Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)164
Rajaram Sharma, T. Tiwari
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is the rare autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder that affects the individual by causing various benign lesions. However, in recent studies, few cases of TSC in which a novel malignancy is also observed. TSC has mutations in two suppressor genes, i.e. TSC1 & TSC2, responsible for developing a wide range of hamartomatous lesions [1]. Recent evidence suggests that the TSC genes play an important role in the pathway whose dysregulation leads to an array of epithelial malignancies. TSC 1 mutation is mainly identified in sporadic tumours of epithelial cells that indicate important phenotypic changes resulting from modulation of the hamartin expression. Here we present a case diagnosed with carcinoma gall bladder and having tuberous sclerosis complex defining the co-relation.
{"title":"Sporadic Association of the Carcinoma Gall Bladder in A Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex","authors":"Rajaram Sharma, T. Tiwari","doi":"10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)164","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is the rare autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder that affects the individual by causing various benign lesions. However, in recent studies, few cases of TSC in which a novel malignancy is also observed. TSC has mutations in two suppressor genes, i.e. TSC1 & TSC2, responsible for developing a wide range of hamartomatous lesions [1]. Recent evidence suggests that the TSC genes play an important role in the pathway whose dysregulation leads to an array of epithelial malignancies. TSC 1 mutation is mainly identified in sporadic tumours of epithelial cells that indicate important phenotypic changes resulting from modulation of the hamartin expression. Here we present a case diagnosed with carcinoma gall bladder and having tuberous sclerosis complex defining the co-relation.","PeriodicalId":372137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121969849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)166
A. Turek, A. Hunis
Patients diagnosed with cancer can be cured by approximately 50%. The percentage of cancer patients who, if they receive the appropriate therapy in a timely manner, can achieve prolonged control with a good quality of life is also very high. At the same time, experience teaches that many cancer patients, with or without medical treatment, tend to adopt unconventional therapies.
{"title":"Complementary and Alternative Medicines for Cancer","authors":"A. Turek, A. Hunis","doi":"10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)166","url":null,"abstract":"Patients diagnosed with cancer can be cured by approximately 50%. The percentage of cancer patients who, if they receive the appropriate therapy in a timely manner, can achieve prolonged control with a good quality of life is also very high. At the same time, experience teaches that many cancer patients, with or without medical treatment, tend to adopt unconventional therapies.","PeriodicalId":372137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131685865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)160
D. Habte
Tumor or neoplasm is an abnormal mass or swelling of tissue which results when cells divide more than they should beyond brain’s control. This case report describes, a successful management of subcutaneous benign tumour on an adult local breed ox having a body weight of 295 kg that was presented to VTH of AAU-CVMA, Bishoftu, on February 24/2022. It has a primary complaint and a history of firm and cold swelling at the caudal part of mandible on the lateral side of neck region that has spent over four years. Aspiration of the swelling with a sterile 16 gauge needle with syringe didn’t detect or withdrawn any of the contents (pus, fluid, blood and other). Cytological examination of tissue smears resulted immature and irregular shaped cells which have large darker nucleus. Based on history, clinical signs and cytological staining result, the case was diagnosed as subcutaneous benign tumor which is differentially diagnosed from abscess, oedema, cascious lymph adenitis and haematoma. It was managed by surgical resection and intramuscular injection of penicillin G procaine with wound spray topically for three successive days. Complete recovery of the ox was achieved after three weeks. Surgical resection accompanied with topical application and parenteral administration of antibiotics can give successful outcome on the management of localized subcutaneous benign tumours after proper identification and effective analgesics.
{"title":"Subcutaneous Benign Tumour; A Case of an Ox and Its Management Outcome; A Case Report","authors":"D. Habte","doi":"10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)160","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor or neoplasm is an abnormal mass or swelling of tissue which results when cells divide more than they should beyond brain’s control. This case report describes, a successful management of subcutaneous benign tumour on an adult local breed ox having a body weight of 295 kg that was presented to VTH of AAU-CVMA, Bishoftu, on February 24/2022. It has a primary complaint and a history of firm and cold swelling at the caudal part of mandible on the lateral side of neck region that has spent over four years. Aspiration of the swelling with a sterile 16 gauge needle with syringe didn’t detect or withdrawn any of the contents (pus, fluid, blood and other). Cytological examination of tissue smears resulted immature and irregular shaped cells which have large darker nucleus. Based on history, clinical signs and cytological staining result, the case was diagnosed as subcutaneous benign tumor which is differentially diagnosed from abscess, oedema, cascious lymph adenitis and haematoma. It was managed by surgical resection and intramuscular injection of penicillin G procaine with wound spray topically for three successive days. Complete recovery of the ox was achieved after three weeks. Surgical resection accompanied with topical application and parenteral administration of antibiotics can give successful outcome on the management of localized subcutaneous benign tumours after proper identification and effective analgesics.","PeriodicalId":372137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124338162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)163
K. Tsung, Zhang Xu, Zhang Hui
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) therapy is the most exciting development in cancer treatments in recent years. As of the end of 2021, more than a hundred of clinical trials have been carried out by several major drug makers and research hospitals all over the world just to explore the use of ICI antibodies in almost every type of cancer and under various clinical settings. These clinical trials have resulted waves of good news in every year’s major academic conferences and FDA approvals, and now ICI therapy is in the move to take over traditional therapy to become the major player in clinical management of cancer. On the other hand, most of these clinical trials have failed to show clear benefits in most cancer patients, and only few have been reported in public. In real-world clinical setting, ICI antibodies are being massively and sometimes abusively prescribed for almost every desperate situation with clear clinical benefit in only a few (<10%). Yet, the enthusiasm behind ICI therapy is not dampened by the massive clinical failure but has been growing. The reason for the consistent enthusiasm among clinicians and patients is the miracle-like clinical responses seen in some of the responders that even including late-stage hopeless cases. Every clinician wants to repeat this miracle in the next seemingly identical patient, and every patient and their family members want to believe that they are in line for that miracle. But the reality is disheartening in that clinicians do not see the predictable repeat of miracle-like responses in seemingly identical patients and most patients selecting ICI therapy as the last straw in life did not benefit from it, if not hurt by it. What then are the reasons that ICI therapy is so impressive when working and so unpredictable in responses? This review attempts to draw some mechanistic aspects based on our own experiences in ICI therapy and to come up with a different explanation for the unexplained clinical observations. The goal of this review is to alert the clinical field about the danger and irreversible damages that wrongly used ICI antibodies may cause, and at the same time to introduce some preliminary criteria to select proper patient for the benefits and to avoid the harms of ICI therapy.
{"title":"The Blocking vs Depletion Model of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Cancer","authors":"K. Tsung, Zhang Xu, Zhang Hui","doi":"10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)163","url":null,"abstract":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) therapy is the most exciting development in cancer treatments in recent years. As of the end of 2021, more than a hundred of clinical trials have been carried out by several major drug makers and research hospitals all over the world just to explore the use of ICI antibodies in almost every type of cancer and under various clinical settings. These clinical trials have resulted waves of good news in every year’s major academic conferences and FDA approvals, and now ICI therapy is in the move to take over traditional therapy to become the major player in clinical management of cancer. On the other hand, most of these clinical trials have failed to show clear benefits in most cancer patients, and only few have been reported in public. In real-world clinical setting, ICI antibodies are being massively and sometimes abusively prescribed for almost every desperate situation with clear clinical benefit in only a few (<10%). Yet, the enthusiasm behind ICI therapy is not dampened by the massive clinical failure but has been growing. The reason for the consistent enthusiasm among clinicians and patients is the miracle-like clinical responses seen in some of the responders that even including late-stage hopeless cases. Every clinician wants to repeat this miracle in the next seemingly identical patient, and every patient and their family members want to believe that they are in line for that miracle. But the reality is disheartening in that clinicians do not see the predictable repeat of miracle-like responses in seemingly identical patients and most patients selecting ICI therapy as the last straw in life did not benefit from it, if not hurt by it. What then are the reasons that ICI therapy is so impressive when working and so unpredictable in responses? This review attempts to draw some mechanistic aspects based on our own experiences in ICI therapy and to come up with a different explanation for the unexplained clinical observations. The goal of this review is to alert the clinical field about the danger and irreversible damages that wrongly used ICI antibodies may cause, and at the same time to introduce some preliminary criteria to select proper patient for the benefits and to avoid the harms of ICI therapy.","PeriodicalId":372137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130375141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)161
Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad, I. Elemam, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide, gastric cancer remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Gastric intestinal metaplasia, an intermediate step in gastric carcinogenesis, is generally regarded as a pre-malignant lesion. Gastric intestinal metaplasia is a precancerous modification of the mucosa of the stomach with intestinal epithelium and is associated with an expanded danger of dysplasia and cancer. The study aimed to compare and evaluate the combined alcian blue –PAS and Hematoxylin and Eosin, in the detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia among Sudanese patients with chronic gastritis. Two hundred tissue sections were cut from 100 formalin-fixed paraffinembedded Blocks (n=100) were collected from patients who attended El-mek Nimir University Hospital & Specialized Centers at Shendi locality- River Nile State between June to December 2021, and thereafter processed and examined histopathologically, all blocks were cut into (3 micrometers) by using SLEE-MAINZ,-CUT4060 microtome. And spread in a water bath then put in coated glass slides, then all sections deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated through descending grade of alcohols, then water.100 tissue sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin technique and 100 were stained by combined alcian blue –PAS stain technique. Combine Alcian blue & PAS is more detected the Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia compared to H& E was observed among chronic gastritis patients in Combine Alcian blue & PAS technique positive in 19 (19%) cases and negative in 81(81%) , by routine H& E is positive in 11 (11%) , cases and negative in 89 (89%) cases and the overall prevalence of gastric intestinal Metaplasia was 19%, from which 12 (63.1%) among female, and 7 (36.8%) were male and the age they classify into three groups A (10-40 years) group B (41-70 years) group C (71-100 years) the result of GIM positive rate was found 2 (6.6) , 10(23.3%) , 7 (25.9%) respectively. On the other hand, the sensitivity of H& E in the detection of (GIM) was 70.3 % and specificity was 100%. The study concluded that combining Alcian blue & PAS is more detected and sensitive in the detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia among Sudanese Patients with chronic gastritis compared to H& E. Additionally, The most positive rate was among females and within the age group (41-70) years old was observed. This may direct the clinicians and researchers to it could be better to use combined Alcian blue & PAS in diagnosing Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and look for more information about the detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia.
{"title":"Comparison and Evaluation of the Combine Alcian Blue -PAS and Hematoxylin and Eosin in the Detection of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia among Sudanese Patients with Chronic Gastritis","authors":"Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad, I. Elemam, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf","doi":"10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)161","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide, gastric cancer remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Gastric intestinal metaplasia, an intermediate step in gastric carcinogenesis, is generally regarded as a pre-malignant lesion. Gastric intestinal metaplasia is a precancerous modification of the mucosa of the stomach with intestinal epithelium and is associated with an expanded danger of dysplasia and cancer. The study aimed to compare and evaluate the combined alcian blue –PAS and Hematoxylin and Eosin, in the detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia among Sudanese patients with chronic gastritis. Two hundred tissue sections were cut from 100 formalin-fixed paraffinembedded Blocks (n=100) were collected from patients who attended El-mek Nimir University Hospital & Specialized Centers at Shendi locality- River Nile State between June to December 2021, and thereafter processed and examined histopathologically, all blocks were cut into (3 micrometers) by using SLEE-MAINZ,-CUT4060 microtome. And spread in a water bath then put in coated glass slides, then all sections deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated through descending grade of alcohols, then water.100 tissue sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin technique and 100 were stained by combined alcian blue –PAS stain technique. Combine Alcian blue & PAS is more detected the Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia compared to H& E was observed among chronic gastritis patients in Combine Alcian blue & PAS technique positive in 19 (19%) cases and negative in 81(81%) , by routine H& E is positive in 11 (11%) , cases and negative in 89 (89%) cases and the overall prevalence of gastric intestinal Metaplasia was 19%, from which 12 (63.1%) among female, and 7 (36.8%) were male and the age they classify into three groups A (10-40 years) group B (41-70 years) group C (71-100 years) the result of GIM positive rate was found 2 (6.6) , 10(23.3%) , 7 (25.9%) respectively. On the other hand, the sensitivity of H& E in the detection of (GIM) was 70.3 % and specificity was 100%. The study concluded that combining Alcian blue & PAS is more detected and sensitive in the detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia among Sudanese Patients with chronic gastritis compared to H& E. Additionally, The most positive rate was among females and within the age group (41-70) years old was observed. This may direct the clinicians and researchers to it could be better to use combined Alcian blue & PAS in diagnosing Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and look for more information about the detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia.","PeriodicalId":372137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124990915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)158
A. Basu, J. Kumar, Areendam Barua
Minimally invasive approaches like Endoscopic and Robotics in head and neck cancers has got a wide area of application in managing Oral cavity, pharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, Laryngeal tumours, Sinus & Base of skull tumours and Thyroid &Parathyroid tumours. Transoral approaches allow easy access to these secluded sites and removal of tumours with minimal complications. Till today surgery has remained the only curative modality in head and neck cancer. With the availability of Endoscopy, laparoscopy and Robotic systems patients requiring major surgeries for small tumours can now be offered surgery with limited human resources, good aesthetic& cosmetic outcome with better patient compliance. The MIS is still a grey area of head and neck surgeries so we like to have a comprehensive review on the evolution and recent advances in MIS.
{"title":"Evolution and Recent Advances in MIS in Head and Neck Cancers: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"A. Basu, J. Kumar, Areendam Barua","doi":"10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)158","url":null,"abstract":"Minimally invasive approaches like Endoscopic and Robotics in head and neck cancers has got a wide area of application in managing Oral cavity, pharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, Laryngeal tumours, Sinus & Base of skull tumours and Thyroid &Parathyroid tumours. Transoral approaches allow easy access to these secluded sites and removal of tumours with minimal complications. Till today surgery has remained the only curative modality in head and neck cancer. With the availability of Endoscopy, laparoscopy and Robotic systems patients requiring major surgeries for small tumours can now be offered surgery with limited human resources, good aesthetic& cosmetic outcome with better patient compliance. The MIS is still a grey area of head and neck surgeries so we like to have a comprehensive review on the evolution and recent advances in MIS.","PeriodicalId":372137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128292870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)159
Ghamrawi W, Hermena S, Fra nk
Aim: Prolonged operative timing is likely to negatively impact clinical outcomes and accurate preoperative prediction of those likely to undergo longer procedures can assist theatre planning and postoperative care. We aimed to apply artificial neural networks (ANN) as a predictive tool for prolonged operating time in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Methods: A dedicated, prospectively populated database of elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery with curative intent was utilised. Primary endpoint was the prediction of operative time. Variables included in the network were: age, gender, ASA, BMI, stage, location of cancer, and neoadjuvant therapy. A multi-layered perceptron ANN (MLPNN) model was trained and tested alongside unit and multivariate analyses. Results: Data from 554 patients were included. 400 (72.2%) were used for ANN training and 154 (27.8%) to test predictive accuracy. 59.3% male, mean age 70 years, and BMI of 26. 161 (29%) were ASA III. 261 (47%) had rectal cancer and 8.5% underwent neoadjuvant treatment. Mean operative time was 218 minutes (95% CI 210-226) with 436 (78.7%) of less than 5 hours and 16% conversion rate. ANN accurately identified and predicted operative timing overall 87%, and those having surgery less than 5 hours with an accuracy of 93.3%; AUC 0.843 and 93.3%. The ANN findings were accurately cross-validated with a logistic regression model. Conclusion: Artificial neural network using patient demographic and tumour data successfully predicted the timing of surgery and the likelihood of prolonged laparoscopic procedures. This finding could assist the personalisation of peri-operative care to enhance the efficiency of theatre utilisation.
目的:延长手术时间可能会对临床结果产生负面影响，准确的术前预测可能需要更长时间的手术可以帮助手术室计划和术后护理。我们的目的是应用人工神经网络(ANN)作为腹腔镜结直肠手术中延长手术时间的预测工具。方法:一个专门的，前瞻性填充数据库择期腹腔镜结直肠癌手术治疗目的被使用。主要终点为预测手术时间。纳入网络的变量包括:年龄、性别、ASA、BMI、分期、癌症部位和新辅助治疗。通过单元分析和多变量分析对多层感知器神经网络(MLPNN)模型进行了训练和测试。结果:纳入了554例患者的数据。400个(72.2%)用于人工神经网络训练，154个(27.8%)用于测试预测准确性。59.3%男性，平均年龄70岁，BMI为26。161例(29%)为ASA III型。261人(47%)患有直肠癌，8.5%接受了新辅助治疗。平均手术时间218分钟(95% CI 210 ~ 226)，其中436例(78.7%)少于5小时，转换率为16%。ANN准确识别和预测手术时间的准确率为87%，手术时间小于5小时的准确率为93.3%;AUC为0.843和93.3%。人工神经网络的研究结果与逻辑回归模型进行了准确的交叉验证。结论:人工神经网络利用患者人口统计学和肿瘤数据成功预测手术时机和延长腹腔镜手术的可能性。这一发现有助于围手术期护理的个性化，以提高手术室的利用率。
{"title":"Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Prolonged Operative Timing during Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery","authors":"Ghamrawi W, Hermena S, Fra nk","doi":"10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)159","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Prolonged operative timing is likely to negatively impact clinical outcomes and accurate preoperative prediction of those likely to undergo longer procedures can assist theatre planning and postoperative care. We aimed to apply artificial neural networks (ANN) as a predictive tool for prolonged operating time in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Methods: A dedicated, prospectively populated database of elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery with curative intent was utilised. Primary endpoint was the prediction of operative time. Variables included in the network were: age, gender, ASA, BMI, stage, location of cancer, and neoadjuvant therapy. A multi-layered perceptron ANN (MLPNN) model was trained and tested alongside unit and multivariate analyses. Results: Data from 554 patients were included. 400 (72.2%) were used for ANN training and 154 (27.8%) to test predictive accuracy. 59.3% male, mean age 70 years, and BMI of 26. 161 (29%) were ASA III. 261 (47%) had rectal cancer and 8.5% underwent neoadjuvant treatment. Mean operative time was 218 minutes (95% CI 210-226) with 436 (78.7%) of less than 5 hours and 16% conversion rate. ANN accurately identified and predicted operative timing overall 87%, and those having surgery less than 5 hours with an accuracy of 93.3%; AUC 0.843 and 93.3%. The ANN findings were accurately cross-validated with a logistic regression model. Conclusion: Artificial neural network using patient demographic and tumour data successfully predicted the timing of surgery and the likelihood of prolonged laparoscopic procedures. This finding could assist the personalisation of peri-operative care to enhance the efficiency of theatre utilisation.","PeriodicalId":372137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133673060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)156
A. H. Khan
When a new discovery brings a seismic shift in our old thinking, what price do we pay? This abstract describes the creation of Life in the Lab. The day we discovered that the RNA, a molecule that codes for Life, can self-replicate, self-organize and self-evolve, it also has the ability not only to store the information like DNA, can catalyze reaction like protein, we know that we embark on a New-World Order to create Life in the Lab. The New World Order would be based on the truth, experimental evidence, facts, reproducible and verifiable results. The Old Word Order of the seven-day creation of Life on Earth was imagined by our elders based on beliefs, fiction, magic, mystery without any evidence without any verifiable proofs. What the New World Order discovered is that the essence of Life is information, and the information is located on four organic molecules called nucleotides and they are Adenine, Thiamine, Guanine and Cytosine. They are found in the nucleus of all living creatures from a tiny blade of grass to mighty Elephant including, Man, Mouse, Monkey and Microbes. The greatest achievement is that we could not only synthesize these molecules in our Labs, but also, we could arrange them in a specific order of three letter called Codon which codes for an Amino acid. The four-nucleotide text could be arranged in sixty-four different combinations to code for all twenty amino acids to make proteins that perform all our body functions. Thousands of proteins interact to make a Cell. Millions of Cells interact to make a Tissue and hundreds of Tissues interact to make an Organ and several Organs interact to make a Human. Once we synthesize RNA molecule in the Lab, we can create novel microbial life forms, a series of biological machines which carry instructions to produce new food, new fuel, and new medicine to treat every disease known to mankind.
{"title":"The Impact of Sequencing Human Genome on the New-World Order","authors":"A. H. Khan","doi":"10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)156","url":null,"abstract":"When a new discovery brings a seismic shift in our old thinking, what price do we pay? This abstract describes the creation of Life in the Lab. The day we discovered that the RNA, a molecule that codes for Life, can self-replicate, self-organize and self-evolve, it also has the ability not only to store the information like DNA, can catalyze reaction like protein, we know that we embark on a New-World Order to create Life in the Lab. The New World Order would be based on the truth, experimental evidence, facts, reproducible and verifiable results. The Old Word Order of the seven-day creation of Life on Earth was imagined by our elders based on beliefs, fiction, magic, mystery without any evidence without any verifiable proofs. What the New World Order discovered is that the essence of Life is information, and the information is located on four organic molecules called nucleotides and they are Adenine, Thiamine, Guanine and Cytosine. They are found in the nucleus of all living creatures from a tiny blade of grass to mighty Elephant including, Man, Mouse, Monkey and Microbes. The greatest achievement is that we could not only synthesize these molecules in our Labs, but also, we could arrange them in a specific order of three letter called Codon which codes for an Amino acid. The four-nucleotide text could be arranged in sixty-four different combinations to code for all twenty amino acids to make proteins that perform all our body functions. Thousands of proteins interact to make a Cell. Millions of Cells interact to make a Tissue and hundreds of Tissues interact to make an Organ and several Organs interact to make a Human. Once we synthesize RNA molecule in the Lab, we can create novel microbial life forms, a series of biological machines which carry instructions to produce new food, new fuel, and new medicine to treat every disease known to mankind.","PeriodicalId":372137,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cancer Research Reviews & Reports","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125729617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.47363/jcrr/2022(4)157
R. Gomes
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the predominant site of extra nodal lymphoma involvement. Gastric lymphoma is the most common extra nodal site of lymphoma. Most of these lesions are either extra nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type or diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Primary gastric lymphoma accounts for less than 5% of gastric cancers. They are usually non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL), but have been considered as a separate entity from NHLs of peripheral nodes. The diagnosis of primary lymphoma of stomach requires histological confirmation without any evidence of peripheral lymphadenopathy or organomegaly. Secondary gastric lymphoma indicates the involvement of the stomach by a diffuse lymphoma developed elsewhere. We report a 60 years old male presented with intermittent vomiting and reflux symptoms. Upper GI endoscopy showed large hard mass with superficial ulceration in the fundus of stomach. Histopathology showed lymphoproliferative disorder. Immunohistochemistry confirmed positive CD 20 and BCL 2 suggestive of extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma. Subsequently, he was referred to surgery and oncology department for further management.
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