Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.31920/2050-4306/2020/v9n3a5
Olumide Adetokunbo Fafore
{"title":"The African Union's Collective Security Mechanisms and the Challenge of Armed Non-State Actors","authors":"Olumide Adetokunbo Fafore","doi":"10.31920/2050-4306/2020/v9n3a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2020/v9n3a5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Union Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42941509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a0
J. Adibe
The African Union, which succeeded the Organisation of African Unity on July 9 2002, is often criticised for being largely a talk shop that has not markedly succeeded in either forging African unity or creating a sustainable roadmap for its political and economic development aspirations (Davis, 2019; Okhonmina, 2009) . In fact when in 1999, the Heads of State and Government of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) issued the Sirte Declaration calling for the establishment of the African Union, some critics saw it as more of a "bleaching complex" in which African Heads of States felt they would be more accepted by world leaders if their continental organisations sounded like the European Union and modelled after it (Trivedi, 2003) - but obviously without bothering whether a mere change in name would automatically imbue the new organisation with the sort of organic arrangements that helped to bind the members of the European Union together. Assessments such as the above however appear to be either too hasty or a reflection of the afro-pessimism that sometimes leads to self-doubt, self hate and even a failure to recognize the modest gains being achieved.
{"title":"Editorial commentary : African Union and the quest for a new Africa","authors":"J. Adibe","doi":"10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a0","url":null,"abstract":"The African Union, which succeeded the Organisation of African Unity on July 9 2002, is often criticised for being largely a talk shop that has not markedly succeeded in either forging African unity or creating a sustainable roadmap for its political and economic development aspirations (Davis, 2019; Okhonmina, 2009) . In fact when in 1999, the Heads of State and Government of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) issued the Sirte Declaration calling for the establishment of the African Union, some critics saw it as more of a \"bleaching complex\" in which African Heads of States felt they would be more accepted by world leaders if their continental organisations sounded like the European Union and modelled after it (Trivedi, 2003) - but obviously without bothering whether a mere change in name would automatically imbue the new organisation with the sort of organic arrangements that helped to bind the members of the European Union together. Assessments such as the above however appear to be either too hasty or a reflection of the afro-pessimism that sometimes leads to self-doubt, self hate and even a failure to recognize the modest gains being achieved.","PeriodicalId":37163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Union Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42238943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a2
Nardos Hawaz Yeheys, Xi Chen
The riparian countries, especially Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, have had intricated relations since the building of the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). There have been many mediations but none of Egypt's "historical", Sudan's "development" and Ethiopia's "natural" rights have ever been settled satisfactorily. Egypt and Sudan continue to state their dissatisfaction with the status quo as they rejected Ethiopia's proposal. The mediator also departed, peripheral actors apart from the Nile basin and the African Union. The US efforts to mediate in all three countries have also failed. Thus, from the Nile riparian states to external mediation, the Renaissance dam negotiations were not
{"title":"From Nile Basin Initiatives (NBI) to External mediator: Challenges of the Ethiopia's Renaissance Dam Negotiations","authors":"Nardos Hawaz Yeheys, Xi Chen","doi":"10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a2","url":null,"abstract":"The riparian countries, especially Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, have had intricated relations since the building of the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). There have been many mediations but none of Egypt's \"historical\", Sudan's \"development\" and Ethiopia's \"natural\" rights have ever been settled satisfactorily. Egypt and Sudan continue to state their dissatisfaction with the status quo as they rejected Ethiopia's proposal. The mediator also departed, peripheral actors apart from the Nile basin and the African Union. The US efforts to mediate in all three countries have also failed. Thus, from the Nile riparian states to external mediation, the Renaissance dam negotiations were not","PeriodicalId":37163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Union Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41489093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a1
Ikemefuna Taire Paul Okudolo, I. Mekoa
This paper evaluates Nigeria's Service Compact with All Nigerians (SERVICOM) policy as a derived policy of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) project to generalize the advancement of Africa's public sectors' functionality in the 21st century. The cardinal policy thrust of NEPAD, of which SERVICOM is consequentially from, is partly to ensure that the continent's public services are poised to deliver accelerated social, economic and political development, as well as ensure the facilitation of good governance. Anchored on Max Weber's bureaucratic theory, the paper notes the lack of political will to commit to purposeful public sector reforms, which undermine the realization of the SERVICOM-cum-NEPAD initiative for public sector effectiveness and efficiency. It also notes that Nigeria‘s public sectors in the 21st century have tended towards underperformance due in part to the abandonment of the tenets of Weber‘s bureaucratic theory in their operations. The paper concludes that greater politics-administration cooperation than dichotomy will improve adherence to the precepts of Weber‘s bureaucratic theory as well as the modernization of public servants through investments in training and re-training. It also concludes that the public should seek to resolutely pursue remedies for infractions by public servants rather than overlook ineffectual operational performances as a way to strengthen attainment of the SERVICOM objectives for accelerated capacity development of public servants.
{"title":"Nepad and the struggle to improve the efficacy of Africa's public sector : a case study of Nigeria's Servicome","authors":"Ikemefuna Taire Paul Okudolo, I. Mekoa","doi":"10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates Nigeria's Service Compact with All Nigerians (SERVICOM) policy as a derived policy of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) project to generalize the advancement of Africa's public sectors' functionality in the 21st century. The cardinal policy thrust of NEPAD, of which SERVICOM is consequentially from, is partly to ensure that the continent's public services are poised to deliver accelerated social, economic and political development, as well as ensure the facilitation of good governance. Anchored on Max Weber's bureaucratic theory, the paper notes the lack of political will to commit to purposeful public sector reforms, which undermine the realization of the SERVICOM-cum-NEPAD initiative for public sector effectiveness and efficiency. It also notes that Nigeria‘s public sectors in the 21st century have tended towards underperformance due in part to the abandonment of the tenets of Weber‘s bureaucratic theory in their operations. The paper concludes that greater politics-administration cooperation than dichotomy will improve adherence to the precepts of Weber‘s bureaucratic theory as well as the modernization of public servants through investments in training and re-training. It also concludes that the public should seek to resolutely pursue remedies for infractions by public servants rather than overlook ineffectual operational performances as a way to strengthen attainment of the SERVICOM objectives for accelerated capacity development of public servants.","PeriodicalId":37163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Union Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47361195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a5
O. Fafore
The African Union has since its establishment in 2001 adopted the principle of collective security in response to the several security challenges on the continent, including terrorism, increasing insecurity, proliferation of arms, political instability among others. Apart from the stipulations of the constitutive Act of the African Union which represents a departure from the nonintervention principles of the Organisation of African Union, the African Union is also collaborating with the United Nations on peacekeeping operations in Africa. This paper, using literary discourses on peace and security in Africa as a point of analysis, argues that the major challenge to the African Union's collective security mechanisms is the activities of armed non-state actors. This paper also reviews the impact of armed non-state actors on peace and security in Africa.The objective of this paper is to examine the African Union's collective security mechanisms and identify lessons for combating the challenges of armed non-state actors in Africa.
{"title":"The African Union's Collective Security Mechanisms and the Challenge of Armed Non-State Actors","authors":"O. Fafore","doi":"10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a5","url":null,"abstract":"The African Union has since its establishment in 2001 adopted the principle of collective security in response to the several security challenges on the continent, including terrorism, increasing insecurity, proliferation of arms, political instability among others. Apart from the stipulations of the constitutive Act of the African Union which represents a departure from the nonintervention principles of the Organisation of African Union, the African Union is also collaborating with the United Nations on peacekeeping operations in Africa. This paper, using literary discourses on peace and security in Africa as a point of analysis, argues that the major challenge to the African Union's collective security mechanisms is the activities of armed non-state actors. This paper also reviews the impact of armed non-state actors on peace and security in Africa.The objective of this paper is to examine the African Union's collective security mechanisms and identify lessons for combating the challenges of armed non-state actors in Africa.","PeriodicalId":37163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Union Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49406004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a4
B. D. Gardachew
This study explores the major constraints the African Union faces in its peace support operations in Sudan (Darfur) and Somalia. Identifying and understanding these hindrances provide lessons for the regional and international stakeholders that are planning to undertake future peace operations on the continent. The study closely examines why the African Mission in Sudan (AMIS) and the African Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) were constrained in their attempts to find durable peace in Darfur and Somalia, respectively. The selection of these cases was motivated by different factors. In the first place, both countries have had to deal with protracted internal conflict. In addition, both countries are glaring examples of AU's comprehensive peace support operations. The data that inform the study were collected from a synthesis of the rich body of literature and personal interviews with purposively selected officials and experts on the issue under investigation. The study contends that given the limited financing from AU member states, weak military capacity, and division among member states over intervention, achieving the ambitious objective of African solutions to African problems will remains impossible for the foreseeable future.
{"title":"Obstacles to the African Solutions Approach: Can the African Union Realize a Peaceful and Secure Africa?","authors":"B. D. Gardachew","doi":"10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a4","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the major constraints the African Union faces in its peace support operations in Sudan (Darfur) and Somalia. Identifying and understanding these hindrances provide lessons for the regional and international stakeholders that are planning to undertake future peace operations on the continent. The study closely examines why the African Mission in Sudan (AMIS) and the African Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) were constrained in their attempts to find durable peace in Darfur and Somalia, respectively. The selection of these cases was motivated by different factors. In the first place, both countries have had to deal with protracted internal conflict. In addition, both countries are glaring examples of AU's comprehensive peace support operations. The data that inform the study were collected from a synthesis of the rich body of literature and personal interviews with purposively selected officials and experts on the issue under investigation. The study contends that given the limited financing from AU member states, weak military capacity, and division among member states over intervention, achieving the ambitious objective of African solutions to African problems will remains impossible for the foreseeable future.","PeriodicalId":37163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Union Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46079989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.31920/2050-4306/2020/v9n3a3
Makhura Benjamin Rapanyane, Florence Ramasela Sethole, Happy Mathew Tirivangasi
{"title":"The United Nations, International Criminal Court and African Union's Delayed Response to the Prolonged Dictatorship in Sudan","authors":"Makhura Benjamin Rapanyane, Florence Ramasela Sethole, Happy Mathew Tirivangasi","doi":"10.31920/2050-4306/2020/v9n3a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2020/v9n3a3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Union Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42663177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.31920/2050-4306/2020/v9n3a4
Bewuketu Dires Gardachew
{"title":"Obstacles to the African Solutions Approach: Can the African Union Realize a Peaceful and Secure Africa?","authors":"Bewuketu Dires Gardachew","doi":"10.31920/2050-4306/2020/v9n3a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2020/v9n3a4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Union Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47874164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-24DOI: 10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a3
M. Rapanyane, F. R. Sethole, H. M. Tirivangasi
This article explores the delayed responses of international and continental bodies in safeguarding the human rights of the people of Sudan. The central question grappled with in this article is: how effective were the international and continental peacekeeping, security, and human rights bodies in dealing with Sudanese cases of genocide, war crimes, crime against humanity and ethnic cleansing? The existing body of knowledge on this subject lacks a clear explanation of why Omar Al Bashir remained in power for such a long period of time in Sudan without any international or continental effective responses when he violated fundamental human rights. As such, this article aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by filling the knowledge gap identified. We argue that the international and continental peacekeeping, security, and human rights bodies delayed dismally in engaging the monocratic al-Bashir until the Sudanese army overthrew him. This article relied heavily on the qualitative research approach in the form of document and thematic content analysis to analyse the key themes and answer the central question.
{"title":"The United Nations, International Criminal Court and African Union's Delayed Response to the Prolonged Dictatorship in Sudan","authors":"M. Rapanyane, F. R. Sethole, H. M. Tirivangasi","doi":"10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n3a3","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the delayed responses of international and continental bodies in safeguarding the human rights of the people of Sudan. The central question grappled with in this article is: how effective were the international and continental peacekeeping, security, and human rights bodies in dealing with Sudanese cases of genocide, war crimes, crime against humanity and ethnic cleansing? The existing body of knowledge on this subject lacks a clear explanation of why Omar Al Bashir remained in power for such a long period of time in Sudan without any international or continental effective responses when he violated fundamental human rights. As such, this article aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by filling the knowledge gap identified. We argue that the international and continental peacekeeping, security, and human rights bodies delayed dismally in engaging the monocratic al-Bashir until the Sudanese army overthrew him. This article relied heavily on the qualitative research approach in the form of document and thematic content analysis to analyse the key themes and answer the central question.","PeriodicalId":37163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Union Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45255053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n2a6
Ephrem Habtemichael Redda
{"title":"Monetary union in SADC, evidence from panel-ARDL co-integration of public debt and budget deficit : lessons for the African Union","authors":"Ephrem Habtemichael Redda","doi":"10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n2a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/2050-4306/2020/9n2a6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Union Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46379307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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