Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/18692729.2023.2169462
A. Faure
ABSTRACT This study examines the coherence between the Tokyo Olympic urban project, the national urban planning strategies, and the metropolitan and sub-metropolitan policies. The objective is to understand how the wards are integrated in the definition and design of the Olympic project by questioning the available urban planning tools. This paper shows that the Olympic project is fundamentally top-down and does not take into account the objectives of the wards, while it also seeks to finalize urban strategies decided at the national level from the 1980s. The paper examines 25 strategic documents and urban planning documents in English and Japanese in order to trace the evolution of urban planning choices. The result of the study confirms that it is important for the Olympic movement to reform the preparatory phase of the event, in particular by lengthening the period between the election of the host city and the delivery of the Games, while including more strongly all the public actors and not only the institution signing the host city contract.
{"title":"How the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games were embedded in urban planning documents: The enforcement of a metropolitan strategy in the Bay Area","authors":"A. Faure","doi":"10.1080/18692729.2023.2169462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2023.2169462","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the coherence between the Tokyo Olympic urban project, the national urban planning strategies, and the metropolitan and sub-metropolitan policies. The objective is to understand how the wards are integrated in the definition and design of the Olympic project by questioning the available urban planning tools. This paper shows that the Olympic project is fundamentally top-down and does not take into account the objectives of the wards, while it also seeks to finalize urban strategies decided at the national level from the 1980s. The paper examines 25 strategic documents and urban planning documents in English and Japanese in order to trace the evolution of urban planning choices. The result of the study confirms that it is important for the Olympic movement to reform the preparatory phase of the event, in particular by lengthening the period between the election of the host city and the delivery of the Games, while including more strongly all the public actors and not only the institution signing the host city contract.","PeriodicalId":37204,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Japan","volume":"35 1","pages":"136 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43220427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1080/18692729.2022.2137757
Ryota Takahashi
{"title":"The origins of income equality with a small government in Japan: An analysis of the formation of Japanese-style income policy in 1975","authors":"Ryota Takahashi","doi":"10.1080/18692729.2022.2137757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2022.2137757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37204,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Japan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48945036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-19DOI: 10.1080/18692729.2022.2137620
Ernils Larsson
{"title":"Yasukuni Fundamentalism: Japanese Religions and the Politics of Restoration","authors":"Ernils Larsson","doi":"10.1080/18692729.2022.2137620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2022.2137620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37204,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Japan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46546765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.1080/18692729.2022.2133667
Yingying Jiang
{"title":"Conscription Insurance in Pre-war Japan - Private Enterprise and National Interest","authors":"Yingying Jiang","doi":"10.1080/18692729.2022.2133667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2022.2133667","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37204,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42554757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.1080/18692729.2022.2111541
Nora Kottmann
{"title":"Active pursuit of pregnancy: Neoliberalism, postfeminism and the politics of reproduction in contemporary Japan","authors":"Nora Kottmann","doi":"10.1080/18692729.2022.2111541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2022.2111541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37204,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Japan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47633197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/18692729.2022.2112478
Ayaka Löschke
ABSTRACT This article examines changes in Japan’s social movement organizations (SMOs) after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, focusing on mothers against radiation as key actors. After the Fukushima disaster, Japan’s SMOs enjoyed not only a resurgence of mass protests, but also an increase in advocacy activities and mothers’ participation in relation to radiation protection. Furthermore, some mothers’ SMOs against radiation survived for a decade. Such longevity is internationally unusual for an SMO. However, these SMOs have been virtually unstudied with regards to this longevity. How did mothers’ SMOs against radiation fight for survival for more than a decade? To answer this question, this project conducted long-term ethnographic research on a mothers’ SMO, the Kodomo-tachi o Hōshanō kara Mamoru Zenkoku Nettowāku (the National Network of Parents to Protect Children from Radiation; the “Kodomozenkoku”). Founded in 2011, Kodomozenkoku has been active for more than a decade. It recruited over 350 local SMOs as rank-and-file and shifted its focus from national advocacy activities to local non-advocacy activities. Based on this case study of Kodomozenkoku, this research argues that Kodomozenkoku’s flexibility in its transformation concerning goals, internal structure and interorganizational relations enabled this newcomer SMO to survive for over a decade.
本文考察了日本福岛第一核电站核灾难后社会运动组织(SMOs)的变化，重点关注母亲反对辐射的关键角色。福岛核灾难发生后，日本的SMOs不仅再次出现大规模抗议活动，而且与辐射防护有关的宣传活动和母亲的参与也有所增加。此外，一些母亲的防辐射SMOs存活了10年。如此长的寿命对于SMO来说在国际上是不寻常的。然而，关于这种寿命，这些SMOs几乎没有被研究过。母亲们对抗辐射的SMOs是如何在十多年里生存下来的?为了回答这个问题，这个项目对母亲的SMO进行了长期的民族志研究，Kodomo-tachi o Hōshanō kara Mamoru Zenkoku Nettowāku(全国父母保护儿童免受辐射的网络;“Kodomozenkoku”)。Kodomozenkoku成立于2011年，已经活跃了十多年。它招募了350多名当地的普通社会活动人员，并将其重点从国家倡导活动转移到地方非倡导活动。本研究通过对Kodomozenkoku公司的案例分析，认为Kodomozenkoku公司在目标、内部结构和组织间关系等方面的灵活转型，使这家新成立的SMO公司得以存活十余年。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/18692729.2022.2095783
I. Fassbender
ABSTRACT This article examines neoliberal bio-political strategies by scrutinizing a current discourse concerning fertility in mass media and the policy-making arena, a narrative formed around the catchy word creation “active pursuit of pregnancy” (ninkatsu). In the discourse of ninkatsu, which debuted in a women’s magazine in 2011 and inspired a similar narrative in new policies aimed at fighting the low birth rate, young women are encouraged to generate favorable circumstances for having children as early as possible in their life. For instance, these incorporate the management of personal conditions such as career and marriage as well as thorough life planning including deliberations on physiological factors which affect the “maintenance” of a fertile body. Drawing on concrete examples from a narrative in new demographic policies, a special ninkatsu edition of said women’s magazine, a family planning guidebook for young women, and a TV documentary focusing on the aging of egg cells, the claims of the article are threefold. First, by shedding light on the involvement of stakeholders in media and the health care industry together with political actors, a broader range of stakeholders than solely policy makers in the strategies of contemporary population politics is highlighted. Second, the article shows that the contemporary narrative of family planning revolves around the rule of self-responsibility and self-optimization. Third, by taking a gender perspective, the article points out how women’s bodies are exploited in the name of “autonomy” for demographic national goals as well as for economic profit making.
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Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/18692729.2022.2112479
Julia Gerster, E. Maly
ABSTRACT With the proliferation of several dozen new exhibits and museums dedicated to this specific disaster, the 3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster, can be considered a turning point in the preservation of disaster memory in Japan. Although there is limited research on disaster museums, they play a significant role in shaping cultural memory of 3.11, as they are regarded as reliable, objective institutions of memory. Through analysis of 17 government-established 3.11 museums, this research explores the following questions: How do public disaster museums frame their representations of 3.11, and what official narrative is created within the cultural memory of the triple disaster in Japan? Drawing from analysis of the museums’ mission statements and exhibitions, and interviews with curators and museum staff, we argue that most disaster museums support narratives of overcoming hardships to contribute to a better future, showing continuity with narratives typical of other memorial museums such as WWII, or pre-3.11 disaster museums. In contrast to the commemoration of war and its influence on cultural memory, disaster museums have received relatively little scholarly attention. Yet, these forward-looking messages, combined with tendencies of museums to focus on local disaster experiences and emphasize disaster risk reduction with an artificial separation between man-made disasters vs. natural hazards, contributes to an othering of the Fukushima nuclear disaster in cultural memory, as an outlier in Japan’s long history of disasters. Without full representation of the compound disaster, understanding of 3.11 and the effective transmission of the intended lessons is severely limited.
{"title":"Japan’s Disaster Memorial Museums and framing 3.11: Othering the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in cultural memory","authors":"Julia Gerster, E. Maly","doi":"10.1080/18692729.2022.2112479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2022.2112479","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With the proliferation of several dozen new exhibits and museums dedicated to this specific disaster, the 3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster, can be considered a turning point in the preservation of disaster memory in Japan. Although there is limited research on disaster museums, they play a significant role in shaping cultural memory of 3.11, as they are regarded as reliable, objective institutions of memory. Through analysis of 17 government-established 3.11 museums, this research explores the following questions: How do public disaster museums frame their representations of 3.11, and what official narrative is created within the cultural memory of the triple disaster in Japan? Drawing from analysis of the museums’ mission statements and exhibitions, and interviews with curators and museum staff, we argue that most disaster museums support narratives of overcoming hardships to contribute to a better future, showing continuity with narratives typical of other memorial museums such as WWII, or pre-3.11 disaster museums. In contrast to the commemoration of war and its influence on cultural memory, disaster museums have received relatively little scholarly attention. Yet, these forward-looking messages, combined with tendencies of museums to focus on local disaster experiences and emphasize disaster risk reduction with an artificial separation between man-made disasters vs. natural hazards, contributes to an othering of the Fukushima nuclear disaster in cultural memory, as an outlier in Japan’s long history of disasters. Without full representation of the compound disaster, understanding of 3.11 and the effective transmission of the intended lessons is severely limited.","PeriodicalId":37204,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Japan","volume":"34 1","pages":"187 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44591566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/18692729.2022.2133576
Isaac Gagné
Dear readers, While only half a year has passed since our previous issue, the pace of changes in Japan and in the world makes it feel like much longer. The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has been declared “over” in many countries, even as infection and death rates have reached new heights in Japan and elsewhere; meanwhile, monkey pox is the newest virus to invade the public discourse. The ongoing war in the Ukraine continues to impact lives and livelihoods for many in Europe and beyond. And as if to add exclamation points to the year 2022, former prime minister Abe Shinzo was assassinated and Queen Elizabeth II passed away (with both funerals being held in September, just before this issue was published). In Japan, Abe’s “state funeral” was greeted with disapproval by over half of the public as well as protests, and the continuing fallout from the revelations of lawmaker’s connections to certain religious organizations may harbor future changes in state-society relations. In all these ways, 2022 has certainly been different than the previous “pandemic years,” though no less eventful. Nonetheless, at CJ we continue to try and bring you the latest research and commentaries on Japan, and this issue maintains this commitment. Volume 34 Issue 2 brings together a Special Section on “Continuity and Change 10 Years after 3.11: Processes and Dynamics in State-Society Relations,” an invited commentary, and our book review section. The Special Section features an Introduction by the guest editors Anna Wiemann, Florentine Koppenborg, and Tobias Weiss that situates the 3.11 disaster within the broader dynamics of statesociety relations over the ten years since the disaster. The three papers in this Special Section analyze the post-3.11 developments in social movements (Loschke), protest participation (Satoh), and disaster memorial museums (Gerster and Maly), and bring important longitudinal and comparative perspective to the ongoing effects of the disaster on Japanese society – and indeed, the dynamics they analyze prove especially relevant given the ways that Abe’s recent assassination has become a touchstone for both protest and memorialization. In our invited commentary section, Norio Okada from Kwansei Gakuin University provides a fascinating reflection on his 30 years of fieldwork in so-called “depopulated areas,” with a focus on Chizu Town in Tottori Prefecture, and challenges us to shift our attention from the statistical framings of “rural decline” to the actual “small, lively communities” that may hold the secret to revitalizing rural communities across Japan. Rounding out the issue, our book review section covers English and German language publications in the fields of education, family, history, religious studies, and black studies. CONTEMPORARY JAPAN 2022, VOL. 34, NO. 2, 125–126 https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2022.2133576
{"title":"Message from the managing editor","authors":"Isaac Gagné","doi":"10.1080/18692729.2022.2133576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2022.2133576","url":null,"abstract":"Dear readers, While only half a year has passed since our previous issue, the pace of changes in Japan and in the world makes it feel like much longer. The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has been declared “over” in many countries, even as infection and death rates have reached new heights in Japan and elsewhere; meanwhile, monkey pox is the newest virus to invade the public discourse. The ongoing war in the Ukraine continues to impact lives and livelihoods for many in Europe and beyond. And as if to add exclamation points to the year 2022, former prime minister Abe Shinzo was assassinated and Queen Elizabeth II passed away (with both funerals being held in September, just before this issue was published). In Japan, Abe’s “state funeral” was greeted with disapproval by over half of the public as well as protests, and the continuing fallout from the revelations of lawmaker’s connections to certain religious organizations may harbor future changes in state-society relations. In all these ways, 2022 has certainly been different than the previous “pandemic years,” though no less eventful. Nonetheless, at CJ we continue to try and bring you the latest research and commentaries on Japan, and this issue maintains this commitment. Volume 34 Issue 2 brings together a Special Section on “Continuity and Change 10 Years after 3.11: Processes and Dynamics in State-Society Relations,” an invited commentary, and our book review section. The Special Section features an Introduction by the guest editors Anna Wiemann, Florentine Koppenborg, and Tobias Weiss that situates the 3.11 disaster within the broader dynamics of statesociety relations over the ten years since the disaster. The three papers in this Special Section analyze the post-3.11 developments in social movements (Loschke), protest participation (Satoh), and disaster memorial museums (Gerster and Maly), and bring important longitudinal and comparative perspective to the ongoing effects of the disaster on Japanese society – and indeed, the dynamics they analyze prove especially relevant given the ways that Abe’s recent assassination has become a touchstone for both protest and memorialization. In our invited commentary section, Norio Okada from Kwansei Gakuin University provides a fascinating reflection on his 30 years of fieldwork in so-called “depopulated areas,” with a focus on Chizu Town in Tottori Prefecture, and challenges us to shift our attention from the statistical framings of “rural decline” to the actual “small, lively communities” that may hold the secret to revitalizing rural communities across Japan. Rounding out the issue, our book review section covers English and German language publications in the fields of education, family, history, religious studies, and black studies. CONTEMPORARY JAPAN 2022, VOL. 34, NO. 2, 125–126 https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2022.2133576","PeriodicalId":37204,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Japan","volume":"34 1","pages":"125 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59937737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/18692729.2022.2095869
Ernst Lokowandt
{"title":"Spannungen im Japanischen Kaiserhaus: Prinzen als Oppositionelle in Krisen-, Kriegs- und Besatzungszeit 1930-1951 (Tensions in the Japanese imperial house: Princes as opposition members in the period of crisis, war and occupation 1930-1951), by Gerhard Krebs, OAG Iudicium Verlag, 2021","authors":"Ernst Lokowandt","doi":"10.1080/18692729.2022.2095869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/18692729.2022.2095869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37204,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Japan","volume":"34 1","pages":"248 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46291156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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