Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000053
Shibo Li
We provide a short review on our publication-Ding and Li (2020, Business Horizons). We find that during the COVID-19 pandemic, different nations have adopted three different response strategies to contain the new coronavirus: strict control with unlimited resources, relentless contribution with limited resources, and rough rationality with limited resources. We discuss what marketing innovation strategies that enterprises may adopt to survive and grow their businesses during and after the pandemic. This study provides important strategic implications for national policymakers and enterprises on the use of response strategies and marketing innovation strategies in both short and long run.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic, National Response Strategies And Marketing Innovations","authors":"Shibo Li","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000053","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a short review on our publication-Ding and Li (2020, Business Horizons). We find that during the COVID-19 pandemic, different nations have adopted three different response strategies to contain the new coronavirus: strict control with unlimited resources, relentless contribution with limited resources, and rough rationality with limited resources. We discuss what marketing innovation strategies that enterprises may adopt to survive and grow their businesses during and after the pandemic. This study provides important strategic implications for national policymakers and enterprises on the use of response strategies and marketing innovation strategies in both short and long run.","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126340875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000052
A. Deppman
The main properties of a fractal model to describe the epidemic spread of diseases are discussed. The most important features of the epidemic process that leads to the conclusion of an underlying fractal structure are analyzed, and the meaning of the parameters of the model are investigated. It is shown that the existence of a fractal mechanism in the epidemic evolution leads to a simple relation between time interval for the epidemic spread and the population size. It is shown that the contamination rate varies with the population size. The relevant differences between the SIR model and the fractal model are discussed.
{"title":"Fractal Aspects Of Epidemic Spread","authors":"A. Deppman","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000052","url":null,"abstract":"The main properties of a fractal model to describe the epidemic spread of diseases are discussed. The most important features of the epidemic process that leads to the conclusion of an underlying fractal structure are analyzed, and the meaning of the parameters of the model are investigated. It is shown that the existence of a fractal mechanism in the epidemic evolution leads to a simple relation between time interval for the epidemic spread and the population size. It is shown that the contamination rate varies with the population size. The relevant differences between the SIR model and the fractal model are discussed.","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130954647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000045
Cheung Victor Kai-Lam
In January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concerns (PHEIC) to later, in March 11, 2020, declared it as a global pandemic, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), a densely populated city where approximately 8-million people are residing, has been at high stake of large-scale spread in the serial waves of COVID-19 attacks. Lessons that healthcare workers (HCWs, roughly defined as “medical, nursing, and patient-care or operational staff in hospital”) learned from painful experience in the battle with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) have
{"title":"Caring For Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 Crisis: Integrating Simulation Training With Hospital System Towards Actualizing Occupational Safety, Health And Well-Being","authors":"Cheung Victor Kai-Lam","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000045","url":null,"abstract":"In January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concerns (PHEIC) to later, in March 11, 2020, declared it as a global pandemic, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), a densely populated city where approximately 8-million people are residing, has been at high stake of large-scale spread in the serial waves of COVID-19 attacks. Lessons that healthcare workers (HCWs, roughly defined as “medical, nursing, and patient-care or operational staff in hospital”) learned from painful experience in the battle with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) have","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126076179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-30DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000041
Makkar Sarabjot Singh
factor such as in systemic thrombotic micro angiopathy [5]. In centrifugation, the blood is separated according to their densities with no limitation of the size of molecules. Pharmacological therapies take weeks or Abstract Since it was first reported by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) in December 2019, multiple mechanisms of pathogenesis have been implied in the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID the Severe Acute Respirato - ry Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE), was early used as a treatment alternative for COVID19. After the publication of some initial studies the US Food and Drug Ad -ministration, granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), and the World Health Organization (WHO) has endorsed it as potentially ef ficacious therapy for severe critically ill patients. We describe our experience with TPE and examine ongoing trials. We base recom mendations on the current available data to provide a guide and rec - ommendations on the treatment and potentially effects of TPE for patients with COVID-19.
{"title":"Therapeutic Plasma Exchange And COVID-19: A Rapid Review","authors":"Makkar Sarabjot Singh","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000041","url":null,"abstract":"factor such as in systemic thrombotic micro angiopathy [5]. In centrifugation, the blood is separated according to their densities with no limitation of the size of molecules. Pharmacological therapies take weeks or Abstract Since it was first reported by the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) in December 2019, multiple mechanisms of pathogenesis have been implied in the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID the Severe Acute Respirato - ry Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE), was early used as a treatment alternative for COVID19. After the publication of some initial studies the US Food and Drug Ad -ministration, granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), and the World Health Organization (WHO) has endorsed it as potentially ef ficacious therapy for severe critically ill patients. We describe our experience with TPE and examine ongoing trials. We base recom mendations on the current available data to provide a guide and rec - ommendations on the treatment and potentially effects of TPE for patients with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"5 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113961712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-22DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-94971/v1
Z. Tang, Xianhai Zeng, Juanjuan Li, Hua Zhang, Han-Xing Wu, S. Zhuang, Yiqing Zheng
Objective: To assess whether secretory otitis media may be caused by immune imbalance of Treg/Th17 mediated by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, so as to find new therapeutic target.Methods: IL-17, TGF- and IL-6, IL-10 and Th17 cytokines were detected in peripheral blood of OME patients (PC group) and healthy people (NC group) by ELISA. The expression of ROR t mRNA and Foxp3mRNA in PBMC was detected by RT-PCR. OME rat model was established and the changes of lymphocytes in middle ear mucosa and spleen and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in middle ear mucosa were detected by HE staining, IHC, WB and flow cytometry.Results: The immune imbalance of Treg/Th17 in secretory otitis media (OME) was confirmed by the expression of cytokines in OME serum and analysis of ROR T and Foxp3 mRNA which was Th17 and Treg specific transcription respectively. OME rat model further confirmed that Treg/Th17 imbalance could lead to OME as demonstrated by staining of MIDDLE ear mucosa and expression of ROR T and Foxp3. PI3K, Akt, and mTOR proteins were expressed in the MIDDLE ear mucosa of OME group and CON group, respectively. Compared with CON group, the expression of P-MTOR and P-PI3K proteins in the middle ear mucosa of OME group was significantly increased.Conclusions: Treg/Th17 imbalances are found in OME patients and OME animal model and the pathogenic mechanism may be due to systemic abnormal immune response, activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, abnormal T cell differentiation, leading to middle ear mucosal hyperemia, edema and subsequent occurrence of OME.
目的:探讨分泌性中耳炎是否由PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号介导的Treg/Th17免疫失衡引起，以寻找新的治疗靶点。方法:采用ELISA法检测OME患者(PC组)和正常人(NC组)外周血中IL-17、TGF-、IL-6、IL-10、Th17等细胞因子。RT-PCR检测PBMC中ROR t mRNA和Foxp3mRNA的表达。建立OME大鼠模型，采用HE染色、免疫组化、WB及流式细胞术检测中耳黏膜及脾脏淋巴细胞的变化及中耳黏膜PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的变化。结果:分泌性中耳炎(OME)血清中细胞因子的表达和Th17特异性转录的ROR T和Treg特异性转录的Foxp3 mRNA的分析证实了Treg/Th17免疫失衡。OME大鼠模型进一步证实Treg/Th17失衡可导致OME，中耳粘膜染色及ROR T和Foxp3的表达证实了这一点。OME组和CON组中耳黏膜分别表达PI3K、Akt和mTOR蛋白。与CON组比较，OME组中耳黏膜P-MTOR、P-PI3K蛋白表达显著升高。结论:OME患者及OME动物模型均存在Treg/Th17失衡，其发病机制可能是全身性免疫反应异常，PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号被激活，T细胞分化异常，导致中耳黏膜充血、水肿，进而发生OME。
{"title":"The Immune Imbalance of Treg/Th17 in Otitis Media of Effusion Patients May Be Related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Activation in the Middle Ear Mucosa","authors":"Z. Tang, Xianhai Zeng, Juanjuan Li, Hua Zhang, Han-Xing Wu, S. Zhuang, Yiqing Zheng","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-94971/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-94971/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objective: To assess whether secretory otitis media may be caused by immune imbalance of Treg/Th17 mediated by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, so as to find new therapeutic target.Methods: IL-17, TGF- and IL-6, IL-10 and Th17 cytokines were detected in peripheral blood of OME patients (PC group) and healthy people (NC group) by ELISA. The expression of ROR t mRNA and Foxp3mRNA in PBMC was detected by RT-PCR. OME rat model was established and the changes of lymphocytes in middle ear mucosa and spleen and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in middle ear mucosa were detected by HE staining, IHC, WB and flow cytometry.Results: The immune imbalance of Treg/Th17 in secretory otitis media (OME) was confirmed by the expression of cytokines in OME serum and analysis of ROR T and Foxp3 mRNA which was Th17 and Treg specific transcription respectively. OME rat model further confirmed that Treg/Th17 imbalance could lead to OME as demonstrated by staining of MIDDLE ear mucosa and expression of ROR T and Foxp3. PI3K, Akt, and mTOR proteins were expressed in the MIDDLE ear mucosa of OME group and CON group, respectively. Compared with CON group, the expression of P-MTOR and P-PI3K proteins in the middle ear mucosa of OME group was significantly increased.Conclusions: Treg/Th17 imbalances are found in OME patients and OME animal model and the pathogenic mechanism may be due to systemic abnormal immune response, activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, abnormal T cell differentiation, leading to middle ear mucosal hyperemia, edema and subsequent occurrence of OME.","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134111609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-31DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000038
Xiaotao Li
disease with multiple systems and organs damaged [1]. Lupus Nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications in SLE and almost all SLE patients have varying degrees of renal lesions which directly affect the prognosis of SLE [2]. About 60% of SLE patients have LN, and 10%~30% of patients eventually develop renal failure [3]. The pathogenesis of SLE is complex and has yet to be clearly explained, resulting in a lack of effective targeted therapy in clinical practice.
{"title":"Action Of The Proteasome Activator REGγ In Autoimmune Diseases","authors":"Xiaotao Li","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000038","url":null,"abstract":"disease with multiple systems and organs damaged [1]. Lupus Nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications in SLE and almost all SLE patients have varying degrees of renal lesions which directly affect the prognosis of SLE [2]. About 60% of SLE patients have LN, and 10%~30% of patients eventually develop renal failure [3]. The pathogenesis of SLE is complex and has yet to be clearly explained, resulting in a lack of effective targeted therapy in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130534435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.24966/ciit-8844/1000030
Jimena Varona Pérez, JM Rodriguez Chinesta
has led to using all available resources to curb the disease. As we have learned more about the virus, more targeted drugs have been prescribed. The inflammation phase is perhaps the most worrisome. It requires therapies that slow down the immune system activation [1]. Corticosteroids are the favorite drug. However, dosages and maintenance regime are still uncertain. We have already started to have some results on its effectiveness [2], which were not available at the beginning. We have used a three-day regimen of 125 or 250 mg methylprednisolone pulses according to clinical-analytical severity in our hospital. However, corticosteroids are not without risks. One of the most frequent risks is the reactivation of infections. Reactivation of the hepatitis B virus is especially important because it is frequent and we can prevent it. In addition, a recent study has linked chronic HBV infection with a decreased clearance rate of SARS-CoV-2 [3]. Therefore, we review the recommendations on the prophylaxis of reactivation of HBV infection in patients receiving corticosteroid pulses.
{"title":"Complications Of Treatment Against SARS-CoV-2: Risk Of Hepatitis B Reactivation Associated With Corticosteroids","authors":"Jimena Varona Pérez, JM Rodriguez Chinesta","doi":"10.24966/ciit-8844/1000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ciit-8844/1000030","url":null,"abstract":"has led to using all available resources to curb the disease. As we have learned more about the virus, more targeted drugs have been prescribed. The inflammation phase is perhaps the most worrisome. It requires therapies that slow down the immune system activation [1]. Corticosteroids are the favorite drug. However, dosages and maintenance regime are still uncertain. We have already started to have some results on its effectiveness [2], which were not available at the beginning. We have used a three-day regimen of 125 or 250 mg methylprednisolone pulses according to clinical-analytical severity in our hospital. However, corticosteroids are not without risks. One of the most frequent risks is the reactivation of infections. Reactivation of the hepatitis B virus is especially important because it is frequent and we can prevent it. In addition, a recent study has linked chronic HBV infection with a decreased clearance rate of SARS-CoV-2 [3]. Therefore, we review the recommendations on the prophylaxis of reactivation of HBV infection in patients receiving corticosteroid pulses.","PeriodicalId":370947,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122328432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：