to study the features of public-private partnership in the field of housing and communal services in order to develop theoretical and practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms of public-private partnership in the field of housing and communal services.
{"title":"Public-Private Partnership","authors":"D. Dzgoeva, Savelchev Leonid Aleksandrovich","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3741204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3741204","url":null,"abstract":"to study the features of public-private partnership in the field of housing and communal services in order to develop theoretical and practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms of public-private partnership in the field of housing and communal services.","PeriodicalId":372426,"journal":{"name":"Andrew Young: Department of Public Management & Policy (Topic)","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128562519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaushik Ghosh, Abhisita Chakraborty, A. Sinha, M. Mukhopadhyay
The Indian Economic Surveys 2018-19 and 2019-20 views the economy in either a virtuous or a vicious cycle of Savings, investment & export with investment and export as the key drivers of the cycles. The current paper focuses on the dilemma of choosing between the two alternatives, i.e., export led growth and investment led growth in light of the Indian Economic Surveys. A comparative study has been conducted to provide a guideline for choosing the optimal mix of growth models, its potential impact on variables of economic growth, choosing the appropriate sector for each model along with the rationale of framing monetary, fiscal and trade policies adopted at macroeconomic, sector and industry level that uses an admixture of the three-fold growth strategies. The current discourse concludes with a rationale of adopting a mixture of export led and investment led growth in the national growth model in the light of the facts and figures provided in the two Economic Surveys of 2018-19 and 2019-20.
{"title":"A Review Paper on India’s Macroeconomic Focus on Export Versus Investment Led Growth Strategies – Issues and Implications","authors":"Kaushik Ghosh, Abhisita Chakraborty, A. Sinha, M. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3567181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3567181","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian Economic Surveys 2018-19 and 2019-20 views the economy in either a virtuous or a vicious cycle of Savings, investment & export with investment and export as the key drivers of the cycles. The current paper focuses on the dilemma of choosing between the two alternatives, i.e., export led growth and investment led growth in light of the Indian Economic Surveys. A comparative study has been conducted to provide a guideline for choosing the optimal mix of growth models, its potential impact on variables of economic growth, choosing the appropriate sector for each model along with the rationale of framing monetary, fiscal and trade policies adopted at macroeconomic, sector and industry level that uses an admixture of the three-fold growth strategies. The current discourse concludes with a rationale of adopting a mixture of export led and investment led growth in the national growth model in the light of the facts and figures provided in the two Economic Surveys of 2018-19 and 2019-20.","PeriodicalId":372426,"journal":{"name":"Andrew Young: Department of Public Management & Policy (Topic)","volume":"36 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125992297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frequently, scholars and decision-makers criticize behavioral public policies for infringing on behavioral autonomy. This paper provides evidence from an online framed field experiment, in which participants encountered a recommendation, a default value, or a mandatory minimum contribution accompanied by varying information on the regulator, before contributing to climate protection and answering an autonomy-related questionnaire. Our findings show that decision-makers perceive defaults as more freedom threatening but not more annoying than recommendations. They perceive mandatory minimum contributions as more threatening to freedom and annoying than defaults. Intrinsic motivation moderates these differences. Framing the regulator as an expert reduces perceived threat to freedom and felt anger, while political source framing has no effect. We also provide suggestive, exploratory, correlational evidence on potential reasons that defaults reduce contributions more than other interventions for highly motivated people. A mediated moderation analysis shows that this is partly because subjects rate the default as more threatening and because this makes them angry. However, the latter finding has important caveats and demands for future research. Findings improve our understanding of how the effectiveness of behavioral interventions depends on decision-makers' perceptions and how this can be leveraged by policymakers.
{"title":"The Role of Autonomy and Reactance for Nudging - Experimentally Comparing Defaults to Recommendations and Mandates","authors":"Hendrik Bruns, Grischa Perino","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3442465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3442465","url":null,"abstract":"Frequently, scholars and decision-makers criticize behavioral public policies for infringing on behavioral autonomy. This paper provides evidence from an online framed field experiment, in which participants encountered a recommendation, a default value, or a mandatory minimum contribution accompanied by varying information on the regulator, before contributing to climate protection and answering an autonomy-related questionnaire. Our findings show that decision-makers perceive defaults as more freedom threatening but not more annoying than recommendations. They perceive mandatory minimum contributions as more threatening to freedom and annoying than defaults. Intrinsic motivation moderates these differences. Framing the regulator as an expert reduces perceived threat to freedom and felt anger, while political source framing has no effect. We also provide suggestive, exploratory, correlational evidence on potential reasons that defaults reduce contributions more than other interventions for highly motivated people. A mediated moderation analysis shows that this is partly because subjects rate the default as more threatening and because this makes them angry. However, the latter finding has important caveats and demands for future research. Findings improve our understanding of how the effectiveness of behavioral interventions depends on decision-makers' perceptions and how this can be leveraged by policymakers.","PeriodicalId":372426,"journal":{"name":"Andrew Young: Department of Public Management & Policy (Topic)","volume":"396 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125396829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amid rising criticism of aid effectiveness coupled with tight budgets in many donor countries at a time of economic crisis, donor agencies are under pressure to deliver value for money and to demonstrate development results. In response to these pressures, more and more donor agencies are adopting standard indicators, which allow for results to be aggregated across interventions and countries, in order to report agency-wide results. This paper analyses the reporting practices of ten bilateral and multilateral donor agencies and assesses the implications of agency-wide results measurement systems for aid effectiveness. The analysis shows that the data on aggregate results provided by donor agencies is only of limited informational value and does not provide an adequate basis for holding donor agencies to account. Moreover, reporting on agency-wide results may have a number of adverse effects. Given the various limitations and risks identified in this paper, I suggest that donor agencies should explore complementary options or alternatives to standard indicators in order to meet their reporting requirements. Donor agencies are advised to invest more in rigorous impact evaluations, to raise the transparency of individual interventions and to incorporate beneficiary feedback more systematically into their monitoring and evaluation efforts.
{"title":"Boosting or Hindering Aid Effectiveness? An Assessment of Systems for Measuring Agency Results","authors":"Sarah Holzapfel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2546240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2546240","url":null,"abstract":"Amid rising criticism of aid effectiveness coupled with tight budgets in many donor countries at a time of economic crisis, donor agencies are under pressure to deliver value for money and to demonstrate development results. In response to these pressures, more and more donor agencies are adopting standard indicators, which allow for results to be aggregated across interventions and countries, in order to report agency-wide results. This paper analyses the reporting practices of ten bilateral and multilateral donor agencies and assesses the implications of agency-wide results measurement systems for aid effectiveness. The analysis shows that the data on aggregate results provided by donor agencies is only of limited informational value and does not provide an adequate basis for holding donor agencies to account. Moreover, reporting on agency-wide results may have a number of adverse effects. Given the various limitations and risks identified in this paper, I suggest that donor agencies should explore complementary options or alternatives to standard indicators in order to meet their reporting requirements. Donor agencies are advised to invest more in rigorous impact evaluations, to raise the transparency of individual interventions and to incorporate beneficiary feedback more systematically into their monitoring and evaluation efforts.","PeriodicalId":372426,"journal":{"name":"Andrew Young: Department of Public Management & Policy (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123433390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the impact of the Child Support Performance and Incentive Act (CSPIA) of 1998 on child support enforcement goals that are rewarded financially as well as outcomes that are not rewarded. I am able to reconstruct three of the five performance measures explicitly rewarded by CSPIA as well as two of the five measures which were considered for financial rewards, but were ultimately rejected and are not rewarded. Using a panel interrupted time-series model with state fixed effects and state-specific trends, this paper finds that CSPIA had a modest positive impact on two rewarded performance goals-current support and cost-effectiveness. CSPIA also negatively impacted an unrewarded child support outcome-collections sent to other states. This suggests that CSPIA had an ambiguous impact on child support performance, on balance. These results provide more evidence to the ongoing policy debate about the ability of performance systems to improve government performance. It also suggests that reforming performance systems in response to perceived problems ("second-generation" performance systems) may create new gaming responses.
{"title":"The Effect of the Child Support Performance and Incentive Act of 1998 on Rewarded and Unrewarded Performance Goals","authors":"E. Gerrish","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2476033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2476033","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of the Child Support Performance and Incentive Act (CSPIA) of 1998 on child support enforcement goals that are rewarded financially as well as outcomes that are not rewarded. I am able to reconstruct three of the five performance measures explicitly rewarded by CSPIA as well as two of the five measures which were considered for financial rewards, but were ultimately rejected and are not rewarded. Using a panel interrupted time-series model with state fixed effects and state-specific trends, this paper finds that CSPIA had a modest positive impact on two rewarded performance goals-current support and cost-effectiveness. CSPIA also negatively impacted an unrewarded child support outcome-collections sent to other states. This suggests that CSPIA had an ambiguous impact on child support performance, on balance. These results provide more evidence to the ongoing policy debate about the ability of performance systems to improve government performance. It also suggests that reforming performance systems in response to perceived problems (\"second-generation\" performance systems) may create new gaming responses.","PeriodicalId":372426,"journal":{"name":"Andrew Young: Department of Public Management & Policy (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114337290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on how the residential segregation of immigrant populations has impacted their labor market outcomes presents many challenges because of the fact that immigrants often choose to locate near co-ethnics to share resources and cultural amenities. Because not all immigrants choose to live in these ethnic communities, identification of a causal effect on living in an ethnic community is difficult. The estimation of an effect of living in these ethnic communities is also difficult because it is ambiguous whether such residence will help or harm the labor market outcomes of immigrants. This study implements a number of approaches to help identify a causal effect, including using sample of adults whose residential location is plausibly exogenous with respect to their labor market outcomes and using the current recession as a source of exogenous variation. Results suggest that residence in an ethnic community after the recession increases the likelihood of working, albeit with longer commutes.
{"title":"Does Residence in an Ethnic Community Help Immigrants in a Recession?","authors":"Pengyu Zhu, Cathy Yang Liu, Gary D. Painter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2235830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2235830","url":null,"abstract":"Research on how the residential segregation of immigrant populations has impacted their labor market outcomes presents many challenges because of the fact that immigrants often choose to locate near co-ethnics to share resources and cultural amenities. Because not all immigrants choose to live in these ethnic communities, identification of a causal effect on living in an ethnic community is difficult. The estimation of an effect of living in these ethnic communities is also difficult because it is ambiguous whether such residence will help or harm the labor market outcomes of immigrants. This study implements a number of approaches to help identify a causal effect, including using sample of adults whose residential location is plausibly exogenous with respect to their labor market outcomes and using the current recession as a source of exogenous variation. Results suggest that residence in an ethnic community after the recession increases the likelihood of working, albeit with longer commutes.","PeriodicalId":372426,"journal":{"name":"Andrew Young: Department of Public Management & Policy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131233162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors investigate the impact of racial diversity and segregation on white voter support for a comprehensive, progressive tax reform, focusing on a 2003 referendum held in Alabama, which if approved would have raised substantial additional revenues for public education and at the same time greatly increased the progressivity of the tax system. The authors use King's method of ecological inference to obtain estimates of white and black support for the referendum proposal and then attempt to explain the variance across counties in white voter support. Findings show that the degree of racial segregation, rather than the proportion of blacks in a given county, is most critical in predicting support for the referendum among whites at the county level.
{"title":"Social Context and Voting Over Taxes: Evidence from a Referendum in Alabama","authors":"Christine H. Roch, Michael Rushton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.890715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.890715","url":null,"abstract":"The authors investigate the impact of racial diversity and segregation on white voter support for a comprehensive, progressive tax reform, focusing on a 2003 referendum held in Alabama, which if approved would have raised substantial additional revenues for public education and at the same time greatly increased the progressivity of the tax system. The authors use King's method of ecological inference to obtain estimates of white and black support for the referendum proposal and then attempt to explain the variance across counties in white voter support. Findings show that the degree of racial segregation, rather than the proportion of blacks in a given county, is most critical in predicting support for the referendum among whites at the county level.","PeriodicalId":372426,"journal":{"name":"Andrew Young: Department of Public Management & Policy (Topic)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spanish Abstract: El presente documento tiene como objetivo analizar la estructura laboral e identificar escenarios de afectacion por el Covid-19 en las trece principales ciudades de Colombia. Para tal fin se diseno un indice de riesgo a la perdida del empleo el cual se construyo desde caracteristicas asociadas a la actividad economica, la condicion contractual, el lugar de trabajo, la posicion ocupacional y las condiciones de formalidad. Entre los principales resultados se observa que el 23.4% de la poblacion ocupada se encuentra en riesgo de perder su empleo, lo cual significa que 2.533.856 de personas podrian quedarse sin trabajo a causa de las medias implementadas para contener el Covid-19. Entre los sectores mas afectados se encuentran comercio, hoteles y restaurantes, construccion y actividades inmobiliarias. Igualmente, entre las ciudades mas afectas por su dinamica economica y su estructura del mercado laboral se encuentran Cucuta, Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, Pasto y Cartagena de Indias. Por ultimo, el documento otorga una serie de proyecciones y recomendaciones enfocadas hacia hogares y empresas, con el fin de contrarrestar en la medida de lo posible los efectos del Covid-19 en la dinamica laboral y social de las principales ciudades. English Abstract: This study aims to analyze the labor market and identify how Covid-19 affects it. The analysis was carried out in the main Colombian cities. For this purpose, a risk index to job loss was made, which was constructed from characteristics associated with economic activity, contractual status, workplace, occupational position, and formality conditions. Among the main results, it is observed that 23.4% of the working population is at risk of losing their job, which means that 2.533.856 people could be losing their job because of the imposed government measures to contain Covid-19. The most affected sectors are commerce, hotels, restaurants, and construction. Likewise, cities as Cucuta, Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, Pasto, and Cartagena de Indias are the cities most affected. Lastly, the study provides several projections and recommendations focused on households and companies, to counteract as far as possible the effects of Covid-19 on the labor market.
摘要:本文件旨在分析哥伦比亚13个主要城市的劳动结构，确定Covid-19影响情景。这项研究的目的是确定失业风险指数，该指数是根据与经济活动、合同条件、工作场所、职业地位和正式条件相关的特征构建的。主要结果显示，23.4%的就业人口面临失业风险，这意味着由于采取了遏制Covid-19的措施，2533856人可能失业。受影响最严重的行业包括贸易、酒店和餐馆、建筑和房地产活动。同样，受经济动态和劳动力市场结构影响最严重的城市包括库库塔、巴兰基利亚、布卡拉曼加、帕斯托和卡塔赫纳德印第亚斯。最后，该文件提供了一系列针对家庭和企业的预测和建议，以尽可能应对Covid-19对主要城市劳动力和社会动态的影响。摘要:本研究旨在分析劳动力市场，并确定Covid-19如何影响劳动力市场。该分析在哥伦比亚主要城市进行。为此目的，根据与经济活动、合同地位、工作场所、职业地位和手续条件有关的特征，制定了失业风险指数。主要结果显示，23.4%的工作人口面临失业风险，这意味着2533856人可能因政府采取强制措施遏制Covid-19而失业。受影响最严重的行业是贸易、酒店、餐馆和建筑业。同样，Cucuta、Barranquilla、Bucaramanga、Pasto和Cartagena de Indias等城市也受到了最严重的影响。最后，该研究针对家庭和公司提供了一些预测和建议，以尽可能抵消Covid-19对劳动力市场的影响。
{"title":"Índice de riesgo a la pérdida del empleo en Colombia durante la coyuntura del COVID-19 (The Risk to Job Loss Index in Colombia during the COVID-19 Conjuncture)","authors":"Héctor Mauricio Serna-Gómez, Alejandro Barrera-Escobar, Edisson Stiven Castro-Escobar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3587200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3587200","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Abstract: El presente documento tiene como objetivo analizar la estructura laboral e identificar escenarios de afectacion por el Covid-19 en las trece principales ciudades de Colombia. Para tal fin se diseno un indice de riesgo a la perdida del empleo el cual se construyo desde caracteristicas asociadas a la actividad economica, la condicion contractual, el lugar de trabajo, la posicion ocupacional y las condiciones de formalidad. Entre los principales resultados se observa que el 23.4% de la poblacion ocupada se encuentra en riesgo de perder su empleo, lo cual significa que 2.533.856 de personas podrian quedarse sin trabajo a causa de las medias implementadas para contener el Covid-19. Entre los sectores mas afectados se encuentran comercio, hoteles y restaurantes, construccion y actividades inmobiliarias. Igualmente, entre las ciudades mas afectas por su dinamica economica y su estructura del mercado laboral se encuentran Cucuta, Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, Pasto y Cartagena de Indias. Por ultimo, el documento otorga una serie de proyecciones y recomendaciones enfocadas hacia hogares y empresas, con el fin de contrarrestar en la medida de lo posible los efectos del Covid-19 en la dinamica laboral y social de las principales ciudades. English Abstract: This study aims to analyze the labor market and identify how Covid-19 affects it. The analysis was carried out in the main Colombian cities. For this purpose, a risk index to job loss was made, which was constructed from characteristics associated with economic activity, contractual status, workplace, occupational position, and formality conditions. Among the main results, it is observed that 23.4% of the working population is at risk of losing their job, which means that 2.533.856 people could be losing their job because of the imposed government measures to contain Covid-19. The most affected sectors are commerce, hotels, restaurants, and construction. Likewise, cities as Cucuta, Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, Pasto, and Cartagena de Indias are the cities most affected. Lastly, the study provides several projections and recommendations focused on households and companies, to counteract as far as possible the effects of Covid-19 on the labor market.","PeriodicalId":372426,"journal":{"name":"Andrew Young: Department of Public Management & Policy (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134082950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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