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The Glocal Marketing Strategies of Global Brands: Coca-Cola and McDonald’s 全球品牌的全球营销策略:可口可乐和麦当劳
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.37227/jibm-2022-06-5414
Deliceırmak Girne
Changing lifestyles, economic facts, cultures in the world globalisation oriented. These changes can be described as Globalisation. Another factor affecting globalisation is the developments in information and communication technologies. With the development of technology, communication between countries has strengthened. Depending on the development of technology, the process of Globalization has also started. With the development of information and communication technology, what can reach the desired information quickly, and the selected country can be contacted soon. The story of technology in this context has enabled many brands to be unable to fit into the domestic market and to open up to the foreign market. The opening of brands to foreign markets has become mandatory with Globalisation. In the research, the differences between Globalisation and glocalisation are discussed. In this context, the research is based on the motto of Roland Robertson's theory of glocalisation, "Think globally, act locally". The global marketing strategies of Coca Cola and McDonald's companies, which are among the international brands that adopt the motto mentioned earlier, are analysed to determine how they deliver the messages in the strategies they apply. Quantitative research in examining the data obtained in accordance with the purpose of the research. Content analysis, one of the methods, was used. Text analysis is one of the essential elements of the semiotic method. In this method, the connotations to be given while analysing the text are analysed. Every existing symbol has a message it wants to convey or convey, and the semiotic method enables this message to emerge. Keywords: Globalization, Glocalization, Foreign markets, Marketing, Global brands
不断变化的生活方式,经济事实,文化在世界全球化导向。这些变化可以被描述为全球化。影响全球化的另一个因素是信息和通信技术的发展。随着科技的发展,国与国之间的交流加强了。随着技术的发展,全球化的进程也开始了。随着信息通信技术的发展,什么信息可以很快到达想要的地方,选定的国家也可以很快联系上。这种背景下的技术故事,让很多品牌无法融入国内市场,无法打开国外市场。随着全球化,品牌向国外市场开放已成为强制性要求。在研究中,讨论了全球化和全球化的区别。在这种背景下,这项研究是基于罗兰·罗伯逊的全球化理论的座右铭,“全球思考,本地行动”。可口可乐和麦当劳公司的全球营销策略,这是其中的国际品牌,采用前面提到的座右铭,分析,以确定他们如何在他们应用的战略传递信息。定量研究是指根据研究目的对所获得的数据进行检验。采用了内容分析法。文本分析是符号学方法的重要组成部分之一。在此方法中,分析了在分析文本时所要赋予的内涵。每一个现存的符号都有一个它想要传达或传达的信息,而符号学方法使这个信息得以出现。关键词:全球化,全球本土化,国外市场,市场营销,全球品牌
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引用次数: 0
Fundamental Analysis of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) Listed Top Five NBFIs: A Study on Bangladesh 达卡证券交易所(DSE)五大非银行金融机构的基本面分析——以孟加拉国为例
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.37227/jibm-2022-04-5396
S. Rahman, K. Fatema, Nayan Miah
Investment decisions are a part of most people's lives. In a unique situation, each person makes such decisions. Both technical and fundamental analysis can be used to make logical investing decisions. The goal of this study is to do fundamentals evaluation of Bangladesh's top five NBFIs, as listed on the DSE, determining the substantial difference between selected variables by comparing them side by side. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used by the researchers in this work. The authors took the top five NBFIs, IDLC, LankaBangla, ICB, BDFinance, and Prime Finance as a sample and used secondary data from 2015 to 2020. According to the findings of this study, IDLC and LankaBangla have the highest average ROEs of 19.35 and 13.61, respectively. Prime Finance has the lowest P/E ratio (10.75), followed by IDLC (10.75), LankaBangla (14.14), and ICB (10.86). The biggest dividend yields are 5.91 and 5.16 percent for LankaBangla and IDLC, respectively, followed by 1.60 percent for ICB and so on ICB, Prime Finance, and BD Finance have the highest dividend payout ratios (81.05) and IDLC has the second-highest dividend payout ratio (71.19). IDLC has the second-highest P/E ratio (2.13), while LankaBangla has the third-highest P/B ratio (1.48). Finally, in terms of earnings per share (EPS), IDLC has the greatest average EPS (5.72), ICB is second (3.09), LankaBangla is third (2.32), and so on. Alternative hypotheses (H1.1, H1.2, H1.3, H1.4, H1.5, and H1.6) have been accepted, indicating that significant differences exist among the variables studied. As a result, all of the chosen variables varied significantly. Ultimately, this research will assist investors in making informed investment decisions, and the management of the top five NBFIs will be able to perform better by following the proposed recommendations. Keywords: NBFIs, Fundamental analysis, ROE, EPS, P/B ratio, Dividend yield
投资决策是大多数人生活的一部分。在一个独特的情况下,每个人都会做出这样的决定。技术分析和基本面分析都可以用来做出合乎逻辑的投资决策。本研究的目的是对DSE上列出的孟加拉国前五大nbfi进行基本面评估,通过并排比较确定所选变量之间的实质性差异。研究人员在这项工作中使用了描述性和推断性统计。作者以2015年至2020年的五大nbfi、IDLC、LankaBangla、ICB、BDFinance和Prime Finance为样本,使用二次数据。根据本研究结果,IDLC和LankaBangla的平均ROEs最高,分别为19.35和13.61。Prime Finance的市盈率最低(10.75),其次是IDLC(10.75)、LankaBangla(14.14)和ICB(10.86)。股息率最高的是兰卡邦拉和IDLC,分别为5.91和5.16%,其次是ICB的1.60%等。ICB、Prime金融、BD金融的股息率最高(81.05),IDLC的股息率第二高(71.19)。IDLC的市盈率第二高(2.13),而LankaBangla的市盈率第三高(1.48)。最后,在每股收益(EPS)方面,IDLC的平均每股收益最高(5.72),ICB第二(3.09),LankaBangla第三(2.32),等等。可选假设(H1.1, H1.2, H1.3, H1.4, H1.5, H1.6)已被接受,表明所研究的变量之间存在显著差异。结果,所有选择的变量都发生了显著的变化。最终,本研究将帮助投资者做出明智的投资决策,并且五大nbfi的管理层将能够通过遵循所提出的建议来更好地执行。关键词:nbfi,基本面分析,ROE, EPS, P/B比率,股息率
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引用次数: 1
A Study on Association of Liquidity Risk and Financial Performance in Libyan Commercial Banks 利比亚商业银行流动性风险与财务绩效关系研究
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-06-04 DOI: 10.37227/ithj-2022-03-824
Financial performance analysis is the process of determining the operating and financial characteristics of a firm from accounting and financial statements. The literature provided some evidence to support a positive association between strategies that banks follow while mange the liquidity and risk and banks performance. In Libyan context, no studies have explored the characteristics of risk management in general and specifically liquidity risk management, or the effect of such management on banks performance. Libyan commercial banks operating in the western region were identified as the study's population. Boards of directors and members of risk committees, executive managers, and department heads of Libyan commercial banks were among the potential constituents. Liquidity risk management, as well as financial performance, were the primary criteria for selecting these special interest groups. Sample size was carefully chosen, and structured questionnaires were given to participants to elicit their opinions and knowledge about the impact of bank risk management on the financial performance of universal banks in this study. A partial least squares (PLS) technique was used to analyse the empirical data using structural equation modelling (SEM). Banks' liquidity risk management and financial performance, as measured by bank managers' perceptions, had a significant positive relationship. Thus, liquidity risk management is a major antecedent for the financial performance in the Libyan banking industry. Keywords: Liquidity risk, Financial performance, Risk management, Commercial bank, Libya
财务绩效分析是从会计和财务报表中确定企业经营和财务特征的过程。文献提供了一些证据来支持银行在管理流动性和风险时所遵循的策略与银行绩效之间的正相关关系。在利比亚的情况下,没有研究探讨一般风险管理的特点,特别是流动性风险管理,或这种管理对银行业绩的影响。在西部地区经营的利比亚商业银行被确定为研究对象。利比亚商业银行的董事会和风险委员会成员、执行经理和部门负责人都是潜在的组成部分。流动性风险管理以及财务业绩是选择这些特殊利益集团的主要标准。在本研究中,我们精心选择了样本量,并对参与者进行了结构化的问卷调查,以了解他们对银行风险管理对全能银行财务绩效影响的看法和认识。采用偏最小二乘(PLS)技术,利用结构方程模型(SEM)对经验数据进行分析。银行的流动性风险管理和财务绩效,作为衡量银行经理的看法,有显著的正相关。因此,流动性风险管理是利比亚银行业财务绩效的主要先决条件。关键词:流动性风险,财务绩效,风险管理,商业银行,利比亚
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Effectiveness of LinkedIn as a Tool for B2B Customer Acquisition in the Asia Pacific Region 探索领英作为亚太地区B2B客户获取工具的有效性
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.37227/jibm-2022-04-5391
D. Dasanayake
This research aims to explore the use of LinkedIn as a tool for B2B customer acquisition, in order to tap into a timely issue faced by many sales and partnerships personnel working digitally in globally dispersed sales teams. The research problem and data are based on Organization X and signifies the bottleneck in the sales process lying in not receiving an initial response from the potential clients who are contacted through LinkedIn. Hence the research objective is to identify the factors affecting this low conversion rate, and to understand LinkedIn behavioural patterns and preferences of working professionals in the Asia Pacific region. The key variables explored are message length, message subject, prior knowledge, and LinkedIn usage frequency, which have been proved to have a weak relationship with the rate of responsiveness, whereas the preference for being approached through channels other than LinkedIn, such as email and through fellow employees have been recorded to be higher. Preference has also been observed for shorter, precise messages with informative message subjects, which would lead to higher tendency of replying to B2B related messages on LinkedIn.Keywords: LinkedIn sales, B2B marketing, Customer acquisition, Digital sales
本研究旨在探索LinkedIn作为B2B客户获取工具的使用,以便及时解决许多在全球分散的销售团队中进行数字化工作的销售和合作伙伴人员所面临的问题。研究问题和数据基于组织X,表明销售过程中的瓶颈在于没有收到通过LinkedIn联系的潜在客户的初始响应。因此,研究目标是确定影响这种低转化率的因素,并了解领英的行为模式和亚太地区工作专业人士的偏好。研究的关键变量是消息长度、消息主题、先验知识和LinkedIn使用频率,这些变量已被证明与响应率有微弱的关系,而通过LinkedIn以外的渠道(如电子邮件)和同事联系的偏好已被记录为更高。我们还观察到,人们更喜欢短小精悍、信息主题丰富的信息,这将导致人们更倾向于回复LinkedIn上与B2B相关的信息。关键词:LinkedIn销售,B2B营销,客户获取,数字销售
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Strategic Leadership on Competitiveness of Logistics Firms in Kenya 战略领导对肯尼亚物流企业竞争力的影响
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.37227/jibm-2022-04-5378
The main objective of the study was, therefore, to determine the influence of Strategic leadership on competitiveness of firms in Kenya’s Logistics Sector. The general objective of this study was therefore to determine the influence strategic leadership including strategic direction, strategic control, capacity building and organizational dynamics had on competitiveness of logistics firms in Nairobi Kenya. The study was based on leadership theories, resource-based view, capacity building theory. The study embraced both qualitative and quantitative method. Primary data was obtained using questionnaires from sample of 30 employees from each of the targeted 65 logistics firms in Kenya. Secondary data was also used. Reliability was calculated with assistance of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Quantitative data was analyzed as per study objectives using SPSS. Results indicated that Strategic leadership significantly influenced Competitiveness of firms in the Kenya’s logistics sector. On overall profitability majority of firms had an increase in profitability of between 15-20 million at 49.1.1% in the year 2020, between 15-20 million at 48.6% in the year 2019 and between Kshs 5-10 million at 39.5% in the year 2018. The year 2020 however had less increase from the previous year because of the Global pandemic Covid-19. Therefore, the study recommended that Firms in logistics sector should have very specific and quantifiable goals clear to everyone in the organization, Internal controls ensure errors and mistakes are removed and the standard operating procedures are observed is important. Keywords: Strategic leadership, Competitiveness, Strategic control, Strategic direction, Capacity building, Organization dynamics
因此,研究的主要目的是确定战略领导对肯尼亚物流业企业竞争力的影响。因此,本研究的总体目标是确定战略领导的影响,包括战略方向,战略控制,能力建设和组织动力学对肯尼亚内罗毕物流公司的竞争力。本研究基于领导力理论、资源基础理论、能力建设理论。这项研究采用了定性和定量两种方法。主要数据是通过对肯尼亚65家物流公司的30名员工的问卷调查获得的。还使用了辅助资料。信度计算采用SPSS统计软件。定量数据按研究目的使用SPSS进行分析。结果表明,战略领导显著影响肯尼亚物流业企业的竞争力。在整体盈利能力方面,大多数公司的盈利能力在2020年增长了1500万至2000万卢比,达到49.1.1%,在2019年增长了1500万至2000万卢比,达到48.6%,在2018年增长了500万至500万卢比,达到39.5%。然而,由于全球大流行Covid-19, 2020年的增幅低于前一年。因此,该研究建议物流部门的公司应该有非常具体和可量化的目标,组织中的每个人都清楚,内部控制确保错误和错误被消除,并遵守标准操作程序是很重要的。关键词:战略领导、竞争力、战略控制、战略方向、能力建设、组织动力学
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引用次数: 0
Blockchain in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): Opportunities for Regional Integration and Economic Growth 中东和北非的区块链:区域一体化和经济增长的机会
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.37227/jibm-2022-04-5373/
Composed of an assortment of countries with vast differences in economic and political development, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has historically been slow to embrace integration. The region consists of a diverse mix of countries with complex colonial legacies, ongoing warfare, tribal and religious enmity, and extreme wealth disparity. Recent advances in technology have the potential to enable greater cohesion and development. One such innovation is blockchain, an immutable distributed ledger technology that eliminates intermediaries and revolutionizes how transactions take place over the Internet. While originating as the technology underlying Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, blockchain has been applied in many other areas in which data integrity and transparency is vital and has been adopted around the world. This paper explores blockchain adoption in the MENA region, focusing on the financial systems, government policies, and innovation ecosystems within the member countries. Huge discrepancies in the levels of development and adoption of the technology in the MENA countries are revealed, with Israel and several of the oil-rich Gulf states being the most advanced. Examples of blockchain-related collaborations among MENA nations are presented and the future trajectory of blockchain adoption is explored. Keywords: MENA, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Middle East, North Africa, Regional integration
中东和北非(MENA)地区由各种各样的国家组成,在经济和政治发展方面存在巨大差异,历史上,中东和北非地区在接受一体化方面进展缓慢。该地区由不同的国家组成,这些国家有着复杂的殖民遗产、持续的战争、部落和宗教敌意以及极端的财富差距。最近的技术进步有可能促进更大的凝聚力和发展。其中一项创新是区块链,这是一种不可变的分布式账本技术,它消除了中介,并彻底改变了互联网上的交易方式。虽然区块链起源于比特币和其他加密货币的基础技术,但它已被应用于许多其他领域,在这些领域,数据完整性和透明度至关重要,并已在全球范围内采用。本文探讨了中东和北非地区采用区块链的情况,重点关注成员国的金融体系、政府政策和创新生态系统。中东和北非国家在开发和采用该技术的水平上存在巨大差异,以色列和几个石油资源丰富的海湾国家是最先进的。介绍了中东和北非国家之间与区块链相关的合作实例,并探讨了区块链采用的未来轨迹。关键词:中东和北非,区块链,加密货币,中东,北非,区域一体化
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引用次数: 2
Factors Affecting Educators’ Psychological Wellbeing Amid Covid-19 Pandemic: A Quantitative Approach 新冠肺炎大流行中影响教育工作者心理健康的因素:一种定量方法
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.37227/jibm-2022-01-151
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引用次数: 1
Staff Attrition and Performance of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Southeast Nigeria 尼日利亚东南部制造业企业员工流失与绩效分析
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.37227/jibm-2022-03-5361
Okoli Ifeanyi E. Nuel, Adani Nnenne Ifechi, N. Chike, N. Azikiwe
This empirical and survey based research has been undertaken in Southeast Nigeria, with the objective of identifying the influence of staff attrition on performance of manufacturing firms. The population of the study consists of one hundred and seventy– seven (177) manufacturing firms. Complete enumeration was adopted and so there was no need for sampling as all the selected manufacturing firms was used. The study used primary data which was collected using one research instrument namely, questionnaires. The secondary data have been collected from books, journals, dissertation and conference proceedings. Cronbach alpha was administrated to test the stability of the scale. Pearson’s product moment correlation techniques and simple linear regression were used to analyze and test the hypotheses. The result of the test hypotheses revealed that staff educational level and working conditions have a significant positive influence on firm’s performance on selected manufacturing firms in southeast Nigeria. The study concluded that staff attrition affect firm’s performance adversely in the manufacturing sector. Hence the most damaging consequences of attrition in the manufacturing sector in Nigeria include; recruitment cost, training cost, impact on the on-going productions or services and most importantly, loss of productivity in the firm. The study recommended that management should improve the working conditions of the staff and also ensure that the right people are in the right jobs, introduce 360-degree performance feedback so that individual staff is evaluated based on performance and not based on educational qualification alone.
这种实证和基于调查的研究已经在尼日利亚东南部进行,目的是确定员工流失对制造企业绩效的影响。研究对象包括177家制造企业。采用完全枚举法,因此不需要抽样,因为所有选定的制造企业都被使用。该研究使用的原始数据是通过一种研究工具即问卷调查收集的。二手资料收集自书籍、期刊、论文和会议记录。采用Cronbach alpha检验量表的稳定性。使用Pearson积矩相关技术和简单线性回归对假设进行分析和检验。检验假设的结果表明,在尼日利亚东南部选定的制造企业中,员工的教育水平和工作条件对企业绩效有显著的正向影响。该研究得出结论,在制造业中,员工流失对公司绩效产生不利影响。因此,尼日利亚制造业人员流失最具破坏性的后果包括:招聘成本,培训成本,对正在进行的生产或服务的影响,最重要的是,公司生产力的损失。该研究建议管理层应改善员工的工作条件,并确保合适的人从事合适的工作,引入360度绩效反馈,以便根据员工的表现而不是仅根据教育资格对其进行评估。
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引用次数: 1
Investigation to the Impact of Career Education, Interpersonal and IT Skills on Graduate Employability in Bangladesh 职业教育、人际关系和IT技能对孟加拉国毕业生就业能力影响的调查
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.37227/jibm-2022-03-5356
Md. Hasan Shimum Wahab, A. Jantan, M. Chowdhury, Sazali Abdul Wahab, Md Asadul Islam
Lack of graduate employability has become a crucial phenomenon among higher education providers and employers in different countries. Several attributes were found as significant determinants in enhancing graduate employability in previous studies. However, few studies relating to graduate employability have been examined in the context of Bangladesh where a large number of students are gaining their graduation hats from public and private universities and other institutions every year. Hence, to shed light on this issue, researchers aimed to examine the determinants of graduate employability in Bangladesh. Using the purposive sampling technique, survey data was collected from final year students and recent graduates. A total of 200 data was analysed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that career education and interpersonal and information technology (IT) skills significantly enhanced graduate employability. Discussions and implications of the findings have been articulated along with the concluding remarks at the end of the study. Keywords: Graduate employability, Public university, Private university, Career education, Interpersonal skills and information technology (IT) skills
毕业生就业能力不足已成为各国高等教育提供者和雇主面临的一个重要现象。在以往的研究中,有几个属性被发现是提高毕业生就业能力的重要决定因素。然而,在孟加拉国,每年都有大批学生从公立和私立大学及其他机构毕业,很少对毕业生就业能力进行研究。因此,为了阐明这一问题,研究人员旨在研究孟加拉国毕业生就业能力的决定因素。采用有目的的抽样方法,调查数据收集自大四学生和应届毕业生。采用多元线性回归对200份数据进行分析。结果表明,职业教育和人际与信息技术(IT)技能显著提高了毕业生的就业能力。研究结果的讨论和影响已与研究结束时的结束语一起阐述。关键词:毕业生就业能力,公立大学,私立大学,职业教育,人际交往能力和信息技术技能
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引用次数: 0
Benefits and Implementation of Job Rotation: Recommendations for Kuwaiti Civil Service Commission 轮岗的好处和实施:对科威特公务员制度委员会的建议
Q4 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.37227/jibm-2021-12-3286
Saad M. S. N. Almutairi Jamal G Alabtan Alshammeri, Fatemah Mohammad AlKanderi, Falah Bader Almutarir, Ayied Mazed Aldaihani, Saleh Ali AlDurzi
This article has been prepared with the aim of exploring the benefits and implementation processes of the job rotation in the Kuwaiti Civil Service Commission. The paper has been prepared based on the secondary sources based on the opinion based method. The paper articulates that job rotation has significant potentiality and effectiveness in reducing service disruption. In this regard, the paper has provided some recommendation based on which an organization in private and public industry for example Kuwaiti Civil Service Commission can implement the job rotation. The paper also provides implications and concluding remarks to the key areas of the study. Finally, the article includes discussion on the limitations of the study and directions for the future research. Keywords: Kuwaiti Civil Service Commission, Job rotation, Secondary Research, Effectiveness, Disruption
编写这篇文章的目的是探讨科威特公务员制度委员会工作轮调的好处和执行过程。本文是在基于意见法的二手资料的基础上编写的。本文阐明了工作轮换在减少服务中断方面具有显著的潜力和有效性。在这方面,该文件提出了一些建议,私营和公共行业的组织,例如科威特公务员制度委员会,可以根据这些建议执行工作轮调。论文还对研究的关键领域提供了启示和结束语。最后,文章对研究的局限性和未来的研究方向进行了讨论。关键词:科威特公务员委员会;轮岗;二次研究
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引用次数: 1
期刊
International Journal of Business Continuity and Risk Management
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