Pub Date : 2005-04-30DOI: 10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469095
Brent N. Chun, P. Buonadonna, Alvin AuYoung, Chaki Ng, D. Parkes, Jeffrey Shneidman, A. Snoeren, Amin Vahdat
In this paper, we argue that a microeconomic resource allocation scheme, specifically the combinatorial auction, is well suited to testbed resource management. To demonstrate this, we present the Mirage resource allocation system. In Mirage, testbed resources are allocated using a repeated combinatorial auction within a closed virtual currency environment. Users compete for testbed resources by submitting bids which specify resource combinations of interest in space/time (e.g., "any 32 MICA2 motes for 8 hours anytime in the next three days") along with a maximum value amount the user is willing to pay. A combinatorial auction is then periodically run to determine the winning bids based on supply and demand while maximizing aggregate utility delivered to users. We have implemented a fully functional and secure prototype of Mirage and have been operating it in daily use for approximately four months on Intel Research Berkeley's 148-mote sensornet testbed.
{"title":"Mirage: a microeconomic resource allocation system for sensornet testbeds","authors":"Brent N. Chun, P. Buonadonna, Alvin AuYoung, Chaki Ng, D. Parkes, Jeffrey Shneidman, A. Snoeren, Amin Vahdat","doi":"10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469095","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we argue that a microeconomic resource allocation scheme, specifically the combinatorial auction, is well suited to testbed resource management. To demonstrate this, we present the Mirage resource allocation system. In Mirage, testbed resources are allocated using a repeated combinatorial auction within a closed virtual currency environment. Users compete for testbed resources by submitting bids which specify resource combinations of interest in space/time (e.g., \"any 32 MICA2 motes for 8 hours anytime in the next three days\") along with a maximum value amount the user is willing to pay. A combinatorial auction is then periodically run to determine the winning bids based on supply and demand while maximizing aggregate utility delivered to users. We have implemented a fully functional and secure prototype of Mirage and have been operating it in daily use for approximately four months on Intel Research Berkeley's 148-mote sensornet testbed.","PeriodicalId":371563,"journal":{"name":"The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II.","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116164621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-30DOI: 10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469098
K. Whitehouse, A. Woo, Fred Jiang
In this paper we evaluate a technique to detect and recover messages from packet collisions by exploiting the capture effect. It can differentiate between collisions and packet loss and can identify the nodes involved in the collisions. This information is provided at virtually no extra cost and can produce significant improvements in existing collision mediation schemes. We characterize this technique using controlled collision experiments and evaluate it in real world flooding experiments on a 36-node sensor network.
{"title":"Exploiting the capture effect for collision detection and recovery","authors":"K. Whitehouse, A. Woo, Fred Jiang","doi":"10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469098","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we evaluate a technique to detect and recover messages from packet collisions by exploiting the capture effect. It can differentiate between collisions and packet loss and can identify the nodes involved in the collisions. This information is provided at virtually no extra cost and can produce significant improvements in existing collision mediation schemes. We characterize this technique using controlled collision experiments and evaluate it in real world flooding experiments on a 36-node sensor network.","PeriodicalId":371563,"journal":{"name":"The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129271136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-30DOI: 10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469100
R. Cardell-Oliver
The goal of sensor networks that monitor the environment is to detect and report the temporal and spatial dynamics of that environment and to run unattended for several months. Meeting all three of these requirements in real applications has proved to be a challenging task. The paper presents a novel protocol for data gathering that adapts opportunistically to changes in its environment. Each node compresses its gathered data locally, transmitting a burst of data when communication conditions are good. We report the design and analysis of the protocol and results of preliminary implementation tests using CSIRO Flecks and TinyOS.
{"title":"ROPE: a reactive, opportunistic protocol for environment monitoring sensor networks","authors":"R. Cardell-Oliver","doi":"10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469100","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of sensor networks that monitor the environment is to detect and report the temporal and spatial dynamics of that environment and to run unattended for several months. Meeting all three of these requirements in real applications has proved to be a challenging task. The paper presents a novel protocol for data gathering that adapts opportunistically to changes in its environment. Each node compresses its gathered data locally, transmitting a burst of data when communication conditions are good. We report the design and analysis of the protocol and results of preliminary implementation tests using CSIRO Flecks and TinyOS.","PeriodicalId":371563,"journal":{"name":"The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II.","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123277182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-30DOI: 10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469112
Glenn Platt, Matt Blyde, Sean Curtin, John Ward
CSIRO is investigating the application of mote devices as intelligent agents in a distributed energy control system. This is a significant paradigm shift from the application of motes as sensor networks - it involves the interaction of motes and industrial control systems hardware, and this paper details our early development work in this area.
{"title":"Distributed wireless sensor networks and industrial control systems - a new partnership","authors":"Glenn Platt, Matt Blyde, Sean Curtin, John Ward","doi":"10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469112","url":null,"abstract":"CSIRO is investigating the application of mote devices as intelligent agents in a distributed energy control system. This is a significant paradigm shift from the application of motes as sensor networks - it involves the interaction of motes and industrial control systems hardware, and this paper details our early development work in this area.","PeriodicalId":371563,"journal":{"name":"The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II.","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123996225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-30DOI: 10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469114
D. Palmer, P. Sikka, P. Valencia, Peter Corke
VMSCRIPT is a scripting language designed to allow small programs to be compiled for a range of generated tiny virtual machines, suitable for sensor network devices. The VMSCRIPT compiler is an optimising compiler designed to allow quick re-targeting, based on a template, code rewriting model. A compiler backend can be specified at the same time as a virtual machine, with the compiler reading the specification and using it as a code generator.
{"title":"An optimising compiler for generated tiny virtual machines","authors":"D. Palmer, P. Sikka, P. Valencia, Peter Corke","doi":"10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469114","url":null,"abstract":"VMSCRIPT is a scripting language designed to allow small programs to be compiled for a range of generated tiny virtual machines, suitable for sensor network devices. The VMSCRIPT compiler is an optimising compiler designed to allow quick re-targeting, based on a template, code rewriting model. A compiler backend can be specified at the same time as a virtual machine, with the compiler reading the specification and using it as a code generator.","PeriodicalId":371563,"journal":{"name":"The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II.","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121843688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-30DOI: 10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469097
O. Landsiedel, Klaus Wehrle, S. Gotz
Energy consumption is a crucial characteristic of sensor networks and their applications as sensor nodes are commonly battery-driven. Although recent research focuses strongly on energy-aware applications and operating systems, energy consumption is still a limiting factor. Once sensor nodes are deployed, it is challenging and sometimes even impossible to change batteries. As a result, erroneous lifetime prediction causes high costs and may render a sensor network, useless before its purpose is fulfilled. In this paper, we present AEON (accurate prediction of power consumption), a novel evaluation tool to quantitatively predict energy consumption of sensor nodes and whole sensor networks. Our energy model, based on measurements of node current draw and the execution of real code, enables accurate prediction of the actual energy consumption of sensor nodes. Consequently, it prevents erroneous assumptions on node and network lifetime. Moreover, our detailed energy model allows us to compare different low power and energy aware approaches in terms of energy efficiency. Thus, it enables a highly precise estimation of the overall lifetime of a sensor network.
{"title":"Accurate prediction of power consumption in sensor networks","authors":"O. Landsiedel, Klaus Wehrle, S. Gotz","doi":"10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469097","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumption is a crucial characteristic of sensor networks and their applications as sensor nodes are commonly battery-driven. Although recent research focuses strongly on energy-aware applications and operating systems, energy consumption is still a limiting factor. Once sensor nodes are deployed, it is challenging and sometimes even impossible to change batteries. As a result, erroneous lifetime prediction causes high costs and may render a sensor network, useless before its purpose is fulfilled. In this paper, we present AEON (accurate prediction of power consumption), a novel evaluation tool to quantitatively predict energy consumption of sensor nodes and whole sensor networks. Our energy model, based on measurements of node current draw and the execution of real code, enables accurate prediction of the actual energy consumption of sensor nodes. Consequently, it prevents erroneous assumptions on node and network lifetime. Moreover, our detailed energy model allows us to compare different low power and energy aware approaches in terms of energy efficiency. Thus, it enables a highly precise estimation of the overall lifetime of a sensor network.","PeriodicalId":371563,"journal":{"name":"The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II.","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124537096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-30DOI: 10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469104
A. Barroso, U. Roedig, C. Sreenan
This paper presents an analysis framework of routing protocols that can be applied to produce sensor fields that are much less expensive to maintain. The framework is based on a maintenance model that is simple, yet flexible enough to capture real world deployment scenarios of sensor networks. As an illustration, the framework is used to assess the impact of different forwarding techniques for a known geographical routing protocol on the overall maintenance costs of different sensor fields. The results obtained indicate that a one-size-fits-all approach for the design of maintenance efficient routing protocols does not hold in large deployments of wireless sensor networks. However, savings of up to 50% in maintenance cost were observed through simple modifications of the forwarding strategy.
{"title":"Maintenance efficient routing in wireless sensor networks","authors":"A. Barroso, U. Roedig, C. Sreenan","doi":"10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469104","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis framework of routing protocols that can be applied to produce sensor fields that are much less expensive to maintain. The framework is based on a maintenance model that is simple, yet flexible enough to capture real world deployment scenarios of sensor networks. As an illustration, the framework is used to assess the impact of different forwarding techniques for a known geographical routing protocol on the overall maintenance costs of different sensor fields. The results obtained indicate that a one-size-fits-all approach for the design of maintenance efficient routing protocols does not hold in large deployments of wireless sensor networks. However, savings of up to 50% in maintenance cost were observed through simple modifications of the forwarding strategy.","PeriodicalId":371563,"journal":{"name":"The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131850436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-30DOI: 10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469110
I. Vasilescu, K. Kotay, D. Rus, L. Overs, P. Sikka, M. Dunbabin, P. Chen, Peter Corke
While sensor networks have now become very popular on land, the underwater environment still poses some difficult problems. Communication is one of the difficult challenges under water. There are two options: optical and acoustic. We have designed an optical communication board that allows the Flecks to communicate optically. We have tested the resulting underwater sensor nodes in two different applications.
{"title":"Krill: an exploration in underwater sensor networks","authors":"I. Vasilescu, K. Kotay, D. Rus, L. Overs, P. Sikka, M. Dunbabin, P. Chen, Peter Corke","doi":"10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469110","url":null,"abstract":"While sensor networks have now become very popular on land, the underwater environment still poses some difficult problems. Communication is one of the difficult challenges under water. There are two options: optical and acoustic. We have designed an optical communication board that allows the Flecks to communicate optically. We have tested the resulting underwater sensor nodes in two different applications.","PeriodicalId":371563,"journal":{"name":"The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II.","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126042271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-30DOI: 10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469094
Martin Turon
This paper presents a scalable software framework for managing, monitoring, and visualizing sensor network deployments called MOTE-VIEW. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of typical problems encountered when deploying and administering wireless sensor networks. Then we address these issues by outlining a monitoring tool architecture using an extensible set of user interface components specifically targeted towards improving manageability and easing deployment of wireless sensor networks. We describe specific visualization modules for intuitively characterizing data represented in instantaneous, time span, and spatial form. Next, we analyze and optimize the database requirements of the proposed visualization modules for performance. Finally, we describe a mechanism for analyzing the health of the individual nodes and the network as a whole.
{"title":"MOTE-VIEW: a sensor network monitoring and management tool","authors":"Martin Turon","doi":"10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469094","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a scalable software framework for managing, monitoring, and visualizing sensor network deployments called MOTE-VIEW. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of typical problems encountered when deploying and administering wireless sensor networks. Then we address these issues by outlining a monitoring tool architecture using an extensible set of user interface components specifically targeted towards improving manageability and easing deployment of wireless sensor networks. We describe specific visualization modules for intuitively characterizing data represented in instantaneous, time span, and spatial form. Next, we analyze and optimize the database requirements of the proposed visualization modules for performance. Finally, we describe a mechanism for analyzing the health of the individual nodes and the network as a whole.","PeriodicalId":371563,"journal":{"name":"The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II.","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121111644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-30DOI: 10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469108
J. Rao, S. Biswas
This paper presents a mechanism for extending network life by introducing energy-aware mobility in wireless sensor networks. The concept of mobility for energy saving has been motivated by a natural grouping behavior that is observed in Emperor penguin communities in the Antarctic region. In this paper, we first draw a parallel between the heat loss of a penguin at the group periphery, and the routing energy burden of a sensor node near base stations. Then we develop a distributed mobility algorithm that works based on local energy information and makes sure that the energy load across sensor nodes in a network are evenly distributed for collective extension of the network life. We evaluate the protocol, and compare it with the performance upper bound derived from a centralized version of the algorithm. The results demonstrate that using the distributed algorithm for controlled node mobility it is possible to significantly extend the network life. It is also shown that this holds in situations where the energy cost of physical node mobility is modeled up to four orders of magnitude larger than the energy cost for packet communication.
{"title":"Biologically inspired mobility models for energy conservation in sensor networks","authors":"J. Rao, S. Biswas","doi":"10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EMNETS.2005.1469108","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a mechanism for extending network life by introducing energy-aware mobility in wireless sensor networks. The concept of mobility for energy saving has been motivated by a natural grouping behavior that is observed in Emperor penguin communities in the Antarctic region. In this paper, we first draw a parallel between the heat loss of a penguin at the group periphery, and the routing energy burden of a sensor node near base stations. Then we develop a distributed mobility algorithm that works based on local energy information and makes sure that the energy load across sensor nodes in a network are evenly distributed for collective extension of the network life. We evaluate the protocol, and compare it with the performance upper bound derived from a centralized version of the algorithm. The results demonstrate that using the distributed algorithm for controlled node mobility it is possible to significantly extend the network life. It is also shown that this holds in situations where the energy cost of physical node mobility is modeled up to four orders of magnitude larger than the energy cost for packet communication.","PeriodicalId":371563,"journal":{"name":"The Second IEEE Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors, 2005. EmNetS-II.","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123997290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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