This paper addresses the issue of current Internet of Things (IoT) development---the decentralized IoT model---in a manner of a peer-to-peer network and interoperable IoT devices. This paper proposes a new IoT software architecture, the Devify software framework, to address the peer-to-peer IoT network and the interoperable IoT device development. Besides, the work also shows through experiments that an IoT application server can simply use the flow-based programming (FBP) paradigm to define the application as a data exchange network. Therefore, the software architecture also provides such FBP runtime environment for writing IoT application servers.
{"title":"Devify","authors":"Jollen Chen","doi":"10.1145/3231535.3231539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3231535.3231539","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the issue of current Internet of Things (IoT) development---the decentralized IoT model---in a manner of a peer-to-peer network and interoperable IoT devices. This paper proposes a new IoT software architecture, the Devify software framework, to address the peer-to-peer IoT network and the interoperable IoT device development. Besides, the work also shows through experiments that an IoT application server can simply use the flow-based programming (FBP) paradigm to define the application as a data exchange network. Therefore, the software architecture also provides such FBP runtime environment for writing IoT application servers.","PeriodicalId":37024,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGBED Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72697231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Adyanthaya, Hadi Alizadeh Ara, J. Bastos, A. Behrouzian, Róbinson Medina Sánchez, Joost van Pinxten, Bram van der Sanden, U. Waqas, T. Basten, H. Corporaal, Raymond Frijns, M. Geilen, Dip Goswami, S. Stuijk, M. Reniers, J. Voeten
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) play an important role in the modern high-tech industry. Designing such systems is an especially challenging task due to the multi-disciplinary nature of these systems, and the range of abstraction levels involved. To facilitate hands-on experience with such systems, we develop a cyber-physical platform that aids in both research and education on CPS. This paper describes this platform, which contains all typical CPS components. The platform is used in various research and education projects for bachelor, master, and PhD students. We discuss the platform and illustrate its use with a number of projects and the educational opportunities they provide.
{"title":"xCPS: a tool to explore cyber physical systems","authors":"S. Adyanthaya, Hadi Alizadeh Ara, J. Bastos, A. Behrouzian, Róbinson Medina Sánchez, Joost van Pinxten, Bram van der Sanden, U. Waqas, T. Basten, H. Corporaal, Raymond Frijns, M. Geilen, Dip Goswami, S. Stuijk, M. Reniers, J. Voeten","doi":"10.1145/3036686.3036696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3036686.3036696","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) play an important role in the modern high-tech industry. Designing such systems is an especially challenging task due to the multi-disciplinary nature of these systems, and the range of abstraction levels involved. To facilitate hands-on experience with such systems, we develop a cyber-physical platform that aids in both research and education on CPS. This paper describes this platform, which contains all typical CPS components. The platform is used in various research and education projects for bachelor, master, and PhD students. We discuss the platform and illustrate its use with a number of projects and the educational opportunities they provide.","PeriodicalId":37024,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGBED Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"3:1-3:8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82766172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Embedded software is concurrent, real-time dependent, typically networked, must meet strict resource and high quality requirements, and often runs on cheap hardware. Altogether, this makes the education of embedded software designers a difficult challenge. In this paper, we present an embedded software design project, where students have to develop a multi-robot search using Lego mindstorms. The main idea is to confront the students with all the spites that are typically present in embedded systems, while at the same time giving them an algorithmically non-trivial problem to solve. To this end, we let the students use a bio-inspired search algorithm (particle-swarm optimization) to detect survivors (led by cries for help) in an unknown disaster zone using a number of Lego Mindstorm robots. We have executed this project simultaneously at the University of Potsdam and TU Berlin and discuss results and evaluations. We think that this project is very well suited for the education of embedded software engineers.
{"title":"A multi-robot search using LEGO mindstorms: an embedded software design project","authors":"Paula Herber, V. Klös","doi":"10.1145/3036686.3036694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3036686.3036694","url":null,"abstract":"Embedded software is concurrent, real-time dependent, typically networked, must meet strict resource and high quality requirements, and often runs on cheap hardware. Altogether, this makes the education of embedded software designers a difficult challenge. In this paper, we present an embedded software design project, where students have to develop a multi-robot search using Lego mindstorms. The main idea is to confront the students with all the spites that are typically present in embedded systems, while at the same time giving them an algorithmically non-trivial problem to solve. To this end, we let the students use a bio-inspired search algorithm (particle-swarm optimization) to detect survivors (led by cries for help) in an unknown disaster zone using a number of Lego Mindstorm robots. We have executed this project simultaneously at the University of Potsdam and TU Berlin and discuss results and evaluations. We think that this project is very well suited for the education of embedded software engineers.","PeriodicalId":37024,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGBED Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"2:1-2:8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74767077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Zug, André Dietrich, Christoph Steup, J. Kaiser
The concept of an adaptive acquisition of environment data in distributed scenarios promises a number of benefits. If an application aggregates and uses all available sensing information in an intelligent environment it may provide a higher precision and an increased fault-tolerance. Unfortunately, the application developer has to cope with a number of additional challenges compared to static sensor evaluation. It is not possible to generate an optimized sensor application schedule for a dynamic system at design-time. Due to the adaptive selection process, this has to be executed at runtime. In this paper we propose a general approach for this problem based on a two-level analysis. The first level compares sensor parameter sets (periods, offsets, delays) and application requirements (number of measurements, quality) based on a worst/best case analysis. If a more precise evaluation is necessary, the second level needs to be started. This one considers additional, situation-specific properties like phase shift of sensor periods, communication delays and jitter. At the end, it provides an online optimization of common goals e.g., minimization of the age of data and a constant number of input counts.
{"title":"Adaptive environment perception in cyber-physical systems","authors":"S. Zug, André Dietrich, Christoph Steup, J. Kaiser","doi":"10.1145/2815482.2815484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2815482.2815484","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of an adaptive acquisition of environment data in distributed scenarios promises a number of benefits. If an application aggregates and uses all available sensing information in an intelligent environment it may provide a higher precision and an increased fault-tolerance. Unfortunately, the application developer has to cope with a number of additional challenges compared to static sensor evaluation. It is not possible to generate an optimized sensor application schedule for a dynamic system at design-time. Due to the adaptive selection process, this has to be executed at runtime. In this paper we propose a general approach for this problem based on a two-level analysis. The first level compares sensor parameter sets (periods, offsets, delays) and application requirements (number of measurements, quality) based on a worst/best case analysis. If a more precise evaluation is necessary, the second level needs to be started. This one considers additional, situation-specific properties like phase shift of sensor periods, communication delays and jitter. At the end, it provides an online optimization of common goals e.g., minimization of the age of data and a constant number of input counts.","PeriodicalId":37024,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGBED Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"14 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/2815482.2815484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63941118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a reconfiguration methodology to digitally assist a reconfigurable analog front-end (AFE), with the objective of reducing the power consumption of an ECG-based cardiac activity monitoring system, while maintaining an acceptable performance for the desired signal processing. In this study, we focus on the performance of ECG-based heart rate estimation as an example to demonstrate our proposed strategy. Utilizing the consistency and quasi-periodicity of the ECG waveform, two regions are pre-defined based on the prediction of the R peak by a normalized least mean square (NLMS) adaptive filter. The power consumption and performance of the AFE is dynamically reconfigured accordingly. Experimental evaluations show the system can measure heart rate variability (HRV) with an error of 0.5-4 beats/min with the sampling rate reduced from 488 sps to 100 sps and 40 sps for the two regions respectively, bit resolution reduced from 10-bit to 6-bit and noise tolerance substantially relaxed, offering an estimated 62% total power saving.
{"title":"Digitally assisted analog front-end power management strategy via dynamic reconfigurability for robust heart rate monitoring","authors":"Chengzhi Zong, Somok Mondal, D. Hall, R. Jafari","doi":"10.1145/2815482.2815489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2815482.2815489","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a reconfiguration methodology to digitally assist a reconfigurable analog front-end (AFE), with the objective of reducing the power consumption of an ECG-based cardiac activity monitoring system, while maintaining an acceptable performance for the desired signal processing. In this study, we focus on the performance of ECG-based heart rate estimation as an example to demonstrate our proposed strategy. Utilizing the consistency and quasi-periodicity of the ECG waveform, two regions are pre-defined based on the prediction of the R peak by a normalized least mean square (NLMS) adaptive filter. The power consumption and performance of the AFE is dynamically reconfigured accordingly. Experimental evaluations show the system can measure heart rate variability (HRV) with an error of 0.5-4 beats/min with the sampling rate reduced from 488 sps to 100 sps and 40 sps for the two regions respectively, bit resolution reduced from 10-bit to 6-bit and noise tolerance substantially relaxed, offering an estimated 62% total power saving.","PeriodicalId":37024,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGBED Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"36 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/2815482.2815489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63941081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The importance of the traffic modeling in the field of communication became crucial for the optimization of the network resources used in the communication as the quality of service became the bottleneck in the early design of an architecture. In this paper we analyze different parameters for the quality of service by the multicore architecture using the synthetic generated traces for the multimedia applications. The parameters calculated for the multicore architectures with the help of the synthetic self-similar traces helps the designer to choose the optimal resources in the early design process due to the flexibility nature of the traces which is not possible with the real-time applications. The packet loss probability is calculated for different traffic patterns for different architecture against buffer sizes for different traffic patterns.
{"title":"Optimal buffer-size by synthetic self-similar traces for different traffics for NoC","authors":"Amit Chaurasia, V. Sehgal","doi":"10.1145/2815482.2815483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2815482.2815483","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of the traffic modeling in the field of communication became crucial for the optimization of the network resources used in the communication as the quality of service became the bottleneck in the early design of an architecture. In this paper we analyze different parameters for the quality of service by the multicore architecture using the synthetic generated traces for the multimedia applications. The parameters calculated for the multicore architectures with the help of the synthetic self-similar traces helps the designer to choose the optimal resources in the early design process due to the flexibility nature of the traces which is not possible with the real-time applications. The packet loss probability is calculated for different traffic patterns for different architecture against buffer sizes for different traffic patterns.","PeriodicalId":37024,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGBED Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"6 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/2815482.2815483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63941101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Ferreira, L. M. Pinho, M. Albano, César Teixeira
Infotainment applications in vehicles are currently supported both by the in-vehicle platform, as well as by user's smart devices, such as smartphones and tablets. More and more the user expects that there is a continuous service of applications inside or outside of the vehicle, provided in any of these devices (a simple but common example is hands-free mobile phone calls provided by the vehicle platform). With the increasing complexity of 'apps', it is necessary to support increasing levels of Quality of Service (QoS), with varying resource requirements. Users may want to start listening to music in the smartphone, or video in the tablet, being this application transparently 'moved' into the vehicle when it is started. This paper presents an adaptable offloading mechanism, following a service-oriented architecture pattern, which takes into account the QoS requirements of the applications being executed when making decisions.
{"title":"Adaptive offloading for infotainment systems","authors":"L. Ferreira, L. M. Pinho, M. Albano, César Teixeira","doi":"10.1145/2815482.2815485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2815482.2815485","url":null,"abstract":"Infotainment applications in vehicles are currently supported both by the in-vehicle platform, as well as by user's smart devices, such as smartphones and tablets. More and more the user expects that there is a continuous service of applications inside or outside of the vehicle, provided in any of these devices (a simple but common example is hands-free mobile phone calls provided by the vehicle platform). With the increasing complexity of 'apps', it is necessary to support increasing levels of Quality of Service (QoS), with varying resource requirements. Users may want to start listening to music in the smartphone, or video in the tablet, being this application transparently 'moved' into the vehicle when it is started. This paper presents an adaptable offloading mechanism, following a service-oriented architecture pattern, which takes into account the QoS requirements of the applications being executed when making decisions.","PeriodicalId":37024,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGBED Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"19 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/2815482.2815485","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63940709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Faneca, José M. N. Vieira, A. Zúquete, Julio Cano, André Moreira, Luís Almeida
There are many situations, such as in training and education, in which there is a frequent need to distribute large files to many clients, e.g., operating system boot images or raw data files. To carry out such distribution efficiently, we use wireless broadcast and a hybrid coding technique that combines forward coding using weak LT Codes with a feedback phase at the end, which allows concluding the process faster with lower computing cost than traditional LT codes. However, for the sake of scalability, in the feedback phase a scheduler bounds the maximum number of clients that can communicate feedback in each given cycle and schedules them. Moreover, using a shorter or longer feedback phase also impacts on the number of simultaneous clients in feedback mode, resulting in more or less impact of the scheduler and more or less effectiveness of the feedback itself. In this short paper we briefly describe a recently developed prototype and we summarize some preliminary results confirming the advantage of using scheduled feedback. Moreover, we discuss the interplay between duration of the feedback phase and clients scheduling as a line for future research in scheduling-coding co-design.
{"title":"Towards dynamic adaptation in broadcasting with hybrid rateless codes","authors":"C. Faneca, José M. N. Vieira, A. Zúquete, Julio Cano, André Moreira, Luís Almeida","doi":"10.1145/2815482.2815491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2815482.2815491","url":null,"abstract":"There are many situations, such as in training and education, in which there is a frequent need to distribute large files to many clients, e.g., operating system boot images or raw data files. To carry out such distribution efficiently, we use wireless broadcast and a hybrid coding technique that combines forward coding using weak LT Codes with a feedback phase at the end, which allows concluding the process faster with lower computing cost than traditional LT codes. However, for the sake of scalability, in the feedback phase a scheduler bounds the maximum number of clients that can communicate feedback in each given cycle and schedules them. Moreover, using a shorter or longer feedback phase also impacts on the number of simultaneous clients in feedback mode, resulting in more or less impact of the scheduler and more or less effectiveness of the feedback itself. In this short paper we briefly describe a recently developed prototype and we summarize some preliminary results confirming the advantage of using scheduled feedback. Moreover, we discuss the interplay between duration of the feedback phase and clients scheduling as a line for future research in scheduling-coding co-design.","PeriodicalId":37024,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGBED Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"45 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/2815482.2815491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63940814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giving tasks more urgent deadlines leads to shorter response times in EDF-based scheduling. This paper describes a technique that gives earlier deadlines by virtually advancing release times in the Total Bandwidth Server (TBS) context. This technique improves aperiodic tasks' responsiveness while it guarantees the schedulability of the system. Simulations show the technique outperforms TBS and its enhanced one.
{"title":"Virtual release advancing for earlier deadlines","authors":"Kiyofumi Tanaka","doi":"10.1145/2815482.2815487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2815482.2815487","url":null,"abstract":"Giving tasks more urgent deadlines leads to shorter response times in EDF-based scheduling. This paper describes a technique that gives earlier deadlines by virtually advancing release times in the Total Bandwidth Server (TBS) context. This technique improves aperiodic tasks' responsiveness while it guarantees the schedulability of the system. Simulations show the technique outperforms TBS and its enhanced one.","PeriodicalId":37024,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGBED Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"28 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/2815482.2815487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63940847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy optimization is an important problem in modern wireless embedded systems. In recent years, several techniques have been proposed to optimize power consumption at the computing and communication layers of these systems. Network coding is one of the promising techniques at the communication layer in which multiple messages are opportunistically encoded into a single message to reduce the number of transmissions. While network coding is a theoretically promising technique, its benefit in energy efficiency depends on the practical overheads associated with various computations such as encoding, decoding, and the coding opportunity algorithm itself. Analytical and simulation-based studies are often inadequate to sufficiently evaluate the effectiveness of network coding. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a wireless testbed for the purpose of energy-aware resource management in networked embedded systems. We also evaluate the energy performance of network coding technique under a wide range of channel and traffic conditions. Our results show that the network coding is indeed beneficial under poor channel and heavy network traffic conditions even when all the encoding and decoding overheads are accounted.
{"title":"Design and experiment of testbed using network coding for power management","authors":"Ki-sung Koo, G. Manimaran","doi":"10.1145/2815482.2815490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2815482.2815490","url":null,"abstract":"Energy optimization is an important problem in modern wireless embedded systems. In recent years, several techniques have been proposed to optimize power consumption at the computing and communication layers of these systems. Network coding is one of the promising techniques at the communication layer in which multiple messages are opportunistically encoded into a single message to reduce the number of transmissions. While network coding is a theoretically promising technique, its benefit in energy efficiency depends on the practical overheads associated with various computations such as encoding, decoding, and the coding opportunity algorithm itself. Analytical and simulation-based studies are often inadequate to sufficiently evaluate the effectiveness of network coding. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a wireless testbed for the purpose of energy-aware resource management in networked embedded systems. We also evaluate the energy performance of network coding technique under a wide range of channel and traffic conditions. Our results show that the network coding is indeed beneficial under poor channel and heavy network traffic conditions even when all the encoding and decoding overheads are accounted.","PeriodicalId":37024,"journal":{"name":"ACM SIGBED Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"40 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/2815482.2815490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63941129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：