Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426664
A. Dadras, A. Naghshineh, Deyhim Atarod, Atiye Liaghi, G. Riazi, A. Afrasiabi
Recently, the hypothesis in which memory and information would be stored as magnetic forms in astrocytes is expanding and neuromagnetic interactions between neurons and neighboring astrocytes in neocortex have potential to be the basis of memory formation. It was proposed that any kinds of information could be maintained as the form of neuronal activity-associated magnetic fields (NAAMFs) and thereby alterations of magnetic fields in the brain should be effective on the memory. On the other hand, microtubules (MTs), the most essential elements of cytoskeleton, are crucial in regulation of spine development and morphology, brain cognitive behavior, consciousness and information storage. Because of MT dynamic nature, it can produce local magnetic field in neurons through vibration. According to size, number, structure and function of microtubule proteins, they are the most eligible components of neurons to be affected by endogenous and exogenous magnetic fields. Therefore, in the present study we tried to investigate the possible effects of exogenous static magnetic fields (SMFs) on memory through examining the structural and functional changes in MT dynamic activity and neural cell morphology. MT activity results revealed that MT polymerization process was not attained to steady state at the right time in the presence of SMF at 300 MT and the ascending slope at the steady state phase was abnormally observed. In addition, MT structure was relatively changed. On the influence of SMF, PC12 neuron-like cells spines decreased significantly and their morphology altered to pyramidal form.
{"title":"Static magnetic fields can diminish neuron spines through microtubule dynamicity disruption","authors":"A. Dadras, A. Naghshineh, Deyhim Atarod, Atiye Liaghi, G. Riazi, A. Afrasiabi","doi":"10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426664","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the hypothesis in which memory and information would be stored as magnetic forms in astrocytes is expanding and neuromagnetic interactions between neurons and neighboring astrocytes in neocortex have potential to be the basis of memory formation. It was proposed that any kinds of information could be maintained as the form of neuronal activity-associated magnetic fields (NAAMFs) and thereby alterations of magnetic fields in the brain should be effective on the memory. On the other hand, microtubules (MTs), the most essential elements of cytoskeleton, are crucial in regulation of spine development and morphology, brain cognitive behavior, consciousness and information storage. Because of MT dynamic nature, it can produce local magnetic field in neurons through vibration. According to size, number, structure and function of microtubule proteins, they are the most eligible components of neurons to be affected by endogenous and exogenous magnetic fields. Therefore, in the present study we tried to investigate the possible effects of exogenous static magnetic fields (SMFs) on memory through examining the structural and functional changes in MT dynamic activity and neural cell morphology. MT activity results revealed that MT polymerization process was not attained to steady state at the right time in the presence of SMF at 300 MT and the ascending slope at the steady state phase was abnormally observed. In addition, MT structure was relatively changed. On the influence of SMF, PC12 neuron-like cells spines decreased significantly and their morphology altered to pyramidal form.","PeriodicalId":371789,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sixth International Conference of Cognitive Science (ICCS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133164751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426668
Fariba Noori, Sahar Shamsi Zadeh, M. Kazemifard
Today, many works are done via internet such as viewing movies, reading magazine and newspapers, education, banking, administration and so on. In accordance with the influence of internet in human's routine life, designing user interfaces is of great importance. Traditional designing of Web user interfaces was designer-oriented. In other words, only designers' ideas were considered. If users' ideas in designing of Web user interfaces are considered, users' satisfaction will increase and they return to that Web site again and again. One solution is Kansei engineering which is a simple method for converting the emotion and heart of user to production parameters which was coined by Mitsuo Nagamachi in 1970. This method can evaluate different emotions and show the relationship of them with real productions. User interfaces is a platform for interaction between users and machines. They provide an environment for management, modification and processing of information of users. Kansei engineering is a combination of Cognitive Psychology and computer science. User interfaces are not a simple combination of graphics. Designing user interface is influenced by end users with regard to context, visual effects, experience of desirables and satisfaction. In this paper, some web portals are evaluated via Kansei engineering. The needs and emotions of users are considered in designing. Thus, the effectiveness of Kansei engineering in designing of user interfaces and users' satisfaction is not deniable, and it is very important in all context.
{"title":"Designing a University web site by considering users' emotion and using Kansei engineering","authors":"Fariba Noori, Sahar Shamsi Zadeh, M. Kazemifard","doi":"10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426668","url":null,"abstract":"Today, many works are done via internet such as viewing movies, reading magazine and newspapers, education, banking, administration and so on. In accordance with the influence of internet in human's routine life, designing user interfaces is of great importance. Traditional designing of Web user interfaces was designer-oriented. In other words, only designers' ideas were considered. If users' ideas in designing of Web user interfaces are considered, users' satisfaction will increase and they return to that Web site again and again. One solution is Kansei engineering which is a simple method for converting the emotion and heart of user to production parameters which was coined by Mitsuo Nagamachi in 1970. This method can evaluate different emotions and show the relationship of them with real productions. User interfaces is a platform for interaction between users and machines. They provide an environment for management, modification and processing of information of users. Kansei engineering is a combination of Cognitive Psychology and computer science. User interfaces are not a simple combination of graphics. Designing user interface is influenced by end users with regard to context, visual effects, experience of desirables and satisfaction. In this paper, some web portals are evaluated via Kansei engineering. The needs and emotions of users are considered in designing. Thus, the effectiveness of Kansei engineering in designing of user interfaces and users' satisfaction is not deniable, and it is very important in all context.","PeriodicalId":371789,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sixth International Conference of Cognitive Science (ICCS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131092378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426663
Saeedeh Azaraeen, Sepideh Memarian
Cognition is one of the interesting areas of research in addiction field. There are many studies that attempt to explore the relationship between cognitive abilities and addiction. The relationship between cognitive failures and clinical and social outcomes in patients and addicts has been mentioned in many studies. It seems that cognitive impairment is one of the strong predictor of social dysfunction in addicted people. Cognitive failures are defined as inabilities to successfully perform tasks that one might typically be able to do on a daily basis. Some examples include forgetting appointments, leaving mail unanswered for days, failure to notice street signs, and having to reread passages of text. Such failures in everyday activities are due to underlying problems in general cognitive functions related to distractibility and memory. In general, cognitive failures include failures in perception, memory, and motor functioning, in which the action does not match the intention. Thus, cognitive failures include numerous types of execution lapses: lapses in attention (i.e., failure in perception), memory (i.e., failures related to information retrieval), and motor function (i.e., the performance of unintended actions, or action slips). While cognitive failures occur frequently and many do not produce any serious consequences, some - under specific circumstances - will result in unpleasant consequences, for example, accident. The goal of this study was to compare the cognitive component failure in addicted and non-addicted people. This study was causal-comparative. 45 addicted people (70%male), who have at least five years addiction history, selected from different counseling centers in Kerman, and were matched in terms of age, sex, and education level with 45 non-addicted people. After obtaining participants' consent, the cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) was completed by all two groups. MANOVA was used for the data analysis. The results showed that cognitive failures components, including distraction, failure of memory, oversight and forgetfulness of addicted people are significantly higher than non-addicted people. This study was conducted to compare cognitive failures in addicted and non-addicted people. The components of the cognitive failures in addicts and normal individuals were significantly different, which is probably a result of drug abuse. Not only these cognitive failures might be effective in drug abuse, but it seems they prevent from leaving addiction. Thus, correcting these failures may be helpful in treatment and prevention of recurrent addiction. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of this correcting on addiction.
{"title":"Comparison of cognitive failures in addicts and non addicts","authors":"Saeedeh Azaraeen, Sepideh Memarian","doi":"10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426663","url":null,"abstract":"Cognition is one of the interesting areas of research in addiction field. There are many studies that attempt to explore the relationship between cognitive abilities and addiction. The relationship between cognitive failures and clinical and social outcomes in patients and addicts has been mentioned in many studies. It seems that cognitive impairment is one of the strong predictor of social dysfunction in addicted people. Cognitive failures are defined as inabilities to successfully perform tasks that one might typically be able to do on a daily basis. Some examples include forgetting appointments, leaving mail unanswered for days, failure to notice street signs, and having to reread passages of text. Such failures in everyday activities are due to underlying problems in general cognitive functions related to distractibility and memory. In general, cognitive failures include failures in perception, memory, and motor functioning, in which the action does not match the intention. Thus, cognitive failures include numerous types of execution lapses: lapses in attention (i.e., failure in perception), memory (i.e., failures related to information retrieval), and motor function (i.e., the performance of unintended actions, or action slips). While cognitive failures occur frequently and many do not produce any serious consequences, some - under specific circumstances - will result in unpleasant consequences, for example, accident. The goal of this study was to compare the cognitive component failure in addicted and non-addicted people. This study was causal-comparative. 45 addicted people (70%male), who have at least five years addiction history, selected from different counseling centers in Kerman, and were matched in terms of age, sex, and education level with 45 non-addicted people. After obtaining participants' consent, the cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) was completed by all two groups. MANOVA was used for the data analysis. The results showed that cognitive failures components, including distraction, failure of memory, oversight and forgetfulness of addicted people are significantly higher than non-addicted people. This study was conducted to compare cognitive failures in addicted and non-addicted people. The components of the cognitive failures in addicts and normal individuals were significantly different, which is probably a result of drug abuse. Not only these cognitive failures might be effective in drug abuse, but it seems they prevent from leaving addiction. Thus, correcting these failures may be helpful in treatment and prevention of recurrent addiction. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of this correcting on addiction.","PeriodicalId":371789,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sixth International Conference of Cognitive Science (ICCS)","volume":"35 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134396515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426665
Fariba Noori, M. Kazemifard
With the advent of agile software processing methods and needs to write the programs and software with the best quality in the shortest possible time, unorthodox practices in computer programming are becoming more and more common. One of these practices is pair programming characterized by two programmers sharing the same computer for collaborative programming purposes. Pair programming implies a psychological and social interaction between the participating programmers. The goal of this paper is an evaluation of the pair programming to determine the influence of programmers' personality and problem difficulty on efficiency of pairs. An agent-based system is used to simulate a pair and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is used to measure personality of each member of the pairs. This paper presents, suggests, and evaluates the role of personality in formation and the utility of a pair.
随着敏捷软件处理方法的出现，以及在尽可能短的时间内写出质量最好的程序和软件的需求，计算机编程中的非正统做法变得越来越普遍。其中一种实践是结对编程，其特征是两个程序员共享同一台计算机以进行协作编程。结对编程意味着参与的程序员之间的心理和社会互动。本文的目的是对结对编程进行评价，以确定程序员的个性和问题难度对结对效率的影响。采用基于agent的系统模拟配对，并采用MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)来衡量配对中每个成员的个性。本文提出、建议并评价了个性在信息和配对效用中的作用。
{"title":"Simulation of pair programming using multi-agent and MBTI personality model","authors":"Fariba Noori, M. Kazemifard","doi":"10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426665","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of agile software processing methods and needs to write the programs and software with the best quality in the shortest possible time, unorthodox practices in computer programming are becoming more and more common. One of these practices is pair programming characterized by two programmers sharing the same computer for collaborative programming purposes. Pair programming implies a psychological and social interaction between the participating programmers. The goal of this paper is an evaluation of the pair programming to determine the influence of programmers' personality and problem difficulty on efficiency of pairs. An agent-based system is used to simulate a pair and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is used to measure personality of each member of the pairs. This paper presents, suggests, and evaluates the role of personality in formation and the utility of a pair.","PeriodicalId":371789,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sixth International Conference of Cognitive Science (ICCS)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128016923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426669
P. Nejat, F. Bagherian, O. Shokri, J. Hatami
Rooted in the intuitionist approach to moral judgment, Moral Foundations Theory provides a reasonable coverage of moral concerns. It assumes a pluralistic first draft to the moral mind which develops under the influence of the environment and leads to cross-cultural differences in judgment of right and wrong. This study examines the mental representations of Iranians regarding morality using MFT as the framework. Participants were 172 Iranian adults. Their views on ideal society, and immoral and moral behaviors were obtained using open-ended questions which provided three different contexts to evoke morality-related conceptions. Responses were divided up into chunks and each chunk was categorized as belonging to moral foundations. A repeated measures analysis of variance was carried out with frequency of reference to foundations as the dependent variable being predicted by two within-subjects factors of question and moral foundation. Fairness, care, and sanctity were found to be the most salient moral foundations, whereas liberty and loyalty ranked last. Moreover, the interaction of question and foundation was significant. The pattern of Iranians' endorsement of foundations seems to be a blend of Western and Eastern moral profiles. The results also suggest that the pattern of reference to foundations was sensitive to semantic context. Notably, liberty, which is the recent addition to the list of moral foundations, was more easily evoked in the context of views on ideal society than within the context of questions on moral and immoral behaviors.
{"title":"Mental representation of morality: The endorsement pattern of moral foundations among Iranians","authors":"P. Nejat, F. Bagherian, O. Shokri, J. Hatami","doi":"10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426669","url":null,"abstract":"Rooted in the intuitionist approach to moral judgment, Moral Foundations Theory provides a reasonable coverage of moral concerns. It assumes a pluralistic first draft to the moral mind which develops under the influence of the environment and leads to cross-cultural differences in judgment of right and wrong. This study examines the mental representations of Iranians regarding morality using MFT as the framework. Participants were 172 Iranian adults. Their views on ideal society, and immoral and moral behaviors were obtained using open-ended questions which provided three different contexts to evoke morality-related conceptions. Responses were divided up into chunks and each chunk was categorized as belonging to moral foundations. A repeated measures analysis of variance was carried out with frequency of reference to foundations as the dependent variable being predicted by two within-subjects factors of question and moral foundation. Fairness, care, and sanctity were found to be the most salient moral foundations, whereas liberty and loyalty ranked last. Moreover, the interaction of question and foundation was significant. The pattern of Iranians' endorsement of foundations seems to be a blend of Western and Eastern moral profiles. The results also suggest that the pattern of reference to foundations was sensitive to semantic context. Notably, liberty, which is the recent addition to the list of moral foundations, was more easily evoked in the context of views on ideal society than within the context of questions on moral and immoral behaviors.","PeriodicalId":371789,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sixth International Conference of Cognitive Science (ICCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130176969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426667
Leila Kashani-Vahid, G. Afrooz, M. Shokoohi-yekta, K. Kharrāzi, B. G. Bonab
Improving problem solving skills of elementary students would facilitate their confrontation with everyday conflict situations in this fast-changing world. Because of the importance of acquiring problem solving skills for young students, a creative interpersonal problem solving training program was developed, and its effectiveness on creativity of the elementary students was evaluated. The design of the study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. Among 5 different classes including 84 students from 3 different all-girl schools in north Tehran, 2 classes with 49 students were randomly assigned as experimental and 2 classes with 35 students were assigned as the control groups. The experiment group participated in the creative interpersonal problem solving program, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (Torrance, 1990) was used to evaluate creative thinking skills of the participants. The obtained data were analyzed using Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance. The findings showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the experimental and the control groups in all subscales of creativity. At the end, applying creative interpersonal problem solving program for improving interpersonal problem solving and creativity in elementary girls was discussed. Discussions as well as suggestions for future research are presented.
在这个瞬息万变的世界中，提高小学生解决问题的能力将有助于他们应对日常冲突。摘要针对青少年学生培养解决问题能力的重要性，本研究设计了一套创造性人际问题解决训练计划，并评估其对小学生创造力的效果。本研究采用半实验设计，分为前测后测组和对照组。选取德黑兰北部3所女子学校5个不同班级的84名学生，随机分为2个班级49名学生作为实验组，2个班级35名学生作为对照组。实验组参加创造性人际问题解决方案，而对照组不接受任何治疗。采用托兰斯创造性思维测验(Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, 1990)评价被试的创造性思维能力。获得的数据使用重复测量方差分析进行分析。结果显示实验组与对照组在创造力各分量表上均有显著差异(p<0.05)。最后，探讨了运用创造性人际问题解决方案提高小学女生人际问题解决能力和创造力。最后提出了对未来研究的讨论和建议。
{"title":"Creative interpersonal problem solving program: Igniting creativity in elementary students","authors":"Leila Kashani-Vahid, G. Afrooz, M. Shokoohi-yekta, K. Kharrāzi, B. G. Bonab","doi":"10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426667","url":null,"abstract":"Improving problem solving skills of elementary students would facilitate their confrontation with everyday conflict situations in this fast-changing world. Because of the importance of acquiring problem solving skills for young students, a creative interpersonal problem solving training program was developed, and its effectiveness on creativity of the elementary students was evaluated. The design of the study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. Among 5 different classes including 84 students from 3 different all-girl schools in north Tehran, 2 classes with 49 students were randomly assigned as experimental and 2 classes with 35 students were assigned as the control groups. The experiment group participated in the creative interpersonal problem solving program, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (Torrance, 1990) was used to evaluate creative thinking skills of the participants. The obtained data were analyzed using Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance. The findings showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the experimental and the control groups in all subscales of creativity. At the end, applying creative interpersonal problem solving program for improving interpersonal problem solving and creativity in elementary girls was discussed. Discussions as well as suggestions for future research are presented.","PeriodicalId":371789,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sixth International Conference of Cognitive Science (ICCS)","volume":"77 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133818421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426662
Sara Amrolahi, A. Moradi, J. Hasani
Memories of stressful or traumatic events constitute one source of unwanted emotional reactions. Patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have strong emotional association with traumatic memories which results in intensity of cognitive vulnerability and symptoms. In overgeneral autobiographical memory reduction, as the severe avoidance and cognitive vulnerability decrease, the emotional cognitive distinction increases by creating an emotional exposure via reducing the connection between the emotional and event nodes. In a semi-pilot plan, 24 subjects (12 males and 12 females) with PTSD, were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The subjects in the former group received memory specificity training, whereas the latter were placed on a waiting list, instead. Afterwards, the scores on CED, AMT, and IES-R were collected from both groups prior to and after the intervention and during the one-month follow-up period. The data were then analyzed using multivariable variance analysis statistical tests with repeated measures. The findings were indicative of effectiveness of MEST in reducing the cognitive vulnerability and increased cognitive-emotional distinctiveness in the experimental group as compared with the control group. In case the higher levels of CED turn out to be an adaptive defense mechanism in terms of negative events that protects the individuals from repeated experience of negative emotions, both memory specificity training and autobiographical memory specification in these patients are capable of improving the cognitive-emotional distinction by reducing the trauma-related cognitive vulnerability.
{"title":"Effectiveness of memory specificity training for cognitive-emotional distinctiveness in patients with PTSD","authors":"Sara Amrolahi, A. Moradi, J. Hasani","doi":"10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426662","url":null,"abstract":"Memories of stressful or traumatic events constitute one source of unwanted emotional reactions. Patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have strong emotional association with traumatic memories which results in intensity of cognitive vulnerability and symptoms. In overgeneral autobiographical memory reduction, as the severe avoidance and cognitive vulnerability decrease, the emotional cognitive distinction increases by creating an emotional exposure via reducing the connection between the emotional and event nodes. In a semi-pilot plan, 24 subjects (12 males and 12 females) with PTSD, were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The subjects in the former group received memory specificity training, whereas the latter were placed on a waiting list, instead. Afterwards, the scores on CED, AMT, and IES-R were collected from both groups prior to and after the intervention and during the one-month follow-up period. The data were then analyzed using multivariable variance analysis statistical tests with repeated measures. The findings were indicative of effectiveness of MEST in reducing the cognitive vulnerability and increased cognitive-emotional distinctiveness in the experimental group as compared with the control group. In case the higher levels of CED turn out to be an adaptive defense mechanism in terms of negative events that protects the individuals from repeated experience of negative emotions, both memory specificity training and autobiographical memory specification in these patients are capable of improving the cognitive-emotional distinction by reducing the trauma-related cognitive vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":371789,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sixth International Conference of Cognitive Science (ICCS)","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122411872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426670
Sepideh Memarian, Saeedeh Azaraein
Anxiety disorders are characterized by facilitating access to threatening information. Individuals with social anxiety usually pay attention to threatening social information during and after social events and they often feel anxious due to remaining memories of their “poor” performance. Information-processing models of emotional disorders suggest that preferential processing of threat-relevant information such as a memory bias for threat-relevant information underlie this disorder. Cognitive models also believe that socially anxious people are characterized by biases in the recall of social events and these biases may play a causal role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety disorders. However, the findings of the previous studies are mixed and further research is needed. The aim of this study was to investigate the implicit and explicit memory bias against negative emotional information processing in students with and without social anxiety disorder. The study includes two groups: students with social anxiety disorder (N= 25, Mean age = 22.21; SD = 2.97) and the control group (N = 25, Mean age = 21.83; SD = 2.25). Socially anxious students were selected based on their results on a clinical interview and Connor's Social Phobia Inventory. The groups were matched in terms of variables including age, sex, and education level. The implicit memory test was a word recognition task and the explicit memory test was an incidental free recall with threatening and neutral words. The social anxious group presented an overall higher priming effect in the implicit memory test and recalled more anxious relevant words than other word types. However, no significant difference was found between students with and without social anxiety disorder in explicit memory. The results indicated the presence of implicit memory bias in students with social anxiety disorder. Biases in implicit memory can be proposed as possible mechanisms to explain why people with social anxiety tend to make negative evaluations of themselves in social situations. In fact, biased processing after the social event may play an important role in facilitating the selective recall of negative information about one's social performance, so that it affects their future performance in social situations. Generally, the results of the present research are in accord with other researches and support the principles governing memory bias and social anxiety disorder according to cognitive theories of social anxiety.
{"title":"Implicit and explicit memory bias to negative emotional information processing in students with and without social anxiety disorder","authors":"Sepideh Memarian, Saeedeh Azaraein","doi":"10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426670","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety disorders are characterized by facilitating access to threatening information. Individuals with social anxiety usually pay attention to threatening social information during and after social events and they often feel anxious due to remaining memories of their “poor” performance. Information-processing models of emotional disorders suggest that preferential processing of threat-relevant information such as a memory bias for threat-relevant information underlie this disorder. Cognitive models also believe that socially anxious people are characterized by biases in the recall of social events and these biases may play a causal role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety disorders. However, the findings of the previous studies are mixed and further research is needed. The aim of this study was to investigate the implicit and explicit memory bias against negative emotional information processing in students with and without social anxiety disorder. The study includes two groups: students with social anxiety disorder (N= 25, Mean age = 22.21; SD = 2.97) and the control group (N = 25, Mean age = 21.83; SD = 2.25). Socially anxious students were selected based on their results on a clinical interview and Connor's Social Phobia Inventory. The groups were matched in terms of variables including age, sex, and education level. The implicit memory test was a word recognition task and the explicit memory test was an incidental free recall with threatening and neutral words. The social anxious group presented an overall higher priming effect in the implicit memory test and recalled more anxious relevant words than other word types. However, no significant difference was found between students with and without social anxiety disorder in explicit memory. The results indicated the presence of implicit memory bias in students with social anxiety disorder. Biases in implicit memory can be proposed as possible mechanisms to explain why people with social anxiety tend to make negative evaluations of themselves in social situations. In fact, biased processing after the social event may play an important role in facilitating the selective recall of negative information about one's social performance, so that it affects their future performance in social situations. Generally, the results of the present research are in accord with other researches and support the principles governing memory bias and social anxiety disorder according to cognitive theories of social anxiety.","PeriodicalId":371789,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sixth International Conference of Cognitive Science (ICCS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117334004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426666
Ali Hakimi Parizi, M. Kazemifard
With rapid advances of internet and overloading of information, it is important that we use some models and techniques to help users find proper data among massive flooding of information, especially in news domain that rapidly change. Recommender systems are a great help for achieving this goal. The current news recommender systems have focused on learning what users like to read based on their past activities and using methods for recommending news in a real-time manner, but none of them have considered emotion of news and how a user feels about an article in their recommendation process. Positive news can have a positive impact on user's mood. In this work we aim to introduce a model for news recommender systems that can recommend news in a way to have a positive impact on the user's mood. It utilizes both emotion of news and the user's preference.
{"title":"Emotional news recommender system","authors":"Ali Hakimi Parizi, M. Kazemifard","doi":"10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COGSCI.2015.7426666","url":null,"abstract":"With rapid advances of internet and overloading of information, it is important that we use some models and techniques to help users find proper data among massive flooding of information, especially in news domain that rapidly change. Recommender systems are a great help for achieving this goal. The current news recommender systems have focused on learning what users like to read based on their past activities and using methods for recommending news in a real-time manner, but none of them have considered emotion of news and how a user feels about an article in their recommendation process. Positive news can have a positive impact on user's mood. In this work we aim to introduce a model for news recommender systems that can recommend news in a way to have a positive impact on the user's mood. It utilizes both emotion of news and the user's preference.","PeriodicalId":371789,"journal":{"name":"2015 Sixth International Conference of Cognitive Science (ICCS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124949728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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