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Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry最新文献

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Potential therapeutic effects of Celastrol on dry eye disease 雷公藤红素对干眼病的潜在治疗作用
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.51329/mehdioptometry148
Siu Kan Law
Letter to the Editor
给编辑的信
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引用次数: 0
A review of oculoplastic surgery and ocular surface disorders 眼部整形手术与眼表疾病的综述
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.51329/mehdioptometry144
M. Çiftçi, O. B. Selver
Background: Ocular surface health is closely related to the condition of the ocular adnexa, particularly the eyelids. Both ocular adnexal disorders and oculoplastic procedures performed to treat them can cause ocular surface disorders (OSD). In this review, we aimed to summarize the relationship between oculoplastic procedures and OSD. Methods: In this narrative review, an electronic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted using various combinations of keywords including “oculoplastic surgery,” “ocular surface disorders,” “dry eye,” and “management,” without time or language limitations, to include studies concerning oculoplastic surgery and OSD. Results: We included articles involving oculoplastic procedures and OSD with discussions of preventive approaches and management strategies in this context. For a systematic approach, the preoperative assessments and postoperative treatment of patients were retrieved and summarized. Preoperative preventive measures included evaluation of tear film break-up time, tear osmolarity, tear meniscus area and height measurement by anterior segment optic coherence tomography, lipid layer thickness by interferometer, corneal staining and Oxford Scheme, Schirmer test, blink rate and completeness, ocular surface disease index scoring, eyelid closure, and Bell’s phenomenon. Postoperative assessments included the presence and severity of dry eye and early management of dry eye with artificial tears, topical anti-inflammatory medications, and night taping; evaluation of the presence of chemosis, and, if present, management with pharmacologic, mechanical, or surgical therapies when needed; and prompt detection and treatment of lagophthalmos and consequent exposure keratopathy. Conclusions: Careful preoperative examination of the ocular surface is mandatory to reduce or eliminate complications after oculoplastic surgery. Ocular surface-related complications that surgeons encounter after oculoplastic surgery should be promptly diagnosed and treated.
背景:眼表健康与眼附件,特别是眼睑的状况密切相关。眼附件疾病和眼部整形手术均可引起眼表疾病(OSD)。在这篇综述中,我们旨在总结眼部整形手术与OSD之间的关系。方法:在这篇叙述性综述中,我们在PubMed/MEDLINE数据库中进行电子检索,使用各种关键词组合,包括“眼部整形手术”、“眼表疾病”、“干眼症”和“管理”,没有时间和语言限制,包括有关眼部整形手术和OSD的研究。结果:我们纳入了有关眼部整形手术和OSD的文章,并讨论了这方面的预防方法和管理策略。为了一个系统的方法,检索和总结患者的术前评估和术后治疗。术前预防措施包括评估泪膜破裂时间、泪液渗透压、泪液半月板面积和高度、干涉仪测量脂质层厚度、角膜染色和牛津方案、Schirmer试验、眨眼率和完全性、眼表疾病指数评分、眼睑闭合、贝尔现象。术后评估包括干眼的存在和严重程度,以及使用人工泪液、局部抗炎药物和夜间贴敷对干眼的早期处理;评估是否存在化脓,如果存在,在需要时采用药物、机械或手术治疗;及时发现和治疗眼lageyes和随之而来的暴露性角膜病变。结论:术前仔细的眼表检查是减少或消除眼部整形术后并发症的必要条件。外科医生在眼部整形手术后遇到的眼表相关并发症应及时诊断和治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Google Lens: A potential cost-effective screening tool for diabetic retinopathy 谷歌眼镜:一种潜在的具有成本效益的糖尿病视网膜病变筛查工具
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.51329/mehdioptometry147
P. Venkatesh
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major, sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Blindness from DR can be prevented by successful and proactive screening. However, DR is screened in less than half of the patients because of barriers in availability, affordability, accessibility, and awareness. Although artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms are being evaluated for DR screening, they have limitations of infrastructure, accessibility, training, and manpower cost. Therefore, simpler and more practical DR screening tools should be explored. Hypothesis: Google Lens, an easily available, vision- and AI-based application in most smartphones, is a potential tool for cost-effective DR screening. It recognises images through a visual analysis based on neural networking. Thus, it can recognize retinal disorders, such as DR, in images. The development and adoption of Google Lens-based DR screening would have several advantages over the conventional hospital/specialist/healthcare facility-based approach, including widespread accessibility, acceptable accuracy, reduction in the direct cost of healthcare for patients with diabetes mellitus, and active patient participation in self-care. Conclusions: DR screening, detection, and grading using Google Lens is a feasible and effective option. Despite current limitations, it could transform DR screening from a costly, hospital- and expert-based method to a cost-effective, self-applicable, and home-based one. However, diagnostic accuracy studies comparing the index test with Google Lens-based screening are required to determine the usability and validity of this proposed screening tool for DR.
背景:糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病的一种主要的、威胁视力的并发症。DR引起的失明可以通过成功和积极的筛查来预防。然而,由于可获得性、可负担性、可及性和意识方面的障碍,只有不到一半的患者接受了耐药筛查。虽然正在评估基于人工智能(AI)的算法用于DR筛查,但它们在基础设施、可及性、培训和人力成本方面存在局限性。因此,应探索更简单、更实用的DR筛查工具。假设:谷歌Lens是大多数智能手机中易于获得的基于视觉和人工智能的应用程序,是一种具有成本效益的DR筛查潜在工具。它通过基于神经网络的视觉分析来识别图像。因此,它可以识别图像中的视网膜疾病,如DR。与传统的医院/专科医生/医疗机构的方法相比,开发和采用基于谷歌lens的DR筛查有几个优势,包括广泛的可及性、可接受的准确性、降低糖尿病患者的直接医疗成本以及患者积极参与自我保健。结论:谷歌Lens对DR的筛查、检测和分级是一种可行、有效的选择。尽管目前存在局限性,但它可以将DR筛查从一种昂贵的、基于医院和专家的方法转变为一种具有成本效益的、自我适用的、基于家庭的方法。然而,诊断准确性的研究比较指数测试与谷歌透镜为基础的筛选需要确定的可用性和有效性的建议筛选工具的DR。
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引用次数: 2
A review of artificial intelligence applications in anterior segment ocular diseases 人工智能在眼前段疾病中的应用综述
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.51329/mehdioptometry146
Zahra Heidari, Mehdi Baharinia, Kiana Ebrahimi-Besheli, Hanieh Ahmadi
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential for interpreting and analyzing images and processing large amounts of data. There is a growing interest in investigating the applications of AI in anterior segment ocular diseases. This narrative review aims to assess the use of different AI-based algorithms for diagnosing and managing anterior segment entities. Methods: We reviewed the applications of different AI-based algorithms in the diagnosis and management of anterior segment entities, including keratoconus, corneal dystrophy, corneal grafts, corneal transplantation, refractive surgery, pterygium, infectious keratitis, cataracts, and disorders of the corneal nerves, conjunctiva, tear film, anterior chamber angle, and iris. The English-language databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using the following keywords: artificial intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, neural network, anterior eye segment diseases, corneal disease, keratoconus, dry eye, refractive surgery, pterygium, infectious keratitis, anterior chamber, and cataract. Relevant articles were compared based on the use of AI models in the diagnosis and treatment of anterior segment diseases. Furthermore, we prepared a summary of the diagnostic performance of the AI-based methods for anterior segment ocular entities. Results: Various AI methods based on deep and machine learning can analyze data obtained from corneal imaging modalities with acceptable diagnostic performance. Currently, complicated and time-consuming manual methods are available for diagnosing and treating eye diseases. However, AI methods could save time and prevent vision impairment in eyes with anterior segment diseases. Because many anterior segment diseases can cause irreversible complications and even vision loss, sufficient confidence in the results obtained from the designed model is crucial for decision-making by experts. Conclusions: AI-based models could be used as surrogates for analyzing manual data with improveddiagnostic performance. These methods could be reliable tools for diagnosing and managing anterior segmentocular diseases in the near future in remote areas. It is expected that future studies can design algorithms thatuse less data in a multitasking manner for the detection and management of anterior segment diseases.
背景:人工智能(AI)在解释和分析图像以及处理大量数据方面具有巨大的潜力。人工智能在眼部前段疾病中的应用越来越受到人们的关注。这篇叙述性综述旨在评估不同的人工智能算法在诊断和管理前节实体方面的应用。方法:回顾不同的人工智能算法在角膜圆锥、角膜营养不良、角膜移植、角膜移植、屈光手术、翼状胬肉、感染性角膜炎、白内障以及角膜神经、结膜、泪膜、前房角和虹膜病变等前节实体的诊断和治疗中的应用。使用以下关键词检索英语数据库PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus和Google Scholar:人工智能、深度学习、机器学习、神经网络、前眼段疾病、角膜疾病、圆锥角膜、干眼症、屈光手术、翼状胬肉、感染性角膜炎、前房和白内障。比较人工智能模型在前段疾病诊治中的应用。此外,我们还总结了基于人工智能的方法对前节眼实体的诊断性能。结果:基于深度学习和机器学习的各种人工智能方法可以分析从角膜成像模式获得的数据,并具有可接受的诊断性能。目前,眼病的诊断和治疗主要采用复杂、耗时的手工方法。然而,人工智能方法可以节省时间,防止眼睛前段疾病的视力损害。由于许多前节疾病可导致不可逆的并发症,甚至视力丧失,因此对所设计模型的结果有足够的信心对专家的决策至关重要。结论:基于人工智能的模型可以作为人工数据分析的替代品,具有更高的诊断性能。这些方法在不久的将来可能成为诊断和治疗偏远地区前节段疾病的可靠工具。期望未来的研究可以设计出在多任务方式下使用更少数据的算法来检测和管理前节段疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Current and future perspectives on smart glasses 智能眼镜的现状和未来展望
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.51329/mehdioptometry143
Kanupriya
Editorial
编辑
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引用次数: 0
Multi-color imaging in a unilateral central retinal artery occlusion following dengue fever: A case report and literature review 登革热后单侧视网膜中央动脉闭塞的彩色显像:1例报告及文献复习
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.51329/mehdioptometry145
S. Sanjay, A. Kawali, Nikhil Gopalakrishnan, R. Shetty, P. Mahendradas
Background: Dengue fever is associated with various sight-threatening ocular manifestations, some of which can occur several months after fever. These include subconjunctival hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, cotton wool spots, central and branch retinal artery occlusion, central scotoma, papilledema, optic neuropathy, retinal vasculitis, retinitis, retinal pigment epithelium mottling, foveolitis, choroidal effusion, exudative retinal detachment, anterior uveitis, endogenous endophthalmitis, and panophthalmitis. Herein, we report a patient with unilateral central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and raised dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers who underwent serial multimodal imaging with fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and multi-color imaging (MCI). Furthermore, we reviewed recent publications highlighting different eye diseases and the role of MCI in their diagnosis and serial monitoring. Case presentation: A 53-year-old Asian Indian woman complained of blurring of vision in the right eye (OD) two months after a bout of fever. Her best-corrected distance visual acuity was finger counting close to the face in the OD and 20/40 in the left eye. CRAO of the OD was diagnosed. Systemic investigations were normal except for elevated dengue IgG levels. Optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography confirmed this diagnosis. MCI and SD-OCT using Spectralis™ performed before and after treatment with oral steroids demonstrated improvement. MCI served as a noninvasive ancillary tool for monitoring the CRAO. In addition to the case report, we summarize articles pertaining to MCI published during the years 2018–2022. The list is not exhaustive but highlights salient features of different retinal and choroidal disorders evaluated using MCI. Our summary highlights the role of MCI in the diagnosis and serial monitoring of eye diseases. Conclusions: A diagnosis of post-dengue fever retinal artery occlusion should be made after ruling out other causes of retinal artery vascular occlusion. We demonstrated retinal changes using serial imaging. MCI can be a useful tool, along with SD-OCT, to monitor clinical improvement. Optometrists can follow up patients with retinal vascular occlusions using noninvasive methods.
背景:登革热与各种威胁视力的眼部表现有关,其中一些症状可在发热后数月出现。这些包括结膜下出血、玻璃体出血、视网膜出血、棉絮斑、视网膜中央和分支动脉闭塞、中央暗瘤、乳头水肿、视神经病变、视网膜血管炎、视网膜色素上皮斑疹、视网膜黄斑炎、脉络膜积液、渗出性视网膜脱离、葡萄膜前炎、内源性眼内炎和全眼炎。在此,我们报告了一位单侧视网膜中央动脉闭塞(CRAO)和登革热免疫球蛋白G (IgG)滴度升高的患者,他接受了一系列多模态成像,包括眼底摄影、光谱域光学相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)、光学相干断层扫描血管造影(OCTA)和多色成像(MCI)。此外,我们回顾了最近的出版物,重点介绍了不同的眼病以及MCI在其诊断和系列监测中的作用。病例介绍:一名53岁的亚洲印度妇女主诉右眼视力模糊(OD)在发烧两个月后。她的最佳矫正距离视力为上颌近脸手指数,左眼为20/40。诊断为外伤处CRAO。全身检查除登革热IgG水平升高外均正常。光学相干断层扫描和荧光素血管造影证实了这一诊断。口服类固醇治疗前后使用Spectralis™进行的MCI和SD-OCT均有改善。MCI作为监测CRAO的非侵入性辅助工具。除病例报告外,我们还总结了2018-2022年期间发表的有关MCI的文章。该列表并非详尽无遗,但突出了使用MCI评估的不同视网膜和脉络膜疾病的显著特征。我们的总结强调了MCI在眼病诊断和系列监测中的作用。结论:登革热后视网膜动脉闭塞的诊断应在排除视网膜动脉血管闭塞的其他原因后进行。我们用连续成像证明了视网膜的变化。MCI与SD-OCT一起是监测临床改善的有用工具。验光师可以使用无创方法对视网膜血管闭塞患者进行随访。
{"title":"Multi-color imaging in a unilateral central retinal artery occlusion following dengue fever: A case report and literature review","authors":"S. Sanjay, A. Kawali, Nikhil Gopalakrishnan, R. Shetty, P. Mahendradas","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry145","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue fever is associated with various sight-threatening ocular manifestations, some of which can occur several months after fever. These include subconjunctival hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, cotton wool spots, central and branch retinal artery occlusion, central scotoma, papilledema, optic neuropathy, retinal vasculitis, retinitis, retinal pigment epithelium mottling, foveolitis, choroidal effusion, exudative retinal detachment, anterior uveitis, endogenous endophthalmitis, and panophthalmitis. Herein, we report a patient with unilateral central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and raised dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers who underwent serial multimodal imaging with fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and multi-color imaging (MCI). Furthermore, we reviewed recent publications highlighting different eye diseases and the role of MCI in their diagnosis and serial monitoring. \u0000Case presentation: A 53-year-old Asian Indian woman complained of blurring of vision in the right eye (OD) two months after a bout of fever. Her best-corrected distance visual acuity was finger counting close to the face in the OD and 20/40 in the left eye. CRAO of the OD was diagnosed. Systemic investigations were normal except for elevated dengue IgG levels. Optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography confirmed this diagnosis. MCI and SD-OCT using Spectralis™ performed before and after treatment with oral steroids demonstrated improvement. MCI served as a noninvasive ancillary tool for monitoring the CRAO. In addition to the case report, we summarize articles pertaining to MCI published during the years 2018–2022. The list is not exhaustive but highlights salient features of different retinal and choroidal disorders evaluated using MCI. Our summary highlights the role of MCI in the diagnosis and serial monitoring of eye diseases. \u0000Conclusions: A diagnosis of post-dengue fever retinal artery occlusion should be made after ruling out other causes of retinal artery vascular occlusion. We demonstrated retinal changes using serial imaging. MCI can be a useful tool, along with SD-OCT, to monitor clinical improvement. Optometrists can follow up patients with retinal vascular occlusions using noninvasive methods.","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry","volume":"5003 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115608993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Add-on therapy with different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the management of non-infectious, non-necrotizing episcleritis 附加治疗与不同的非甾体抗炎药在非感染性,非坏死性外膜炎的管理
Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.51329/mehdioptometry137
O. Ozer, M. L. Tuncer
Background: Episcleritis is a common ocular inflammatory disease that can cause red eye. It is usually managed using single or combined topical corticosteroids and topical or oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as directed by clinical response. However, recurrence is possible. This study aimed to compare the effects of add-on therapies using different topical NSAIDs in the management of treatment-naive, non-infectious, non-necrotizing episcleritis. Methods: Seventy-five eyes of 75 patients with non-infectious, non-necrotizing unilateral episcleritis were included in this study. Patients were allocated to one of three groups based on the NSAID used as add-on therapy: topical diclofenac sodium 0.1% (group D), topical nepafenac 0.1% (group N1), and topical nepafenac 0.3% (group N3). The time to symptom disappearance was defined as the recovery time.   Results: There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, initial best-corrected distance visual acuity, and intraocular pressure between groups (all P > 0.05). The mean recovery times of groups D and N1 were comparable (12.86 ± 5.35 days and 11.45 ± 5.42 days, respectively) (P > 0.05). However, the mean recovery time of group N3 was significantly shorter (9.70 ± 3.80 days, P < 0.05). Recurrence was observed in only one patient in group N1 at 3 months, and symptoms resolved when the same medication was reinstituted. Furthermore, we noted no side effects during the follow-up period for any of the treatment modalities.  Conclusions: All three topical NSAIDs were effective add-on therapies in the management of non-infectious, non-necrotizing unilateral episcleritis. However, once-daily administration of topical nepafenac 0.3% had a shorter recovery time than topical diclofenac 0.1% and topical nepafenac 0.1%.
背景:眼膜炎是一种常见的眼部炎症性疾病,可引起红眼。通常根据临床反应使用单一或联合外用皮质类固醇和外用或口服非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)。然而,复发是可能的。本研究旨在比较使用不同外用非甾体抗炎药的附加疗法在治疗初治、非感染性、非坏死性外膜炎中的效果。方法:对75例非感染性、非坏死性单侧巩膜炎患者75只眼进行研究。根据非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)作为辅助治疗,将患者分为三组:外用0.1%双氯芬酸钠(D组)、外用0.1%尼泊芬酸(N1组)和外用0.3%尼泊芬酸(N3组)。将症状消失时间定义为恢复时间。结果:两组患者年龄、性别、初始最佳矫正距离视力、眼压差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。D组和N1组的平均恢复时间比较,分别为12.86±5.35 D和11.45±5.42 D (P > 0.05)。N3组平均恢复时间(9.70±3.80 d)显著短于对照组(P < 0.05)。N1组只有1例患者在3个月时出现复发,当重新使用相同的药物时症状消失。此外,我们注意到在任何治疗方式的随访期间没有副作用。结论:所有三种外用非甾体抗炎药都是治疗非感染性、非坏死性单侧锁骨炎的有效补充疗法。然而,每日一次外用0.3%尼帕芬酸比0.1%双氯芬酸和0.1%尼帕芬酸恢复时间短。
{"title":"Add-on therapy with different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the management of non-infectious, non-necrotizing episcleritis","authors":"O. Ozer, M. L. Tuncer","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry137","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Episcleritis is a common ocular inflammatory disease that can cause red eye. It is usually managed using single or combined topical corticosteroids and topical or oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as directed by clinical response. However, recurrence is possible. This study aimed to compare the effects of add-on therapies using different topical NSAIDs in the management of treatment-naive, non-infectious, non-necrotizing episcleritis. \u0000Methods: Seventy-five eyes of 75 patients with non-infectious, non-necrotizing unilateral episcleritis were included in this study. Patients were allocated to one of three groups based on the NSAID used as add-on therapy: topical diclofenac sodium 0.1% (group D), topical nepafenac 0.1% (group N1), and topical nepafenac 0.3% (group N3). The time to symptom disappearance was defined as the recovery time.   \u0000Results: There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, initial best-corrected distance visual acuity, and intraocular pressure between groups (all P > 0.05). The mean recovery times of groups D and N1 were comparable (12.86 ± 5.35 days and 11.45 ± 5.42 days, respectively) (P > 0.05). However, the mean recovery time of group N3 was significantly shorter (9.70 ± 3.80 days, P < 0.05). Recurrence was observed in only one patient in group N1 at 3 months, and symptoms resolved when the same medication was reinstituted. Furthermore, we noted no side effects during the follow-up period for any of the treatment modalities.  \u0000Conclusions: All three topical NSAIDs were effective add-on therapies in the management of non-infectious, non-necrotizing unilateral episcleritis. However, once-daily administration of topical nepafenac 0.3% had a shorter recovery time than topical diclofenac 0.1% and topical nepafenac 0.1%.","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery &amp; innovation in optometry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130977237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Race in the phenotype of the glaucoma; a genotypic or an environmental variance? 青光眼表型的种族差异;基因型差异还是环境差异?
Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.51329/mehdioptometry142
Pegah Rashidian
Letter to the Editor
给编辑的信
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引用次数: 1
Levator palpebrae superioris function and corneal astigmatism in university students with normal eyelid morphology 正常眼睑形态大学生提上睑肌功能与角膜散光的关系
Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.51329/mehdioptometry141
Chin Chun Tat, C. Majumder, Sheiladevi Sukumaran
Background: Eyelids have been shown to influence corneal shape. The effects of eyelid pathologies on corneal astigmatism have been widely investigated. This study aimed to determine the correlation between levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle function and with-the-rule (WTR) corneal astigmatism in university students with normal eyelid morphology.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 58 university students of Chinese origin selected by simple random sampling at the University College Sedaya International (UCSI) University Optometry Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We included participants aged 18 to 30 years, regardless of sex, with normal eyelid morphology, normal LPS function, and WTR corneal astigmatism. For LPS muscle function, the distance of the upper eyelid margin from the maximal downgaze to the upgaze was measured, while the frontalis function was negated by the thumb of the examiner. Corneal astigmatism was measured using a manual Keratometry (Topcon OM-4; Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Results: Of the 58 participants, 23 (39.7%) were men and 35 (60.3%) were women. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 23.22 ± 1.77 years. For all participants, the means ± SDs for LPS muscle function and corneal astigmatism were 14.72 ± 1.74 mm and - 1.16 ± 0.47 D, respectively. Of the 58 participants, 25 and 33 had low and moderate WTR corneal astigmatism, respectively. The mean LPS muscle functions were not significantly different between the low and moderate WTR corneal astigmatism groups (P > 0.05). A positive but statistically insignificant correlation (r = + 0.14; P > 0.05) was found between LPS muscle function and WTR corneal astigmatism. Conclusions: We found no significant difference in the mean LPS muscle function between low and moderate WTR corneal astigmatism groups in young university students of Chinese origin with normal eyelid morphology. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between LPS muscle function and low-to-moderate WTR corneal astigmatism.
背景:眼皮已被证明影响角膜形状。眼睑病变对角膜散光的影响已被广泛研究。本研究旨在探讨正常眼睑形态大学生提上睑肌(LPS)功能与随规角膜散光的关系。方法:这是一项横断面研究,在马来西亚吉隆坡大学学院塞达亚国际大学(UCSI)大学验光诊所通过简单随机抽样选择了58名华裔大学生。我们纳入了年龄在18至30岁之间的参与者,不分性别,眼睑形态正常,LPS功能正常,WTR角膜散光正常。对于LPS肌肉功能,测量上睑缘从最大向下凝视到上凝视的距离,同时用考官的拇指否定额肌功能。角膜散光采用人工角膜测量仪(Topcon OM-4;Topcon Corporation,东京,日本)。结果:58名参与者中,男性23人(39.7%),女性35人(60.3%)。平均±标准差(SD)年龄为23.22±1.77岁。对于所有参与者,LPS肌肉功能和角膜散光的平均值±SDs分别为14.72±1.74 mm和- 1.16±0.47 D。在58名参与者中,25名和33名分别患有轻度和中度WTR角膜散光。低、中度WTR角膜散光组的平均LPS肌肉功能差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。正相关但统计学上不显著(r = + 0.14;LPS肌肉功能与WTR角膜散光之间存在显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结论:我们发现眼睑形态正常的中国青年大学生低、中度WTR角膜散光组的平均LPS肌肉功能无显著差异。此外,LPS肌肉功能与低至中度WTR角膜散光之间无显著相关性。
{"title":"Levator palpebrae superioris function and corneal astigmatism in university students with normal eyelid morphology","authors":"Chin Chun Tat, C. Majumder, Sheiladevi Sukumaran","doi":"10.51329/mehdioptometry141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eyelids have been shown to influence corneal shape. The effects of eyelid pathologies on corneal astigmatism have been widely investigated. This study aimed to determine the correlation between levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle function and with-the-rule (WTR) corneal astigmatism in university students with normal eyelid morphology.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 58 university students of Chinese origin selected by simple random sampling at the University College Sedaya International (UCSI) University Optometry Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We included participants aged 18 to 30 years, regardless of sex, with normal eyelid morphology, normal LPS function, and WTR corneal astigmatism. For LPS muscle function, the distance of the upper eyelid margin from the maximal downgaze to the upgaze was measured, while the frontalis function was negated by the thumb of the examiner. Corneal astigmatism was measured using a manual Keratometry (Topcon OM-4; Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Results: Of the 58 participants, 23 (39.7%) were men and 35 (60.3%) were women. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 23.22 ± 1.77 years. For all participants, the means ± SDs for LPS muscle function and corneal astigmatism were 14.72 ± 1.74 mm and - 1.16 ± 0.47 D, respectively. Of the 58 participants, 25 and 33 had low and moderate WTR corneal astigmatism, respectively. The mean LPS muscle functions were not significantly different between the low and moderate WTR corneal astigmatism groups (P > 0.05). A positive but statistically insignificant correlation (r = + 0.14; P > 0.05) was found between LPS muscle function and WTR corneal astigmatism. Conclusions: We found no significant difference in the mean LPS muscle function between low and moderate WTR corneal astigmatism groups in young university students of Chinese origin with normal eyelid morphology. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between LPS muscle function and low-to-moderate WTR corneal astigmatism.","PeriodicalId":370751,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypothesis, discovery &amp; innovation in optometry","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126902426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validity of external observation examination by teachers during vision screening for preschool children 学龄前儿童视力筛查中教师外部观察检查的有效性
Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.51329/mehdioptometry138
R. Omar, V. F. Knight, Asma Ahida Ahmad Zahidi, N. Saat, T. Li
Background: A vision-screening program is effective in prevention of vision impairment. The validity of vision screening conducted by nurses, medical assistants, and teachers has been previously reported. However, the validity of preschool teachers in conducting external eye observations in preschool children has not been widely investigated. This study aimed to determine validity of preschool teachers in conducting external eye observation tests, including the observation of behavior and external eye health, in preschool children.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, preschool teachers from Kemajuan Masyarakat kindergarten in Klang Valley, Malaysia, were randomly allocated to the study (n = 30) or control (n = 30) groups. The study group underwent theory training with an optometrist and practical sessions with preschool children on vision screening, while the control group received only brief verbal instructions on steps to conduct the screening. After the briefing, teachers from both groups conducted vision screening tests at their kindergartens on preschool children aged 4–6 years. The same vision screening procedure was repeated in the same children by optometrists to verify results of the teachers. Results: A total of 700 preschool children were screened by 60 preschool teachers and optometrists. Teachers from the study and control groups displayed high validity in screening for external ocular health, including sensitivity (66.67% versus 66.67%), specificity (95.21% versus 95.54%), and negative predictive value (99.41% versus 99.69%). The positive predictive value was slightly higher in the study group (19.05%) than in the control group (11.76%). Conclusions: Preschool teachers competently observed external eye health in preschool children. A training module for vision screening is important, and a revision of the current training module is needed. Empowering preschool teachers could help in the early detection and intervention necessary in needy children. This could reduce the nationwide prevalence of visual impairments.
背景:视力筛查是预防视力损害的有效方法。由护士、医疗助理和教师进行的视力筛查的有效性以前有过报道。然而,幼儿教师对学龄前儿童进行外部眼睛观察的有效性尚未得到广泛的调查。本研究旨在确定幼儿教师对学龄前儿童进行包括行为观察和外眼健康观察在内的外眼观察测试的效度。方法:在横断面研究中,来自马来西亚巴生谷Kemajuan Masyarakat幼儿园的幼儿教师被随机分为研究组(n = 30)和对照组(n = 30)。研究小组接受了验光师的理论培训和学龄前儿童视力筛查的实践课程,而对照组只接受了关于进行筛查步骤的简短口头指导。简介结束后,两组老师分别在各自的幼儿园对4-6岁的学龄前儿童进行视力筛查测试。验光师对同样的儿童重复了同样的视力筛查程序,以验证教师的结果。结果:60名幼儿教师和验光师共筛查了700名学龄前儿童。实验组和对照组教师外眼健康筛查的灵敏度(66.67%比66.67%)、特异性(95.21%比95.54%)和阴性预测值(99.41%比99.69%)均具有较高的效度。研究组阳性预测值(19.05%)略高于对照组(11.76%)。结论:幼儿教师能较好地观察幼儿的外眼健康状况。视力筛查的培训模块很重要,需要对现有的培训模块进行修订。赋予学前教师权力有助于对贫困儿童进行必要的早期发现和干预。这可以减少全国范围内视力障碍的患病率。
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Medical hypothesis, discovery &amp; innovation in optometry
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