A hereditary condition known as mucopolysaccharidosis is characterized by a lack of enzymes necessary for the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAG is improperly broken down, resulting in extensive lysosomal buildup throughout the different organs. From minor systemic and ocular involvement to a severe phenotype that can be lethal even in the few months of life, the clinical spectrum varies. Physical and cognitive skills are further hampered by visual impairment brought on by corneal clouding, retinopathy, and optic nerve involvement. Enzyme replacement therapy and bone marrow transplants are two examples of treatment methods that help patients live longer and better lives. The preferred course of treatment for people with visibly significant corneal clouding is keratoplasty. A thorough preoperative evaluation and patient counseling regarding the anticipated visual outcomes as well as postoperative complications such as graft re-opacification, rejection, and glaucoma should be conducted. Future therapies such as substrate reduction therapy and targeted gene therapy may be able to reverse corneal clouding. These therapeutic approaches are still in the testing phase.
{"title":"Ocular perspective of mucopolysaccharidosis","authors":" . Shrinkhal, Ashish Kothari, G. Mamgain","doi":"10.4103/hjo.hjo_7_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hjo.hjo_7_23","url":null,"abstract":"A hereditary condition known as mucopolysaccharidosis is characterized by a lack of enzymes necessary for the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAG is improperly broken down, resulting in extensive lysosomal buildup throughout the different organs. From minor systemic and ocular involvement to a severe phenotype that can be lethal even in the few months of life, the clinical spectrum varies. Physical and cognitive skills are further hampered by visual impairment brought on by corneal clouding, retinopathy, and optic nerve involvement. Enzyme replacement therapy and bone marrow transplants are two examples of treatment methods that help patients live longer and better lives. The preferred course of treatment for people with visibly significant corneal clouding is keratoplasty. A thorough preoperative evaluation and patient counseling regarding the anticipated visual outcomes as well as postoperative complications such as graft re-opacification, rejection, and glaucoma should be conducted. Future therapies such as substrate reduction therapy and targeted gene therapy may be able to reverse corneal clouding. These therapeutic approaches are still in the testing phase.","PeriodicalId":370883,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129083137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shreya V. Mishra, Sushovit Sharma Luitel, Sucharita Das, Anupam Singh
Proptosis is a vision-threatening condition, where abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs develop outwards from the orbit. Clinically, it is defined as a protrusion of the eyeball beyond 21 mm from the orbital rim or an asymmetry of more than 2 mm between both eyes. It can be classified based on onset as acute, sub-acute and chronic proptosis. The causes of proptosis can be broadly classified into infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, endocrine, vascular, traumatic, and neoplastic entities. Quantitative measurement of proptosis is done by exophthalmometers such as Hertel’s, Luedde’s, Naugle and Gormaz exophthalmometers. Proptosis is evaluated using multiple investigations involving laboratory, ocular, radiological and histopathological studies. This article provides insight into various types, etiologies, and approaches toward the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of proptosis.
{"title":"An approach to proptosis: A review","authors":"Shreya V. Mishra, Sushovit Sharma Luitel, Sucharita Das, Anupam Singh","doi":"10.4103/hjo.hjo_13_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hjo.hjo_13_23","url":null,"abstract":"Proptosis is a vision-threatening condition, where abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs develop outwards from the orbit. Clinically, it is defined as a protrusion of the eyeball beyond 21 mm from the orbital rim or an asymmetry of more than 2 mm between both eyes. It can be classified based on onset as acute, sub-acute and chronic proptosis. The causes of proptosis can be broadly classified into infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, endocrine, vascular, traumatic, and neoplastic entities. Quantitative measurement of proptosis is done by exophthalmometers such as Hertel’s, Luedde’s, Naugle and Gormaz exophthalmometers. Proptosis is evaluated using multiple investigations involving laboratory, ocular, radiological and histopathological studies. This article provides insight into various types, etiologies, and approaches toward the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of proptosis.","PeriodicalId":370883,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128376536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vestibular schwannoma is a benign, slow-growing tumor of the vestibular nerve, located at cerebellopontine angle. It is derived from the Schwann cells of the myelin sheath of cranial nerve eight. We present here a unique case of vestibular schwannoma, who visited us with a primary complaint of bilateral decreased vision. Detailed examination revealed bilateral papilloedema associated with right-sided cranial nerve five and eight involvements. Patient was operated for the right-sided cerebellopontine angle tumor under intraoperative neuromonitoring. Postoperatively, patient showed significant improvement, both symptomatically and clinically.
{"title":"Bilateral vision loss as first presentation of vestibular schwannoma","authors":" . Shrinkhal, Arviand Kumar, Annanya Soni, Suyash Singh, Arvind Kanchan, Shailja Maurya, Shruti Gupta","doi":"10.4103/hjo.hjo_6_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hjo.hjo_6_23","url":null,"abstract":"Vestibular schwannoma is a benign, slow-growing tumor of the vestibular nerve, located at cerebellopontine angle. It is derived from the Schwann cells of the myelin sheath of cranial nerve eight. We present here a unique case of vestibular schwannoma, who visited us with a primary complaint of bilateral decreased vision. Detailed examination revealed bilateral papilloedema associated with right-sided cranial nerve five and eight involvements. Patient was operated for the right-sided cerebellopontine angle tumor under intraoperative neuromonitoring. Postoperatively, patient showed significant improvement, both symptomatically and clinically.","PeriodicalId":370883,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"539 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116201054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pediatric cataract: Current perspectives and management strategies","authors":"S. Khokhar","doi":"10.4103/hjo.hjo_12_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hjo.hjo_12_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370883,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132878525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Agrawal, MohdGhaniul Hasan, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, S. Mittal, Smita Sinha, R. Samanta
Purpose: The aim of this work was to study the effect of uneventful phacoemulsification on central macular thickness (CMT) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients as assessed with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational, comparative, cohort study was carried out at a tertiary care center in North India from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019. A total of 90 diabetic patients and 95 nondiabetic controls undergoing phacoemulsification surgery were evaluated. CMT and visual acuity (VA) were noted preoperatively and postoperatively at the 6th and 12th weeks, respectively. Results: A total of 185 patients, 95 nondiabetic, and 90 diabetic patients were included in the study. The mean age (years) of the study population was 64.56 (10.38). The subclinical increase in macular thickness was maximum at 6 weeks postoperatively (P < 0.001) and was more in diabetic as compared to nondiabetic patients. Final macular thickness at 12 weeks was comparable in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients (P < 0.05). However, the difference in change in macular thickness (preoperative versus postoperative) between the two groups was not clinically significant at 6 weeks (0.67 µm) and 12 weeks (0.08 µm). Conclusion: Uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery with posterior chamber implantation of an intraocular lens is associated with subclinical macular thickening. However, there is no significant increase in macular thickness after phacoemulsification, irrespective of the glycemic status.
{"title":"Comparative study of effect of phacoemulsification on central macular thickness in diabetic and nondiabetic patients assessed with spectral domain optical coherence tomography","authors":"A. Agrawal, MohdGhaniul Hasan, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, S. Mittal, Smita Sinha, R. Samanta","doi":"10.4103/hjo.hjo_4_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hjo.hjo_4_23","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this work was to study the effect of uneventful phacoemulsification on central macular thickness (CMT) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients as assessed with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational, comparative, cohort study was carried out at a tertiary care center in North India from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019. A total of 90 diabetic patients and 95 nondiabetic controls undergoing phacoemulsification surgery were evaluated. CMT and visual acuity (VA) were noted preoperatively and postoperatively at the 6th and 12th weeks, respectively. Results: A total of 185 patients, 95 nondiabetic, and 90 diabetic patients were included in the study. The mean age (years) of the study population was 64.56 (10.38). The subclinical increase in macular thickness was maximum at 6 weeks postoperatively (P < 0.001) and was more in diabetic as compared to nondiabetic patients. Final macular thickness at 12 weeks was comparable in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients (P < 0.05). However, the difference in change in macular thickness (preoperative versus postoperative) between the two groups was not clinically significant at 6 weeks (0.67 µm) and 12 weeks (0.08 µm). Conclusion: Uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery with posterior chamber implantation of an intraocular lens is associated with subclinical macular thickening. However, there is no significant increase in macular thickness after phacoemulsification, irrespective of the glycemic status.","PeriodicalId":370883,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132848520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anupam Singh, A. Ramawat, A. Agrawal, Rakesh Panyala, R. Verma, S. Mittal, B. Kumar
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to study the factors affecting postoperative alignment in patients of infantile esotropia with deviation more than or equal to 30 prism diopter (PD) after 12 weeks of follow-up. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 patients with infantile esotropia were included in this study over a period of 18 months. All the patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at day 1, 3rd week, 6th week, and 12th week. The patients underwent horizontal muscle surgery alone or vertical combined with horizontal muscle surgery wherever required. All surgeries were planned and performed according to W.E. Scott table by a limbus-based approach. Results: Mean age of our study population was 13.36 ± 8.0 years (1.5–30 years). Fifteen (65.2%) patients were hypermetropic, 5 (21.7%) patients were emmetropic and 3 (13.1%) were myopic. Among the study participants, amblyopia was present in 13 patients (56.6%). The mean preoperative horizontal deviation was 48.04 PD ± 13.3 PD (range = 30–70 PD). Eleven patients had preoperative esotropia of >50 PD and 12 had <50 PD. The mean postoperative horizontal deviation was 5.1 ± 3.1 PD (range = 2–14 PD). Twenty-one (91.30%) patients had orthophoria, 2 (8.70%) patients had residual esotropia and none had overcorrection. Conclusion: The postoperative alignment was not influenced by age at the time of surgery (P = 0.67) and magnitude of preoperative deviation (P = 0.67) Further, the postoperative outcome was independent of the laterality of surgery (unilateral vs. bilateral, P = 0.6) and extraocular muscles operated (horizontal vs. combined horizontal and vertical, P = 0.537).
{"title":"Determinants of postoperative alignment in patients of infantile esotropia","authors":"Anupam Singh, A. Ramawat, A. Agrawal, Rakesh Panyala, R. Verma, S. Mittal, B. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/hjo.hjo_21_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hjo.hjo_21_22","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this article is to study the factors affecting postoperative alignment in patients of infantile esotropia with deviation more than or equal to 30 prism diopter (PD) after 12 weeks of follow-up. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 patients with infantile esotropia were included in this study over a period of 18 months. All the patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at day 1, 3rd week, 6th week, and 12th week. The patients underwent horizontal muscle surgery alone or vertical combined with horizontal muscle surgery wherever required. All surgeries were planned and performed according to W.E. Scott table by a limbus-based approach. Results: Mean age of our study population was 13.36 ± 8.0 years (1.5–30 years). Fifteen (65.2%) patients were hypermetropic, 5 (21.7%) patients were emmetropic and 3 (13.1%) were myopic. Among the study participants, amblyopia was present in 13 patients (56.6%). The mean preoperative horizontal deviation was 48.04 PD ± 13.3 PD (range = 30–70 PD). Eleven patients had preoperative esotropia of >50 PD and 12 had <50 PD. The mean postoperative horizontal deviation was 5.1 ± 3.1 PD (range = 2–14 PD). Twenty-one (91.30%) patients had orthophoria, 2 (8.70%) patients had residual esotropia and none had overcorrection. Conclusion: The postoperative alignment was not influenced by age at the time of surgery (P = 0.67) and magnitude of preoperative deviation (P = 0.67) Further, the postoperative outcome was independent of the laterality of surgery (unilateral vs. bilateral, P = 0.6) and extraocular muscles operated (horizontal vs. combined horizontal and vertical, P = 0.537).","PeriodicalId":370883,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129367653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Premyopia: An esoteric concept in evolution","authors":"P. Pandey","doi":"10.4103/hjo.hjo_3_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hjo.hjo_3_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370883,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121846552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Nisha Rani, Stuti Chand, S. Verma, Mittali Khurana, S. Mittal
The incidence of consecutive esotropia developing after exotropia surgery has been reported to be 6%–20%. Consecutive esotropia with limited abduction requires reoperation on the muscles that were operated during the first surgery. It is difficult to predict the result of the second surgery because it may convert to exodeviation after the advancement of lateral rectus (LR) muscle, the contracture of the previously recessed muscle, or hypertrophy of resected medial rectus (MR). We present a case of 20-year-old woman with infantile exotropia who underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession and left MR resection in view of a large primary position deviation of 55 prism diopter (PD) at a 6-meter distance. But the patient developed large consecutive esotropia of 50 PD within 3 weeks of surgery with abduction limitation in the left eye, which was highly suspicious of slippage of the left LR. But when the LR was explored, it was found at 16 mm from the limbus without any evidence of slippage. In view of the abnormal response after the first surgery, the LR was advanced by 9 mm, and was inserted at 7 mm from limbus. The patient was orthophoric on the first postoperative day, and the alignment was maintained till 6 months of follow-up. This case is unique in terms of unexpected large consecutive esotropia of 50 PD after uncomplicated routine strabismus surgery, which was corrected by advancement of one LR only. This event could be possibly due to lack of binocularity and fusion in these patients with an associated component of dissociated horizontal deviation. This report emphasizes the possibility of some unusual postoperative outcomes in spite of careful and meticulous preoperative workup, and uneventful squint surgery in patients with infantile deviation.
{"title":"Large consecutive esotropia after uneventful surgical correction of infantile exotropia: A post-operative surprise","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Nisha Rani, Stuti Chand, S. Verma, Mittali Khurana, S. Mittal","doi":"10.4103/hjo.hjo_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hjo.hjo_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of consecutive esotropia developing after exotropia surgery has been reported to be 6%–20%. Consecutive esotropia with limited abduction requires reoperation on the muscles that were operated during the first surgery. It is difficult to predict the result of the second surgery because it may convert to exodeviation after the advancement of lateral rectus (LR) muscle, the contracture of the previously recessed muscle, or hypertrophy of resected medial rectus (MR). We present a case of 20-year-old woman with infantile exotropia who underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession and left MR resection in view of a large primary position deviation of 55 prism diopter (PD) at a 6-meter distance. But the patient developed large consecutive esotropia of 50 PD within 3 weeks of surgery with abduction limitation in the left eye, which was highly suspicious of slippage of the left LR. But when the LR was explored, it was found at 16 mm from the limbus without any evidence of slippage. In view of the abnormal response after the first surgery, the LR was advanced by 9 mm, and was inserted at 7 mm from limbus. The patient was orthophoric on the first postoperative day, and the alignment was maintained till 6 months of follow-up. This case is unique in terms of unexpected large consecutive esotropia of 50 PD after uncomplicated routine strabismus surgery, which was corrected by advancement of one LR only. This event could be possibly due to lack of binocularity and fusion in these patients with an associated component of dissociated horizontal deviation. This report emphasizes the possibility of some unusual postoperative outcomes in spite of careful and meticulous preoperative workup, and uneventful squint surgery in patients with infantile deviation.","PeriodicalId":370883,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124475767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present here a typical case of bilateral aphakia with bilateral retinochoroidal Ida Mann’s type 1 coloboma with posteriorly dislocated lens in the left eye. There was no associated retinal detachment in both the eyes and no vitreous reaction in the left eye. Taking into consideration, the poor visual prognosis and no inflammation in the left eye despite dislocated lens; no active intervention was planned.
我们报告一例典型的双侧无晶状体合并双侧视网膜脉络膜Ida Mann 's 1型结肠并左眼晶状体后部脱位的病例。双眼无视网膜脱离，左眼无玻璃体反应。考虑到左眼晶状体脱位，视力预后差，无炎症;没有计划积极干预。
{"title":"Bilateral retinochoroidal coloboma with left eye posterior dislocated lens","authors":" . Shrinkhal","doi":"10.4103/hjo.hjo_20_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hjo.hjo_20_22","url":null,"abstract":"We present here a typical case of bilateral aphakia with bilateral retinochoroidal Ida Mann’s type 1 coloboma with posteriorly dislocated lens in the left eye. There was no associated retinal detachment in both the eyes and no vitreous reaction in the left eye. Taking into consideration, the poor visual prognosis and no inflammation in the left eye despite dislocated lens; no active intervention was planned.","PeriodicalId":370883,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131108305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crouzon syndrome is characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures (craniosynostosis) which can impair proper brain and craniofacial development. Craniofacial abnormalities include frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, parrot beak nose, and hypoplastic maxilla. The most common ophthalmic manifestations of Crouzon syndrome are proptosis, exotropia, exposure keratopathy, hypertelorism, and optic atrophy secondary to chronic papilledema. Here we report a case of Crouzon syndrome with ocular complications.
{"title":"Crouzon syndrome and the eye","authors":"Anushree Gupta","doi":"10.4103/hjo.hjo_22_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/hjo.hjo_22_22","url":null,"abstract":"Crouzon syndrome is characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures (craniosynostosis) which can impair proper brain and craniofacial development. Craniofacial abnormalities include frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, parrot beak nose, and hypoplastic maxilla. The most common ophthalmic manifestations of Crouzon syndrome are proptosis, exotropia, exposure keratopathy, hypertelorism, and optic atrophy secondary to chronic papilledema. Here we report a case of Crouzon syndrome with ocular complications.","PeriodicalId":370883,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"420 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116531453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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