Pub Date : 2024-11-19eCollection Date: 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1159/000542629
Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira
{"title":"Mental Health as a Polysemic Construct? Revisiting the Debate about University Students' Unmet Needs.","authors":"Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira","doi":"10.1159/000542629","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542629","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"42 3","pages":"165-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25eCollection Date: 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1159/000540039
Alberto J Alves, João L Viana
{"title":"The Potential of Physical Activity for the Control of Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cancer: An Often-Overlooked Ally for Public Health and Healthcare Management.","authors":"Alberto J Alves, João L Viana","doi":"10.1159/000540039","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"42 2","pages":"81-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11498911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Pedrosa, Graça Cardoso, S. Azeredo-Lopes, M. Gonçalves-Pereira, D. Aluh, Ugnė Grigaitė, Margarida Santos-Dias, Manuela Silva, J. Caldas-de-Almeida
Introduction: Few studies analysed the impact of COVID-19 on supported accommodations (SAs) for people with serious mental disorders. This study aimed to analyse staff’s assessments of work challenges in SAs during COVID-19, the impact of the pandemic on staff, their perception of the impact on residents, and associated factors. Methods: To assess work challenges and the impact of the pandemic on staff and their perception of the impact on residents, a questionnaire was administered to the staff of SAs. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted, involving work challenges and staff’s sociodemographic characteristics, and impact on staff. Results: In total, 117 staff from 32 SAs responded. A challenging environment was felt by most participants (68.4%). There were significant differences in work challenges experienced by staff, namely, according to profession and years working in mental health. A negative impact of COVID-19 was reported by 26.5% of staff, which was associated with their feeling that residents were no longer getting an acceptable service (OR = 7.04, 95% CI [1.43, 34.65], p = 0.016) and with staff feeling at risk of infection at work (OR = 7.99, 95% CI [1.39, 45.86], p = 0.020). Relapse and deterioration of residents’ mental health were perceived by 43.6% of staff. Conclusions: Several work challenges occurred in SAs during COVID-19, which had a negative impact on staff and reportedly on residents. Implications range from the organisational to the clinical levels and may apply internationally and in similarly challenging situations.
{"title":"Supported Accommodations for People with Serious Mental Disorders: Staff’s Assessment of Work Challenges and Their Impact during COVID-19","authors":"B. Pedrosa, Graça Cardoso, S. Azeredo-Lopes, M. Gonçalves-Pereira, D. Aluh, Ugnė Grigaitė, Margarida Santos-Dias, Manuela Silva, J. Caldas-de-Almeida","doi":"10.1159/000539431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000539431","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Few studies analysed the impact of COVID-19 on supported accommodations (SAs) for people with serious mental disorders. This study aimed to analyse staff’s assessments of work challenges in SAs during COVID-19, the impact of the pandemic on staff, their perception of the impact on residents, and associated factors. Methods: To assess work challenges and the impact of the pandemic on staff and their perception of the impact on residents, a questionnaire was administered to the staff of SAs. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted, involving work challenges and staff’s sociodemographic characteristics, and impact on staff. Results: In total, 117 staff from 32 SAs responded. A challenging environment was felt by most participants (68.4%). There were significant differences in work challenges experienced by staff, namely, according to profession and years working in mental health. A negative impact of COVID-19 was reported by 26.5% of staff, which was associated with their feeling that residents were no longer getting an acceptable service (OR = 7.04, 95% CI [1.43, 34.65], p = 0.016) and with staff feeling at risk of infection at work (OR = 7.99, 95% CI [1.39, 45.86], p = 0.020). Relapse and deterioration of residents’ mental health were perceived by 43.6% of staff. Conclusions: Several work challenges occurred in SAs during COVID-19, which had a negative impact on staff and reportedly on residents. Implications range from the organisational to the clinical levels and may apply internationally and in similarly challenging situations.","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ricoca Peixoto, Berta Grau-Pujol, Matilde Ourique, Renato Lourenço da Silva, Mariana Ferreira, Ana Firme, Alexis Sentís, Paula Vasconcelos
Background: Epidemic intelligence (EI) ensures early detection, assessment, and communication of public health threats. Threat reporting defines priorities and mobilize resources for surveillance, prevention, and control. In Portugal, the Directorate-General of Health (DGS) is responsible for EI and publishes a weekly public health threat report (RONDA). Changes in threats in regular threat reports since COVID-19 have not been previously described. We analysed changes in non-COVID threat reporting in the weekly threat report. Methods: Using the DGS Emergency Operations Centre’s threat reporting database, we compared threats reported in RONDAs from 2016 to 2022 in three sequential periods: P1 before COVID-19 (January 2016–March 2020), P2 during acute COVID-19 restrictions (April 2020–February 2022), and P3 in post-acute COVID-19 phase (February 2022–September 2022). We described the monthly average frequency of reports on non-COVID-19 threats in those periods considering different disease groups, geographical focus, and information sources. We estimated expected non-COVID-19 reports on threats using a forecast model fitted to the time series until March 2020 and compared observed and expected values. Results: Non-COVID-19 threats had a decrease in the monthly average frequency of reporting in period 2 (x¯1: 4.7 vs. x¯: 2.3, p < 0.001) compared to period 1. Using the forecast methods, there were 114 fewer non-COVID threats than the 162 expected (−70%) in period 2. In period 3, there were 105 more threats than expected (+256%). The ECDC and the WHO were the most frequent sources of information followed by national Public Health sources. Conclusions: During COVID-19, there was a decrease in reports on non-COVID threats in Portugal. COVID-19 possibly affected global EI, by shifting attention and resources from other threats to the pandemic. However, the number of threats that warrant follow-up and communication is increasing. Further research is necessary to inform the EI research and development agenda, to ensure that all relevant threats are detected, accessed, and communicated according to evolving EI objectives and priorities while resources and preparedness are guaranteed.
{"title":"Epidemic Intelligence Threat Reporting Profile in Portugal during the COVID-19: 2 Years of Decrease in Reporting on Non-COVID-19 Threats","authors":"V. Ricoca Peixoto, Berta Grau-Pujol, Matilde Ourique, Renato Lourenço da Silva, Mariana Ferreira, Ana Firme, Alexis Sentís, Paula Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1159/000539616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000539616","url":null,"abstract":"<b><i>Background:</i></b> Epidemic intelligence (EI) ensures early detection, assessment, and communication of public health threats. Threat reporting defines priorities and mobilize resources for surveillance, prevention, and control. In Portugal, the Directorate-General of Health (DGS) is responsible for EI and publishes a weekly public health threat report (RONDA). Changes in threats in regular threat reports since COVID-19 have not been previously described. We analysed changes in non-COVID threat reporting in the weekly threat report. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Using the DGS Emergency Operations Centre’s threat reporting database, we compared threats reported in RONDAs from 2016 to 2022 in three sequential periods: P1 before COVID-19 (January 2016–March 2020), P2 during acute COVID-19 restrictions (April 2020–February 2022), and P3 in post-acute COVID-19 phase (February 2022–September 2022). We described the monthly average frequency of reports on non-COVID-19 threats in those periods considering different disease groups, geographical focus, and information sources. We estimated expected non-COVID-19 reports on threats using a forecast model fitted to the time series until March 2020 and compared observed and expected values. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Non-COVID-19 threats had a decrease in the monthly average frequency of reporting in period 2 (<inline-formula><mml:math id=\"m1\" xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent=\"true\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>: 4.7 vs. <inline-formula><mml:math id=\"m2\" xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent=\"true\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>: 2.3, <i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to period 1. Using the forecast methods, there were 114 fewer non-COVID threats than the 162 expected (−70%) in period 2. In period 3, there were 105 more threats than expected (+256%). The ECDC and the WHO were the most frequent sources of information followed by national Public Health sources. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> During COVID-19, there was a decrease in reports on non-COVID threats in Portugal. COVID-19 possibly affected global EI, by shifting attention and resources from other threats to the pandemic. However, the number of threats that warrant follow-up and communication is increasing. Further research is necessary to inform the EI research and development agenda, to ensure that all relevant threats are detected, accessed, and communicated according to evolving EI objectives and priorities while resources and preparedness are guaranteed.","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"118 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141835185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20eCollection Date: 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1159/000537870
Patrícia Caeiros, Patrícia Pita Ferreira, José Chen-Xu, Rita Francisco, Miguel Telo de Arriaga
Health literacy, the ability to obtain and comprehend health knowledge, is essential to promote health and reduce disparities. Health communication aims to improve health by ensuring an effective understanding and application of health information. Despite current challenges, there are many opportunities for improving communication in the health literacy practice. Promoting communication in health literacy is essential in empowering individuals, improving outcomes, and reducing healthcare disparities. Effective communication enables access, comprehension, and informed decision-making of individuals and communities regarding their health, strengthening their central role in promoting health literacy. This paper highlights the challenges and opportunities in today's world, especially in a post-pandemic era, dominated by infodemic and social media influencers, while providing solutions, encompassing professional training of health professionals on communication, digital skills, and an overarching strategy across health institutions. Translating knowledge into health-promoting behaviors and well-being can only be effective by accounting for communication in health literacy.
{"title":"From Health Communication to Health Literacy: A Comprehensive Analysis of Relevance and Strategies.","authors":"Patrícia Caeiros, Patrícia Pita Ferreira, José Chen-Xu, Rita Francisco, Miguel Telo de Arriaga","doi":"10.1159/000537870","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000537870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health literacy, the ability to obtain and comprehend health knowledge, is essential to promote health and reduce disparities. Health communication aims to improve health by ensuring an effective understanding and application of health information. Despite current challenges, there are many opportunities for improving communication in the health literacy practice. Promoting communication in health literacy is essential in empowering individuals, improving outcomes, and reducing healthcare disparities. Effective communication enables access, comprehension, and informed decision-making of individuals and communities regarding their health, strengthening their central role in promoting health literacy. This paper highlights the challenges and opportunities in today's world, especially in a post-pandemic era, dominated by infodemic and social media influencers, while providing solutions, encompassing professional training of health professionals on communication, digital skills, and an overarching strategy across health institutions. Translating knowledge into health-promoting behaviors and well-being can only be effective by accounting for communication in health literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"42 2","pages":"159-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11498912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Increasing health literacy in people with chronic illness is essential to prevent disease complications and to promote responsible and conscious decision-making. Therefore, an audiovisual tool was developed to promote literacy about peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in a hospital setting, and a preliminary evaluation of the tool’s suitability was carried out. Material and Methods: The tool was developed by a multidisciplinary team. The preliminary assessment of the suitability study of an audiovisual tool was carried out with a sample of 7 patients with PAD admitted to an Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service and with a group of four professionals specialized in the subject (health literacy and PAD). The design, elaboration, and production of the audiovisual tool were based on a literature review, an informal focus group with patients, a communication model, and an empirical model of behavioral change. Through this preliminary suitability assessment study, we identified the suitability characteristics of this audiovisual tool that can be transmitted in waiting rooms and vascular surgery hospitalizations. The Suitable Assessment of Material (SAM) was used by professionals and patients to obtain different appropriateness factors for each of the 11 videos. Results: The audiovisual tool developed and built for patients with PAD proved to be accessible, understandable, and attractive for people with low levels of education. The patients were satisfied with the audiovisual tool and highlighted positive points, also reporting some suggestions for changes. Health professionals evaluated the 11 videos with a high level of adequacy ranging from 82% to 93.05% adequacy. Out of 19 factors (from the SAM), the quality of the illustrations, the presence of tables and lists, and stimulation and incentive to learning were the two dimensions scored as least appropriate/used. Conclusion: The audiovisual tool developed to improve health literacy on PAD presented preliminary suitability characteristics that make it a high-quality material to be used in future studies that evaluate the effectiveness of the tool with this population.
背景：提高慢性病患者的健康素养对于预防疾病并发症和促进负责任的自觉决策至关重要。因此，我们开发了一种视听工具，用于在医院环境中促进外周动脉疾病（PAD）知识的普及，并对该工具的适用性进行了初步评估。材料与方法：该工具由一个多学科团队开发。视听工具适用性研究的初步评估是在血管病学和血管外科服务处收治的 7 名 PAD 患者样本中进行的，并由四名该领域（健康知识普及和 PAD）的专业人士组成了一个小组。视听工具的设计、阐述和制作基于文献综述、与患者的非正式焦点小组、沟通模式和行为改变的实证模型。通过这项初步的适用性评估研究，我们确定了该视听工具的适用性特征，该工具可在候诊室和血管外科住院处传播。专业人员和患者使用了材料适宜性评估（SAM），以获得 11 个视频中每个视频的不同适宜性系数。结果：事实证明，为 PAD 患者开发和制作的视听工具对于受教育程度较低的人来说是易用、易懂和有吸引力的。患者对视听工具表示满意，并强调了一些积极的方面，同时也提出了一些修改建议。医疗专业人员对 11 部视频的评估结果为 82% 至 93.05% 的满意度。在 19 个因素（来自 SAM）中，插图的质量、表格和列表的存在以及对学习的刺激和激励是得分最低的两个方面。结论为提高 PAD 健康素养而开发的视听工具呈现出初步的适用性特征，使其成为一种高质量的材料，可用于未来评估该工具在这一人群中有效性的研究中。
{"title":"Development of an Audiovisual Tool on Peripheral Arterial Disease and Preliminary Suitability Assessment","authors":"Susana Pedras, Rafaela Oliveira, Ivone Silva","doi":"10.1159/000539072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000539072","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increasing health literacy in people with chronic illness is essential to prevent disease complications and to promote responsible and conscious decision-making. Therefore, an audiovisual tool was developed to promote literacy about peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in a hospital setting, and a preliminary evaluation of the tool’s suitability was carried out. Material and Methods: The tool was developed by a multidisciplinary team. The preliminary assessment of the suitability study of an audiovisual tool was carried out with a sample of 7 patients with PAD admitted to an Angiology and Vascular Surgery Service and with a group of four professionals specialized in the subject (health literacy and PAD). The design, elaboration, and production of the audiovisual tool were based on a literature review, an informal focus group with patients, a communication model, and an empirical model of behavioral change. Through this preliminary suitability assessment study, we identified the suitability characteristics of this audiovisual tool that can be transmitted in waiting rooms and vascular surgery hospitalizations. The Suitable Assessment of Material (SAM) was used by professionals and patients to obtain different appropriateness factors for each of the 11 videos. Results: The audiovisual tool developed and built for patients with PAD proved to be accessible, understandable, and attractive for people with low levels of education. The patients were satisfied with the audiovisual tool and highlighted positive points, also reporting some suggestions for changes. Health professionals evaluated the 11 videos with a high level of adequacy ranging from 82% to 93.05% adequacy. Out of 19 factors (from the SAM), the quality of the illustrations, the presence of tables and lists, and stimulation and incentive to learning were the two dimensions scored as least appropriate/used. Conclusion: The audiovisual tool developed to improve health literacy on PAD presented preliminary suitability characteristics that make it a high-quality material to be used in future studies that evaluate the effectiveness of the tool with this population.","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"5 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Literacy of health professionals on patient safety aims to prevent and reduce risks and adverse events in healthcare.
Objective: The objective of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate for Portugal of the World Health Organization Questionnaire to Assess the Implementation of the Multiprofessional Guide.
Methodology: Following the cultural adaptation process, we carried out a psychometric analysis on a sample of 300 health professionals. The scale was tested for apparent and content validity. Psychometric properties were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity.
Results: Exploratory factor analysis led to a tetra factor structure that accounted for 43.0% of the variance and had an overall alpha of 0.759. The hypothesized structure was submitted to confirmatory factor analysis, and the following items were eliminated from factors 1, 2, and 3 and the respective items: 7; 5; and 3, 4, 5, and 6, due to multicollinearity problems. Overall good-of-fit indexes are reliable.
Conclusions: The "KIT TOOL-S2 TEXT" scale presents a factor structure with satisfactory validity and reliability results, adequately representing the constructs in question.
{"title":"KIT TOOL-S2 for the Portuguese Healthcare Professional: A Psychometric Analysis.","authors":"Catarina Amaral, Carlos Sequeira, Núria Albacar-Riobóo, Lara Guedes Pinho, Carme Ferré-Grau","doi":"10.1159/000538386","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Literacy of health professionals on patient safety aims to prevent and reduce risks and adverse events in healthcare.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate for Portugal of the World Health Organization Questionnaire to Assess the Implementation of the Multiprofessional Guide.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Following the cultural adaptation process, we carried out a psychometric analysis on a sample of 300 health professionals. The scale was tested for apparent and content validity. Psychometric properties were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory factor analysis led to a tetra factor structure that accounted for 43.0% of the variance and had an overall alpha of 0.759. The hypothesized structure was submitted to confirmatory factor analysis, and the following items were eliminated from factors 1, 2, and 3 and the respective items: 7; 5; and 3, 4, 5, and 6, due to multicollinearity problems. Overall good-of-fit indexes are reliable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The \"KIT TOOL-S2 TEXT\" scale presents a factor structure with satisfactory validity and reliability results, adequately representing the constructs in question.</p>","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"42 2","pages":"111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11498910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Lung cancer screening is still in an early phase compared to other cancer screening programs, despite its high lethality particularly when diagnosed late. Achieving early diagnosis is crucial to obtain optimal outcomes. Summary: In this review, we will address the current evidence on lung cancer screening through low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and its impact on mortality reduction, existing screening recommendations, patient eligibility criteria, screening frequency and duration, benefits and harms, cost-effectiveness and some insights on lung cancer screening implementation and adoption. Additionally, new non-imaging, noninvasive biomarkers with high diagnostic potential are also briefly highlighted. Key Messages: LDCT screening in a prespecified population based on age and smoking history proved to reduce lung cancer mortality. Optimization of the target population and management of LDCT pitfalls can further improve lung cancer screening efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Novel screening technologies and biomarkers being studied can potentially be game-changers in lung cancer screening and diagnosis.
{"title":"Current Evidence for a Lung Cancer Screening Program","authors":"T. Guerreiro, Pedro Aguiar, António Araújo","doi":"10.1159/000538434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538434","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lung cancer screening is still in an early phase compared to other cancer screening programs, despite its high lethality particularly when diagnosed late. Achieving early diagnosis is crucial to obtain optimal outcomes. Summary: In this review, we will address the current evidence on lung cancer screening through low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and its impact on mortality reduction, existing screening recommendations, patient eligibility criteria, screening frequency and duration, benefits and harms, cost-effectiveness and some insights on lung cancer screening implementation and adoption. Additionally, new non-imaging, noninvasive biomarkers with high diagnostic potential are also briefly highlighted. Key Messages: LDCT screening in a prespecified population based on age and smoking history proved to reduce lung cancer mortality. Optimization of the target population and management of LDCT pitfalls can further improve lung cancer screening efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Novel screening technologies and biomarkers being studied can potentially be game-changers in lung cancer screening and diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"68 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Santos, E. Sacadura-Leite, Salvato Feijó, M. Dixe, Philippe Astoul, A. Sousa-Uva
Objective: The main objective of this study was to describe the translation, cultural adaptation, and content validation process of the French National Surveillance Programme for Pleural Mesothelioma (FNSPPM) questionnaire for the Portuguese context. Methods: A search was conducted in the PubMed database and Web of Science, in the period from January 1, 1960, to December 31, 2022, to select the questionnaire. Forward and reverse translations, calculation of the content validity index (CVI) by a panel of experts (n = 9), and cognitive interviewing with individuals with at least one exposure to asbestos (n = 10) were performed. Experts rated items on a Likert scale (1-4) based on their relevance. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI), scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/Ave), and scale-level content validity index based on the universal agreement method (S-CVI/UA) were calculated. Results: The final version of the FNSPPM questionnaire for the Portuguese context resulted from a translation and content validation process. The panel of experts considered the questionnaire relevant, with an I-CVI of up to 0.78 in 68 of 69 of the questions, an S-CVI/Ave of 0.98, and an S-CVI/UA of 0.90. The participants in the cognitive interviews reported an understanding of the questionnaire. Conclusion: A validated FNSPPM questionnaire for the Portuguese context is now available to study individuals with pleural mesothelioma (PM) and asbestos exposure.
{"title":"Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Content Validation of a Pleural Mesothelioma Questionnaire to Portuguese Context – A Key Tool for Epidemiological Surveillance","authors":"C. Santos, E. Sacadura-Leite, Salvato Feijó, M. Dixe, Philippe Astoul, A. Sousa-Uva","doi":"10.1159/000538097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538097","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The main objective of this study was to describe the translation, cultural adaptation, and content validation process of the French National Surveillance Programme for Pleural Mesothelioma (FNSPPM) questionnaire for the Portuguese context. Methods: A search was conducted in the PubMed database and Web of Science, in the period from January 1, 1960, to December 31, 2022, to select the questionnaire. Forward and reverse translations, calculation of the content validity index (CVI) by a panel of experts (n = 9), and cognitive interviewing with individuals with at least one exposure to asbestos (n = 10) were performed. Experts rated items on a Likert scale (1-4) based on their relevance. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI), scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/Ave), and scale-level content validity index based on the universal agreement method (S-CVI/UA) were calculated. Results: The final version of the FNSPPM questionnaire for the Portuguese context resulted from a translation and content validation process. The panel of experts considered the questionnaire relevant, with an I-CVI of up to 0.78 in 68 of 69 of the questions, an S-CVI/Ave of 0.98, and an S-CVI/UA of 0.90. The participants in the cognitive interviews reported an understanding of the questionnaire. Conclusion: A validated FNSPPM questionnaire for the Portuguese context is now available to study individuals with pleural mesothelioma (PM) and asbestos exposure.","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"223 S725","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Precision Public Health: A Balancing Act of Scientific Accuracy, Social Responsibility, and Community Engagement","authors":"João V. Cordeiro","doi":"10.1159/000538141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37244,"journal":{"name":"Portuguese Journal of Public Health","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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