Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000072
Weisan Chen
Furthermore, of the 101 synthetic overlapping BSA peptides screened, two HLA-DRB1*01:01-restricted epitopes were identified. Thus, caution should be exercised when FCS-containing culture media is used for T cell clinical trial monitoring
{"title":"Supplemental Fetal Calf Serum in T cell Culture Media Expands Bovine Serum Albumin-Specific Human CD4+ T Cells","authors":"Weisan Chen","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000072","url":null,"abstract":"Furthermore, of the 101 synthetic overlapping BSA peptides screened, two HLA-DRB1*01:01-restricted epitopes were identified. Thus, caution should be exercised when FCS-containing culture media is used for T cell clinical trial monitoring","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127766048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000071
S. Mahmood
Physicians normally have a positive perception about social distancing, but due to personal and work-related factors, compliance to social distancing practices is being found lacking.
医生通常对社交距离有积极的看法，但由于个人和工作相关因素，人们发现对社交距离做法的遵守程度不足。
{"title":"Perceptions and Practices of Social Distancing in Physicians during Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"S. Mahmood","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000071","url":null,"abstract":"Physicians normally have a positive perception about social distancing, but due to personal and work-related factors, compliance to social distancing practices is being found lacking.","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126797264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000068
M. Kalim
{"title":"Essential Impact of Antibodies and Drug Conjugates in Cancer Therapy","authors":"M. Kalim","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134042203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000067
M. Balzan
This article builds on a previous proposal of a hypothesis where- by repeated arthropod or sand-fly vector infection of humans by novel viruses of zoonotic origins carrying bat or mammalian RNA/ DNA, such as phleboviruses may have resulted in the development of an effective evolutionary immune response to most novel zoonotic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 through survival of the fittest possi bly over many generations. Phleboviruses and Flaviviruses such as Dengue Fever virus (DENV), can infect many mammalian species, including bats and animal husbandry just like coronaviruses. The resulting mutations when crossing species can expose large populations of humans to novel viruses that find the reactive immunity completely unprepared. Survival over thousands of years of human evolution was likely to be dependent on strong and resilient innate immunity, in the form of the Interferon I system. Phleboviruses and Flaviviruses just like Sars-Covid-1 and 2, have multiple biochemical pathways to suppress the IRF3/7 pathway on different levels, which lead to inefficient production of type 1 interferons and an impaired antiviral response. Recently pub-lished research has shown that 3.5% of patients with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia had known AR IRF7 and IFNAR1 deficiencies or AD TLR3, TICAM1, TBK1, and IRF3 deficiencies or new (AD UN - C93B1, IRF7, IFNAR1, and IFNAR2 deficiencies) genetic defects in the TLR3- and IRF7-dependent induction and amplification of type I IFNs. In this paper, it is being proposed that populations of the geographical areas of the respective arthropod-borne disease such as phlebovirus or flavivirus infections may have contributed to select within the populations’ survival of individuals free from genetic defects of these pathways. such Lombardy, Kingdom be necessary to support such a hypothesis.
{"title":"Arthropod-Borne Disease May Lead to a More Resilient Type I Interferon Response to Coronavirus by Reducing Genetic Defects of Innate Immunity by Natural Selection","authors":"M. Balzan","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000067","url":null,"abstract":"This article builds on a previous proposal of a hypothesis where- by repeated arthropod or sand-fly vector infection of humans by novel viruses of zoonotic origins carrying bat or mammalian RNA/ DNA, such as phleboviruses may have resulted in the development of an effective evolutionary immune response to most novel zoonotic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 through survival of the fittest possi bly over many generations. Phleboviruses and Flaviviruses such as Dengue Fever virus (DENV), can infect many mammalian species, including bats and animal husbandry just like coronaviruses. The resulting mutations when crossing species can expose large populations of humans to novel viruses that find the reactive immunity completely unprepared. Survival over thousands of years of human evolution was likely to be dependent on strong and resilient innate immunity, in the form of the Interferon I system. Phleboviruses and Flaviviruses just like Sars-Covid-1 and 2, have multiple biochemical pathways to suppress the IRF3/7 pathway on different levels, which lead to inefficient production of type 1 interferons and an impaired antiviral response. Recently pub-lished research has shown that 3.5% of patients with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia had known AR IRF7 and IFNAR1 deficiencies or AD TLR3, TICAM1, TBK1, and IRF3 deficiencies or new (AD UN - C93B1, IRF7, IFNAR1, and IFNAR2 deficiencies) genetic defects in the TLR3- and IRF7-dependent induction and amplification of type I IFNs. In this paper, it is being proposed that populations of the geographical areas of the respective arthropod-borne disease such as phlebovirus or flavivirus infections may have contributed to select within the populations’ survival of individuals free from genetic defects of these pathways. such Lombardy, Kingdom be necessary to support such a hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116916561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000069
M. Vadalà
{"title":"Alive and Inactivated Cutibacterium Acnes: Properties, Functions and Pathogenicity","authors":"M. Vadalà","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121797117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000064
E. V. Navolotskaya
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory Effect of Peptide LKEKK on Keratinocytes","authors":"E. V. Navolotskaya","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129642915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000066
C. Malemud
ry cytokines are an essential driver of synovial joint inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA), drugs [e.g. Anakinra, Tocilizumab, Tofacitinib, Adalibumab] that target the signal transduction pathways activated by these cytokines including, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) are routinely employed in the medical therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [1], but NOT OA. Why is that? Several possible explanations arise from a perusal of the relevant medical literature in the PubMed database. For example, it is well known that genetic and mechanical stressors are integral to the development and progression of OA pathology but the type of inflammation inherent in cartilage destruction in OA was originally classified as “non-classical.” [1]. But is this the case? I think not.
{"title":"Defective Signal Transduction in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes and Synovial Fibroblasts Should Become a Target for Drug Intervention","authors":"C. Malemud","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000066","url":null,"abstract":"ry cytokines are an essential driver of synovial joint inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA), drugs [e.g. Anakinra, Tocilizumab, Tofacitinib, Adalibumab] that target the signal transduction pathways activated by these cytokines including, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) are routinely employed in the medical therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [1], but NOT OA. Why is that? Several possible explanations arise from a perusal of the relevant medical literature in the PubMed database. For example, it is well known that genetic and mechanical stressors are integral to the development and progression of OA pathology but the type of inflammation inherent in cartilage destruction in OA was originally classified as “non-classical.” [1]. But is this the case? I think not.","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126436777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000046
J. Doornik
We have been publishing real-time forecasts of confirmed cases and deaths for COVID-19 from mid-March 2020 onwards, published at www.doornik.com/COVID-19. These forecasts are short-term statistical extrapolations of past and current data. They assume that the underlying trend is informative of short-term developments, without requiring other assumptions of how the SARS-CoV-2 virus is spreading, or whether preventative policies are effective. We provide an overview of the forecasting approach that we use and assess the quality of the forecasts in comparison to those from an epidemiological model.
{"title":"Statistical Short-Term Forecasting Of The COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"J. Doornik","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000046","url":null,"abstract":"We have been publishing real-time forecasts of confirmed cases and deaths for COVID-19 from mid-March 2020 onwards, published at www.doornik.com/COVID-19. These forecasts are short-term statistical extrapolations of past and current data. They assume that the underlying trend is informative of short-term developments, without requiring other assumptions of how the SARS-CoV-2 virus is spreading, or whether preventative policies are effective. We provide an overview of the forecasting approach that we use and assess the quality of the forecasts in comparison to those from an epidemiological model.","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124810024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000048
Daniel P Cashman
The current dominance of D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic implies increased infectivity of the virus S protein that drives cellular entry which is triggered by binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor and calcium-dependent protease-mediated activation. Understanding how the D614G spike protein mutation could produce a fitness advantage is key to therapeutic development given its epidemiological dominance. A 14-amino acid (aa) consensus sequence was found in 84 SARS-CoV-2 D614G entries from the NCBI Protein database. No other significant similarity to the D614G mutant sequence was found. A homology to the analogous wild type 14-aa consensus peptide was found in bat coronavirus (APO40579.1) and a smaller 13-aa consensus homology was found with SARS-CoV (AAP41037.1). A successive substring search constrained by the boundary of the D614G consensus peptide compared to all of the proteins in the unbiased Prosite EF-hand calcium-binding domain profile (PS50222) was undertaken because calcium triggers the protease-mediated activation of membrane fusion. A homology to single protein was found; a probable voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B that is involved in the pore-forming regulation of transmembrane calcium transport (Uni Prot KB-P56698). A subsequent brute force Pub Med searching revealed the existence of a laboratory created aspartic acid to glycine mutation in the F protein human parainfluenza virus (hPIV-3 D104G mutation) that facilitated the spread of hPIV-3 in SPCA1 deficient cells. In humans, (SPCA1) regulates the Golgi luminal Ca2+ homeostasis and is ubiquitously expressed in all issues. Decreased SPCA1 expression causes Hailey-Hailey disease, a rare skin disorder that impairs a cells’ ability to transport Ca2+ (i.e., human ATP2C1 gene). Clinically the hypocalcemia associated with hospitalized COVID-19 patients can effectively impair Ca2+ transport in an analogous manner to the SPCA1 deficiency. Here, the D614G SAR-CoV-2 mutant strain can make use of clinical hypocalcemia like the D104G mutated hPIV-3 virus takes advantage of SPCA1 deficient cells to increase infectivity. These data demonstrate the critical importance of calcium for effective SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infection and how understanding this mechanism can be exploited for therapeutic gain to stop, or otherwise attenuate virus infection at the earliest steps. Calcium chelation by pharmaceutical EDTA, has been, and can be safely delivered via nebulizer or oral ingestion. EDTA treatment is available in outpatient and inpatient settings and can be self-administered during “quarantine” periods. These proven and safe EDTA treatments should effectively disrupt SARS-CoV-2 spread at the earliest step in the virus lifecycle and warrant investigation and optimization to save lives post haste.
{"title":"Dominance Of SARS-CoV-2 D614G Variant Explained By The Requirement Of COVID-19 For Calcium; Proximate Therapeutic Implication(S) For COVID-19","authors":"Daniel P Cashman","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000048","url":null,"abstract":"The current dominance of D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic implies increased infectivity of the virus S protein that drives cellular entry which is triggered by binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor and calcium-dependent protease-mediated activation. Understanding how the D614G spike protein mutation could produce a fitness advantage is key to therapeutic development given its epidemiological dominance. A 14-amino acid (aa) consensus sequence was found in 84 SARS-CoV-2 D614G entries from the NCBI Protein database. No other significant similarity to the D614G mutant sequence was found. A homology to the analogous wild type 14-aa consensus peptide was found in bat coronavirus (APO40579.1) and a smaller 13-aa consensus homology was found with SARS-CoV (AAP41037.1). A successive substring search constrained by the boundary of the D614G consensus peptide compared to all of the proteins in the unbiased Prosite EF-hand calcium-binding domain profile (PS50222) was undertaken because calcium triggers the protease-mediated activation of membrane fusion. A homology to single protein was found; a probable voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B that is involved in the pore-forming regulation of transmembrane calcium transport (Uni Prot KB-P56698). A subsequent brute force Pub Med searching revealed the existence of a laboratory created aspartic acid to glycine mutation in the F protein human parainfluenza virus (hPIV-3 D104G mutation) that facilitated the spread of hPIV-3 in SPCA1 deficient cells. In humans, (SPCA1) regulates the Golgi luminal Ca2+ homeostasis and is ubiquitously expressed in all issues. Decreased SPCA1 expression causes Hailey-Hailey disease, a rare skin disorder that impairs a cells’ ability to transport Ca2+ (i.e., human ATP2C1 gene). Clinically the hypocalcemia associated with hospitalized COVID-19 patients can effectively impair Ca2+ transport in an analogous manner to the SPCA1 deficiency. Here, the D614G SAR-CoV-2 mutant strain can make use of clinical hypocalcemia like the D104G mutated hPIV-3 virus takes advantage of SPCA1 deficient cells to increase infectivity. These data demonstrate the critical importance of calcium for effective SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infection and how understanding this mechanism can be exploited for therapeutic gain to stop, or otherwise attenuate virus infection at the earliest steps. Calcium chelation by pharmaceutical EDTA, has been, and can be safely delivered via nebulizer or oral ingestion. EDTA treatment is available in outpatient and inpatient settings and can be self-administered during “quarantine” periods. These proven and safe EDTA treatments should effectively disrupt SARS-CoV-2 spread at the earliest step in the virus lifecycle and warrant investigation and optimization to save lives post haste.","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132524052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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