地区的鸟类记录。此外，我们在两个城市的几个城市地点进行了点数调查。利用这些记录，我们准备了三个基于网格(单元大小为250 m × 250 m)的数据集——开放数字数据集(即从充分调查的网格单元中汇编的记录)、实地调查数据集(即系统鸟类调查记录)和组合数据集(即数字数据和实地数据的组合)。分别利用3个数据集，应用线性回归模型比较了留鸟丰富度与不同生境因子的关系。我们通过比较基于数字数据和实地调查数据的模型选择后保留的变量来评估在线平台数据的适用性。我们发现，野外调查数据和组合数据并没有改变我们从开放数字数据中获得的鸟类丰富度格局关键驱动因素的一般理解。这一点分别适用于弗赖堡和达卡这两个案例。这表明，来自经过充分调查的城市地点的开放数字数据可以为评估城市内生物多样性模式的驱动因素提供合适的基础。
{"title":"Suitability of open digital species records for assessing biodiversity patterns in cities: a case study using avian records","authors":"M. Sultana, I. Storch","doi":"10.1093/JUE/JUAB014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JUE/JUAB014","url":null,"abstract":"Openly available species observation records on various online platforms achieve good coverage in urban areas. Thus, such digital data could provide a basis for biodiversity assessments in cities. Here, we investigated suitability of open digital species occurrence data, compared with systematically field surveyed data, in Freiburg, Germany (a Western city) and Dhaka, Bangladesh (a global-South city). We focused on resident bird species richness as an indicator of local biodiversity. We collected avian records for urban areas from ‘ornitho.de’ in Freiburg and ‘gbif.org’ in Dhaka. Additionally, we conducted point count surveys at several urban locations in both cities. Using these records, we prepared three grid (cell size 250 m × 250 m) based datasets—open digital dataset (i.e. records compiled from well-surveyed grid cells), field surveyed dataset (i.e. records of systematic bird surveys) and combined dataset (i.e. digital data and field data combined). We compared the relationship of resident bird richness with different habitat factors by applying linear regression models, separately using each of the three datasets. We assessed suitability of data from online platforms by comparing the variables retained after model selection based on digital data versus field surveyed data. We found that field surveyed data and combined data did not alter general understanding of the key driving factors of bird richness patterns we obtained from open digital data. This held for both case examples, Freiburg vs. Dhaka, respectively. This suggests that open digital data from well-surveyed urban locations can provide a suitable basis to assess drivers of biodiversity patterns within cities.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/JUE/JUAB014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48189812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Chowdhury, Shihab Ahmad Shahriar, M. Böhm, Anuj Jain, U. Aich, M. Zalucki, T. Hesselberg, F. Morelli, Yanina Benedetti, A. Persson, D. K. Roy, Saim Rahman, Sultan Ahmed, R. Fuller
Cities currently harbour more than half of the world’s human population and continued urban expansion replaces natural landscapes and increases habitat fragmentation. The impacts of urbanisation on biodiversity have been extensively studied in some parts of the world, but there is limited information from South Asia, despite the rapid expansion of cities in the region. Here, we present the results of monthly surveys of butterflies in three urban parks in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, over a 3-year period (January 2014 to December 2016). We recorded 45% (137 of the 305 species) of the country’s butterfly richness, and 40% of the species detected are listed as nationally threatened. However, butterfly species richness declined rapidly in the three study areas over the 3-year period, and the decline appeared to be more severe among threatened species. We developed linear mixed effect models to assess the relationship between climatic variables and butterfly species richness. Overall, species richness was positively associated with maximum temperature and negatively with mean relative humidity and saturation deficit. Our results demonstrate the importance of urban green spaces for nationally threatened butterflies. With rapidly declining urban green spaces in Dhaka and other South Asian cities, we are likely to lose refuges for threatened fauna. There is an urgent need to understand urban biodiversity dynamics in the region, and for proactive management of urban green spaces to protect butterflies in South Asia.
{"title":"Urban green spaces in Dhaka, Bangladesh, harbour nearly half the country’s butterfly diversity","authors":"S. Chowdhury, Shihab Ahmad Shahriar, M. Böhm, Anuj Jain, U. Aich, M. Zalucki, T. Hesselberg, F. Morelli, Yanina Benedetti, A. Persson, D. K. Roy, Saim Rahman, Sultan Ahmed, R. Fuller","doi":"10.1093/JUE/JUAB008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JUE/JUAB008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cities currently harbour more than half of the world’s human population and continued urban expansion replaces natural landscapes and increases habitat fragmentation. The impacts of urbanisation on biodiversity have been extensively studied in some parts of the world, but there is limited information from South Asia, despite the rapid expansion of cities in the region. Here, we present the results of monthly surveys of butterflies in three urban parks in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, over a 3-year period (January 2014 to December 2016). We recorded 45% (137 of the 305 species) of the country’s butterfly richness, and 40% of the species detected are listed as nationally threatened. However, butterfly species richness declined rapidly in the three study areas over the 3-year period, and the decline appeared to be more severe among threatened species. We developed linear mixed effect models to assess the relationship between climatic variables and butterfly species richness. Overall, species richness was positively associated with maximum temperature and negatively with mean relative humidity and saturation deficit. Our results demonstrate the importance of urban green spaces for nationally threatened butterflies. With rapidly declining urban green spaces in Dhaka and other South Asian cities, we are likely to lose refuges for threatened fauna. There is an urgent need to understand urban biodiversity dynamics in the region, and for proactive management of urban green spaces to protect butterflies in South Asia.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47271959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Scavo, R. Barrera, Limarie J. Reyes-Torres, D. Yee
Mosquito community dynamics in urban areas are influenced by an array of both social and ecological factors. Human socioeconomic factors (SEF) can be related to mosquito abundance and diversity as urban mosquito development sites are modified by varying human activity, e.g., level of abandoned structures or amount of accumulated trash. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationships among mosquito diversity, populations of Aedes aegypti, and SEF in a tropical urban setting. Mosquitoes were collected using BG Sentinel 2 traps and CDC light traps during three periods between late 2018 and early 2019 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and were identified to species. SEFs (i.e. median household income, population density, college-level educational attainment, unemployment, health insurance coverage, percentage of households below the poverty line, amount of trash and level of abandoned homes) were measured using foot surveys and U.S. Census data. We found 19 species with the two most abundant species being Culex quinquefasciatus (n = 10 641, 87.6%) and Ae. aegypti (n = 1558, 12.8%). We found a positive association between Ae. aegypti abundance and mosquito diversity, which were both negatively related to SES and ecological factors. Specifically, lower socioeconomic status neighborhoods had both more Ae. aegypti and more diverse communities, due to more favorable development habitat, indicating that control efforts should be focused in these areas.
{"title":"Lower socioeconomic status neighborhoods in Puerto Rico have more diverse mosquito communities and higher Aedes aegypti abundance","authors":"N. Scavo, R. Barrera, Limarie J. Reyes-Torres, D. Yee","doi":"10.1093/JUE/JUAB009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JUE/JUAB009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mosquito community dynamics in urban areas are influenced by an array of both social and ecological factors. Human socioeconomic factors (SEF) can be related to mosquito abundance and diversity as urban mosquito development sites are modified by varying human activity, e.g., level of abandoned structures or amount of accumulated trash. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationships among mosquito diversity, populations of Aedes aegypti, and SEF in a tropical urban setting. Mosquitoes were collected using BG Sentinel 2 traps and CDC light traps during three periods between late 2018 and early 2019 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and were identified to species. SEFs (i.e. median household income, population density, college-level educational attainment, unemployment, health insurance coverage, percentage of households below the poverty line, amount of trash and level of abandoned homes) were measured using foot surveys and U.S. Census data. We found 19 species with the two most abundant species being Culex quinquefasciatus (n = 10 641, 87.6%) and Ae. aegypti (n = 1558, 12.8%). We found a positive association between Ae. aegypti abundance and mosquito diversity, which were both negatively related to SES and ecological factors. Specifically, lower socioeconomic status neighborhoods had both more Ae. aegypti and more diverse communities, due to more favorable development habitat, indicating that control efforts should be focused in these areas.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41788356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Both vegetation abundance and community composition play important roles in functions of green roofs (e.g. stormwater retention, habitat provision, aesthetic appearance). However, green roofs’ vegetation, and hence their functions, can change significantly over time. More understanding of these changes is required, particularly in cold climates. Therefore, this study investigated vascular plant covers and species compositions on 41 roof sections located in Sweden’s subarctic and continental climate zones. For the roof sections with a known originally intended vascular plant composition (n = 32), on average 24 ± 9% of the intended species were detected in surveys, and unintended species accounted for 69 ± 3% of the species found. However, most colonizing species formed sparse cover on the roofs. Thus, they may make less contributions to green roofs’ potential functionalities related to vegetation density (e.g. social perception, effectiveness in stormwater management and thermal performance) than the intended vegetation. The intended species dominated plant cover (93 ± 3%) and Sedum acre (58 ± 36% cover) was the most commonly detected species and as found in previous studies, substrate depth was positively related to both plant cover and species richness. Contrary to a hypothesis, the roofs’ vascular plant cover was not related to species richness but was significantly and negatively correlated with moss cover. The results highlight the importance of substrate depth for both plant abundance and species diversity and show that even in a cold climate, colonizing unintended species can strongly contribute to green roofs’ species richness.
{"title":"Vegetation cover and plant diversity on cold climate green roofs","authors":"Joel Lönnqvist, G. Blecken, M. Viklander","doi":"10.1093/JUE/JUAA035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JUE/JUAA035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Both vegetation abundance and community composition play important roles in functions of green roofs (e.g. stormwater retention, habitat provision, aesthetic appearance). However, green roofs’ vegetation, and hence their functions, can change significantly over time. More understanding of these changes is required, particularly in cold climates. Therefore, this study investigated vascular plant covers and species compositions on 41 roof sections located in Sweden’s subarctic and continental climate zones. For the roof sections with a known originally intended vascular plant composition (n = 32), on average 24 ± 9% of the intended species were detected in surveys, and unintended species accounted for 69 ± 3% of the species found. However, most colonizing species formed sparse cover on the roofs. Thus, they may make less contributions to green roofs’ potential functionalities related to vegetation density (e.g. social perception, effectiveness in stormwater management and thermal performance) than the intended vegetation. The intended species dominated plant cover (93 ± 3%) and Sedum acre (58 ± 36% cover) was the most commonly detected species and as found in previous studies, substrate depth was positively related to both plant cover and species richness. Contrary to a hypothesis, the roofs’ vascular plant cover was not related to species richness but was significantly and negatively correlated with moss cover. The results highlight the importance of substrate depth for both plant abundance and species diversity and show that even in a cold climate, colonizing unintended species can strongly contribute to green roofs’ species richness.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/JUE/JUAA035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46296185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. MacGregor‐Fors, M. García-Arroyo, D. J. Kotze, Elina Ojala, H. Setälä, Saara Vauramo
In 2020, a small urban center from southern Finland, the City of Lahti, was awarded the 2021 European Green Capital, which recognizes and rewards local efforts that seek to improve the urban environment, together with its economy and the quality of life for its inhabitants, further posing ambitious goals for ecological improvement. In this commentary, we describe some of the key elements that made Lahti the 2021 European Green Capital, as well as some of the future plans for the city. We also highlight the importance of research-based knowledge as the foundation for achieving better outcomes in urban decision making.
{"title":"A more sustainable urban future calls for action: the city of Lahti as European Green Capital 2021","authors":"I. MacGregor‐Fors, M. García-Arroyo, D. J. Kotze, Elina Ojala, H. Setälä, Saara Vauramo","doi":"10.1093/jue/juab026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juab026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 2020, a small urban center from southern Finland, the City of Lahti, was awarded the 2021 European Green Capital, which recognizes and rewards local efforts that seek to improve the urban environment, together with its economy and the quality of life for its inhabitants, further posing ambitious goals for ecological improvement. In this commentary, we describe some of the key elements that made Lahti the 2021 European Green Capital, as well as some of the future plans for the city. We also highlight the importance of research-based knowledge as the foundation for achieving better outcomes in urban decision making.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48261118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. J. Thorne, Eryk Matczak, Melinda J. Donnelly, M. Franke, K. Kerr
While some species thrive in urban areas, many are absent from such environments. Those that are successful often have high behavioural flexibility that allows them to exploit new niches in a human-modified landscape. Northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) is an endangered bat species rarely identified in urban areas, though it is unclear whether this is due to absence or difficulties in surveying. We investigated the ecology of a population of northern myotis within Canada’s largest conurbation, including reproductive status, roosting preference, and movements. Using capture surveys, we confirmed the presence of reproductive females and healthy juveniles over two seasons. Using radio telemetry and acoustic surveys, we identified a cluster of tree roosts in the centre of the forest, and foraging areas concentrated around waterways within the bounds of the forest. These observations suggest the roosting and movement ecology of this population is similar to that observed for this species in rural environments, despite the urban surroundings. Our results suggest that northern myotis is not a synurbic species but can occur within urbanized environments when suitable habitat is available. We suggest that large forest patches with mature, interior forest cover are likely to be an important resource for northern myotis, and they will be vulnerable to the loss or fragmentation of these features in rapidly urbanizing landscapes. These findings are highly relevant to the ecology and preservation of northern myotis and present a case for greater consideration of this species in urban forests.
{"title":"Occurrence of a forest-dwelling bat, northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), within Canada’s largest conurbation","authors":"T. J. Thorne, Eryk Matczak, Melinda J. Donnelly, M. Franke, K. Kerr","doi":"10.1093/jue/juab029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juab029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While some species thrive in urban areas, many are absent from such environments. Those that are successful often have high behavioural flexibility that allows them to exploit new niches in a human-modified landscape. Northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) is an endangered bat species rarely identified in urban areas, though it is unclear whether this is due to absence or difficulties in surveying. We investigated the ecology of a population of northern myotis within Canada’s largest conurbation, including reproductive status, roosting preference, and movements. Using capture surveys, we confirmed the presence of reproductive females and healthy juveniles over two seasons. Using radio telemetry and acoustic surveys, we identified a cluster of tree roosts in the centre of the forest, and foraging areas concentrated around waterways within the bounds of the forest. These observations suggest the roosting and movement ecology of this population is similar to that observed for this species in rural environments, despite the urban surroundings. Our results suggest that northern myotis is not a synurbic species but can occur within urbanized environments when suitable habitat is available. We suggest that large forest patches with mature, interior forest cover are likely to be an important resource for northern myotis, and they will be vulnerable to the loss or fragmentation of these features in rapidly urbanizing landscapes. These findings are highly relevant to the ecology and preservation of northern myotis and present a case for greater consideration of this species in urban forests.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61021092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The urban landscape is a complex mosaic of costs and benefits for urban wildlife. Although many species may adapt and thrive in the urban mosaic, the complexity of this landscape can be stressful and have health implications for urban wildlife, raising concerns for zoonosis and biodiversity. In this study, we assessed how human–primate interactions influenced parasite risk and anxiety-related behaviour of urban vervet monkeys in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Over 1 year, we collected and analysed faecal samples, assessing eggs per gram, species richness, and Shannon’s diversity index. In addition, using behavioural sampling, we recorded self-directed scratching behaviour, as an indicator of anxiety, and human–primate interactions, both positive (human-food consumption) and negative (human–monkey aggression). To assess parasite risk in the urban mosaic, we ran three models with our parasite measures as dependent variables. Results showed that negative human interactions significantly increased with eggs per gram, species richness, and Shannon’s diversity index and positive human interactions increased with both eggs per gram and species richness. Furthermore, eggs per gram significantly increased with higher scratching rate. We also tested the relationship between scratching and human interactions, finding that scratching significantly increased under higher rates of negative human incidents. Overall, results suggest that there are costs to urban living that increase anxiety-related behaviour and parasite risk despite increased food availability. Our findings are important for developing effective management strategies that focus on cohabitation rather than conflict, for the benefit of human and wildlife health.
{"title":"The costs of urban living: human–wildlife interactions increase parasite risk and self-directed behaviour in urban vervet monkeys","authors":"H. Thatcher, C. Downs, N. Koyama","doi":"10.1093/jue/juab031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juab031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The urban landscape is a complex mosaic of costs and benefits for urban wildlife. Although many species may adapt and thrive in the urban mosaic, the complexity of this landscape can be stressful and have health implications for urban wildlife, raising concerns for zoonosis and biodiversity. In this study, we assessed how human–primate interactions influenced parasite risk and anxiety-related behaviour of urban vervet monkeys in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Over 1 year, we collected and analysed faecal samples, assessing eggs per gram, species richness, and Shannon’s diversity index. In addition, using behavioural sampling, we recorded self-directed scratching behaviour, as an indicator of anxiety, and human–primate interactions, both positive (human-food consumption) and negative (human–monkey aggression). To assess parasite risk in the urban mosaic, we ran three models with our parasite measures as dependent variables. Results showed that negative human interactions significantly increased with eggs per gram, species richness, and Shannon’s diversity index and positive human interactions increased with both eggs per gram and species richness. Furthermore, eggs per gram significantly increased with higher scratching rate. We also tested the relationship between scratching and human interactions, finding that scratching significantly increased under higher rates of negative human incidents. Overall, results suggest that there are costs to urban living that increase anxiety-related behaviour and parasite risk despite increased food availability. Our findings are important for developing effective management strategies that focus on cohabitation rather than conflict, for the benefit of human and wildlife health.","PeriodicalId":37022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47049307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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