Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/010
A. Hélard
The account, in verse, of the Ruskin family’s first tour on the Continent, in 1833, opens with an evocation of Calais. This is only the first of a rather long series of passages expressing Ruskin’s singular interest in Calais. What is intriguing is that Calais, in Ruskin’s imaginary geography, is the place where one turns one’s back on familiar England to enter continental Europe, where everything is to be discovered, the place where, in a true art of travelling, a shift of the gaze begins. At the same time, it is the starting point of what Ruskin will call, at the other end of his work, The Old Road.
{"title":"Ce qui commence à Calais : l’Europe, terrain de jeu de Ruskin","authors":"A. Hélard","doi":"10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/010","url":null,"abstract":"The account, in verse, of the Ruskin family’s first tour on the Continent, in 1833, opens with an evocation of Calais. This is only the first of a rather long series of passages expressing Ruskin’s singular interest in Calais. What is intriguing is that Calais, in Ruskin’s imaginary geography, is the place where one turns one’s back on familiar England to enter continental Europe, where everything is to be discovered, the place where, in a true art of travelling, a shift of the gaze begins. At the same time, it is the starting point of what Ruskin will call, at the other end of his work, The Old Road.","PeriodicalId":370948,"journal":{"name":"Sources, Literatures, Arts & Landscapes of Europe","volume":"597 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133731495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/004
Pierre-Henry Frangne
My analysis of the question of sight, vision, gaze and the visible in John Ruskin’s work will consist of three moments: 1) the delimitation of the problem I propose to address, 2) the photographic temptation that was Ruskin’s, 3) the question of the innocence of the eye and the pure visibility that makes Ruskin a central maillon in the European aesthetics of the 19th and 20th centuries. The aim is to show how the English writer plays an important role in contemporary thinking about visibility in its artistic, scientific, aesthetic and philosophical implications. Since for Ruskin, «seeing involves the whole man».
{"title":"John Ruskin, un œil européen\u0000 La photographie, la peinture, l’écriture et l’énigme de la visibilité","authors":"Pierre-Henry Frangne","doi":"10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/004","url":null,"abstract":"My analysis of the question of sight, vision, gaze and the visible in John Ruskin’s work will consist of three moments: 1) the delimitation of the problem I propose to address, 2) the photographic temptation that was Ruskin’s, 3) the question of the innocence of the eye and the pure visibility that makes Ruskin a central maillon in the European aesthetics of the 19th and 20th centuries. The aim is to show how the English writer plays an important role in contemporary thinking about visibility in its artistic, scientific, aesthetic and philosophical implications. Since for Ruskin, «seeing involves the whole man».","PeriodicalId":370948,"journal":{"name":"Sources, Literatures, Arts & Landscapes of Europe","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124890658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/018
Emma Sdegno
In 1907 Cook and Wedderburn published the volume XXXII of the Library Edition, grouping together a series of texts “Edited and Arranged by John Ruskin”: Studies of Peasant Life: The Story of Ida, Roadside Songs of Tuscany, Christ’s Folk in the Apennine, Ulric the Farm Servant. Since most of the works were authored by Francesca Alexander the volume is in effect a tribute to this American artist. In this paper I outline the history of the editing of Francesca Alexander’s Roadside Songs of Tuscany, from the manuscript “Francesca’s Book” to the published edition issued in parts between 1884 and 1885. I argue that Ruskin’s interest in the project bears a special relationship to the publication of the Fioretti di San Francesco in mid-nineteenth-century French and English versions, and to the ideological context that generated those publications. Ruskin’s declared aim of conveying to the English mind “some sympathetic conception of the reality of the sweet soul of Catholic Italy” was generated within this context, and his idea of publishing Francesca’s manuscript in a heavily edited and thoroughly new form justifies comparison with continental research into Medieval literature in the last decades of the Nineteenth century.
{"title":"Edited by Ruskin: Francesca Alexander’s Roadside Songs of Tuscany","authors":"Emma Sdegno","doi":"10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/018","url":null,"abstract":"In 1907 Cook and Wedderburn published the volume XXXII of the Library Edition, grouping together a series of texts “Edited and Arranged by John Ruskin”: Studies of Peasant Life: The Story of Ida, Roadside Songs of Tuscany, Christ’s Folk in the Apennine, Ulric the Farm Servant. Since most of the works were authored by Francesca Alexander the volume is in effect a tribute to this American artist. In this paper I outline the history of the editing of Francesca Alexander’s Roadside Songs of Tuscany, from the manuscript “Francesca’s Book” to the published edition issued in parts between 1884 and 1885. I argue that Ruskin’s interest in the project bears a special relationship to the publication of the Fioretti di San Francesco in mid-nineteenth-century French and English versions, and to the ideological context that generated those publications. Ruskin’s declared aim of conveying to the English mind “some sympathetic conception of the reality of the sweet soul of Catholic Italy” was generated within this context, and his idea of publishing Francesca’s manuscript in a heavily edited and thoroughly new form justifies comparison with continental research into Medieval literature in the last decades of the Nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":370948,"journal":{"name":"Sources, Literatures, Arts & Landscapes of Europe","volume":"37 suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130028722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/021
L. Cerasi
Ruskin’s social criticism, which in Unto This Last (1862) harshly condemned the effects of industrialism by mythologizing medieval age and craftmanship, had a wide influence on social reformers of various political orientations. While his work as an art critic was promptly received in the Italian cultural debate, his social criticism found little audience, at least until the turn of the century, and anyway not in the sphere of economic and sociological culture. In this contribution I examine how the circulation of Ruskin’s social thought in the Italian cultural debate between the 19th and 20th centuries was inscribed in the renewed interest in the social function of art, advocated in the Florentine literary journal Il Marzocco with particular reference to the work of L. Tolstoj by young intellectuals such as U. Ojetti, A. Orvieto, and E. Corradini, as well as established critics as A. Conti.
罗斯金在《到此为止》(Unto This Last, 1862)一书中，通过将中世纪和工艺神话化，严厉谴责了工业主义的影响，对各种政治倾向的社会改革家产生了广泛的影响。虽然他作为艺术评论家的作品在意大利文化辩论中迅速得到认可，但他的社会批评却很少有人关注，至少在世纪之交之前是这样，而且无论如何也不是在经济和社会学文化领域。在这篇文章中，我研究了罗斯金的社会思想在19世纪和20世纪之间的意大利文化辩论中是如何被重新关注艺术的社会功能的，这是佛罗伦萨文学杂志Il Marzocco所提倡的，特别提到了L.托尔斯泰的作品，这些作品由年轻的知识分子如U. Ojetti, A. Orvieto和E. Corradini以及A. Conti等知名评论家所写。
{"title":"Tra nostalgia preindustriale, ghildismo e rinascita nazionale\u0000 Il pensiero sociale di Ruskin nel dibattito culturale italiano","authors":"L. Cerasi","doi":"10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/021","url":null,"abstract":"Ruskin’s social criticism, which in Unto This Last (1862) harshly condemned the effects of industrialism by mythologizing medieval age and craftmanship, had a wide influence on social reformers of various political orientations. While his work as an art critic was promptly received in the Italian cultural debate, his social criticism found little audience, at least until the turn of the century, and anyway not in the sphere of economic and sociological culture. In this contribution I examine how the circulation of Ruskin’s social thought in the Italian cultural debate between the 19th and 20th centuries was inscribed in the renewed interest in the social function of art, advocated in the Florentine literary journal Il Marzocco with particular reference to the work of L. Tolstoj by young intellectuals such as U. Ojetti, A. Orvieto, and E. Corradini, as well as established critics as A. Conti.","PeriodicalId":370948,"journal":{"name":"Sources, Literatures, Arts & Landscapes of Europe","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116105952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/022
Jean-Yves Tizot
The article proposes to review the reception and transmission of John Ruskin’s social thought as expressed in Unto this Last (1862), translated and edited in different European languages. The text itself offers little room for variation, so that interpretations are voiced mainly in the editors’ introductions or afterwords, when they exist. This study finds that very few foreign versions do justice to Ruskin’s radicalism in his anti-capitalist and anti-industrial critique of modern society, his rejection of ‘progress’ and his refutation of political economy, while most take advantage of the occasion to express their own political and social views, often in blatant betrayal of Ruskin’s ideas.
本文旨在回顾约翰·罗斯金在《直到最后》(Unto this Last, 1862)一书中所表达的社会思想的接受和传播，该书被翻译和编辑成不同的欧洲语言。文本本身几乎没有变化的余地，所以解释主要是在编辑的介绍或后记中表达的，如果有的话。本研究发现，很少有外国版本公正地对待罗斯金的激进主义，他对现代社会的反资本主义和反工业批判，他对“进步”的拒绝以及他对政治经济学的驳斥，而大多数人都利用这个机会表达自己的政治和社会观点，经常公然背叛罗斯金的思想。
{"title":"Ruskin in Translation: Versions of Unto this Last in a Few Europeans Languages\u0000 Toward a Reception History of John Ruskin’s Social Thought","authors":"Jean-Yves Tizot","doi":"10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/022","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes to review the reception and transmission of John Ruskin’s social thought as expressed in Unto this Last (1862), translated and edited in different European languages. The text itself offers little room for variation, so that interpretations are voiced mainly in the editors’ introductions or afterwords, when they exist. This study finds that very few foreign versions do justice to Ruskin’s radicalism in his anti-capitalist and anti-industrial critique of modern society, his rejection of ‘progress’ and his refutation of political economy, while most take advantage of the occasion to express their own political and social views, often in blatant betrayal of Ruskin’s ideas.","PeriodicalId":370948,"journal":{"name":"Sources, Literatures, Arts & Landscapes of Europe","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121541330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5
Emma Sdegno, M. Frank, P. Frangne, Myriam Pilutti Namer
Ruskin’s work is strongly embedded in the broad European context, marking an important moment in the movement for the establishment of a community culture and spirit. The essays collected here intend to place the theme of Ruskin’s fruitful and vital relationship with Europe at the centre of a critical reflection, opportunities for an in-depth study and a discussion on issues related to aesthetics, the protection of tangible and intangible heritage, cultural and literary memory. By bringing to the attention of the scientific community the multiple aspects – geographic, historical-artistic, critical-aesthetic, literary, socio-political – of Ruskin’s work from inter- and transcultural perspectives, the volume aims to (re)discover a deliberately European Ruskin and to stimulate new research paths.
{"title":"John Ruskin’s Europe. A Collection of Cross-Cultural Essays\u0000 With an Introductory Lecture by Salvatore Settis","authors":"Emma Sdegno, M. Frank, P. Frangne, Myriam Pilutti Namer","doi":"10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5","url":null,"abstract":"Ruskin’s work is strongly embedded in the broad European context, marking an important moment in the movement for the establishment of a community culture and spirit. The essays collected here intend to place the theme of Ruskin’s fruitful and vital relationship with Europe at the centre of a critical reflection, opportunities for an in-depth study and a discussion on issues related to aesthetics, the protection of tangible and intangible heritage, cultural and literary memory. By bringing to the attention of the scientific community the multiple aspects – geographic, historical-artistic, critical-aesthetic, literary, socio-political – of Ruskin’s work from inter- and transcultural perspectives, the volume aims to (re)discover a deliberately European Ruskin and to stimulate new research paths.","PeriodicalId":370948,"journal":{"name":"Sources, Literatures, Arts & Landscapes of Europe","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115114115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/011
P. Tucker
This chapter starts by considering a recent design for a bridge named after Ruskin, whose inadequacy it attributes to disregard for Ruskin's definition of a bridge's basic function as that of safe passage over a river and misapplication of his concept of ‘abstract lines’ as ornament. For Ruskin, curvature determined by that function allowed bridges materially to trace such lines and so epitomize general laws governing landscape composition, natural morphology and human co-existence. Taking it as a figure of connection, threaded as a clue through his work, the chapter explores Ruskin's sense of the significance and sacredness of bridges, manifested especially in the role he assigned to an ideal Pontifex, guarantor of secure passage across national, cultural and cognitive divides.
{"title":"Division, Juncture, System: Bridges and Bridge-Building in the Work of John Ruskin","authors":"P. Tucker","doi":"10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter starts by considering a recent design for a bridge named after Ruskin, whose inadequacy it attributes to disregard for Ruskin's definition of a bridge's basic function as that of safe passage over a river and misapplication of his concept of ‘abstract lines’ as ornament. For Ruskin, curvature determined by that function allowed bridges materially to trace such lines and so epitomize general laws governing landscape composition, natural morphology and human co-existence. Taking it as a figure of connection, threaded as a clue through his work, the chapter explores Ruskin's sense of the significance and sacredness of bridges, manifested especially in the role he assigned to an ideal Pontifex, guarantor of secure passage across national, cultural and cognitive divides.","PeriodicalId":370948,"journal":{"name":"Sources, Literatures, Arts & Landscapes of Europe","volume":"53 87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126272048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/013
S. Wildman
John Ruskin’s visit to Sicily in the spring of 1874 is largely neglected in the main biographies and generally regarded as a mere adjunct to the more significant purpose of his trip to Italy in that year, studying the work of Botticelli and other Old Masters first in Florence and at Assisi, and then in Rome. The ten-day break from study between 20 and 30 April, apparently at the casual invitation of slight acquaintances, Colonel and Mrs Henry Yule, then living in Palermo, has tended to be seen as an unimportant interlude, even though it does represent the furthest point in Europe (and therefore the world) to which he ever travelled. Recent research has uncovered a good deal more about his hosts in Palermo, and especially their daughter Amy, who begins to emerge as one of the forgotten, but not least important, figures in Ruskin’s later personal life.
{"title":"John Ruskin and His ‘Witch of Sicily’, Amy Yule","authors":"S. Wildman","doi":"10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/013","url":null,"abstract":"John Ruskin’s visit to Sicily in the spring of 1874 is largely neglected in the main biographies and generally regarded as a mere adjunct to the more significant purpose of his trip to Italy in that year, studying the work of Botticelli and other Old Masters first in Florence and at Assisi, and then in Rome. The ten-day break from study between 20 and 30 April, apparently at the casual invitation of slight acquaintances, Colonel and Mrs Henry Yule, then living in Palermo, has tended to be seen as an unimportant interlude, even though it does represent the furthest point in Europe (and therefore the world) to which he ever travelled. Recent research has uncovered a good deal more about his hosts in Palermo, and especially their daughter Amy, who begins to emerge as one of the forgotten, but not least important, figures in Ruskin’s later personal life.","PeriodicalId":370948,"journal":{"name":"Sources, Literatures, Arts & Landscapes of Europe","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126661209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/025
Kate Genever, Steve Pool
{"title":"Never-Land: Europe in 200-Years-Day-Dreaming Togetherness","authors":"Kate Genever, Steve Pool","doi":"10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370948,"journal":{"name":"Sources, Literatures, Arts & Landscapes of Europe","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117195885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/019
M. Zaman
The Ruskinian attitude towards the non-European, and in particular, the Islamic ‘other’, may at first seem definitive. This position being made evident from Ruskin’s descriptions of the lugubrious nature of Islam’s sacred scripture, its peoples, arts and Weltanschauung. This paper argues, contrary to this bien pensant view, that Ruskin’s oeuvre intimates an ongoing, lasting and unfinished discussion with the Islamic Orient, from the earliest drafts of The Stones of Venice to later discourses on morality, history and religion. Whilst the sympathies for the refinement and delicacy of Islamic art and its influences upon the Venetian Gothic are well documented in the literature, Ruskin’s engagement with Islam (both positive and negative) has yet to be fully explored. This paper endeavours to warp and weft the strands of these ideas into a sustained discussion of Ruskin’s ideals in his oeuvre.
{"title":"Ruskin’s Islamic Orient and the Formation of a European Ideal","authors":"M. Zaman","doi":"10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-487-5/019","url":null,"abstract":"The Ruskinian attitude towards the non-European, and in particular, the Islamic ‘other’, may at first seem definitive. This position being made evident from Ruskin’s descriptions of the lugubrious nature of Islam’s sacred scripture, its peoples, arts and Weltanschauung. This paper argues, contrary to this bien pensant view, that Ruskin’s oeuvre intimates an ongoing, lasting and unfinished discussion with the Islamic Orient, from the earliest drafts of The Stones of Venice to later discourses on morality, history and religion. Whilst the sympathies for the refinement and delicacy of Islamic art and its influences upon the Venetian Gothic are well documented in the literature, Ruskin’s engagement with Islam (both positive and negative) has yet to be fully explored. This paper endeavours to warp and weft the strands of these ideas into a sustained discussion of Ruskin’s ideals in his oeuvre.","PeriodicalId":370948,"journal":{"name":"Sources, Literatures, Arts & Landscapes of Europe","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122363736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：